Etude des Effets Antianémiques d’un Complément Alimentaire à Base de Feuilles de Jatropha gossypiifolia chez des Rats Wistar

L’anémie constitue l’un des problèmes de santé publique les plus répandus au monde. Le présent travail a pour objectif d’évaluer les propriétés antianémiques des feuilles de Jatropha gossypiifolia (FJG) en l’utilisant comme complément alimentaire chez des rats Wistar. Ainsi, après un screening phytochimique, une étude toxicologique de l’extrait aqueux de la plante a été réalisée sur des souris femelles. En vue d’évaluer l’effet antianémique de cette plante, 5 lots de 5 rats Wistar mâles ont été constitués et une anémie hémolytique a été induite chez 4 lots (II à V) par administration de 20 mg/kg PC de 2,4-dinitrophénylhydrazine pendant 7 jours. Ensuite, tous ces rats ont été nourris pendant 14 jours suivant l’induction d’anémie comme suit : lot I : régime normal (témoin normal),  lot II : régime normal (témoin négatif), lot III : régime normal+ Ranferon® (témoin positif), lot IV : régime normal +10% de FJG et lot V : régime normal+ 20% de FJG. Les résultats montrent que les FJG contiennent des stérols, polyterpènes, composés phénoliques, flavonoïdes, quinones, tanins catéchiques, alcaloïdes et saponosides. Par ailleurs l’extrait aqueux de feuilles n’est pas toxique par voie orale. En outre, les régimes alimentaires à base de FJG ont, tout comme le Ranferon® rétabli partiellement ou totalement les différents paramètres hématologiques mesurés à la fin de l’expérimentation. Ces résultats indiquent que J. gossypiifolia possède des propriétés antianémiques.   Anaemia is one of the most widespread public health problems in the world. The objective of this work was to evaluate the anti-anaemic properties of Jatropha gossypiifolia leaves (JGL) by using it as a food supplement in Wistar rats. Thus, after a phytochemical screening, a toxicological study of the aqueous extract of the plant was carried out on female mice. In order to evaluate the anti-anaemic effect of this plant, 5 groups of 5 male Wistar rats were formed and haemolytic anaemia was induced in 4 groups (II to V) by administration of 20 mg/kg BW of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine for 7 days. Then, all these rats were fed for 14 days following the induction of anaemia as follows: group I: normal diet (normal control), group II: normal diet (negative control), group III: normal diet + Ranferon® (positive control), group IV: normal diet + 10% JGL and group V: normal diet + 20% JGL. The results showed that JGL contained sterols, polyterpenes, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, quinones, catechic tannins, alkaloids and saponosides. Moreover, the aqueous leaf extract was not toxic orally. In addition, JGL-based diets, like Ranferon®, partially or totally restored the various haematological parameters measured at the end of the experiment. These results indicated that J. gossypiifolia had anti-anaemic properties

Etude des Effets Antianémiques d’un Complément Alimentaire à Base de Feuilles de Jatropha gossypiifolia chez des Rats Wistar

L’anémie constitue l’un des problèmes de santé publique les plus répandus au monde. Le présent travail a pour objectif d’évaluer les propriétés antianémiques des feuilles de Jatropha gossypiifolia (FJG) en l’utilisant comme complément alimentaire chez des rats Wistar. Ainsi, après un screening phytochimique, une étude toxicologique de l’extrait aqueux de la plante a été réalisée sur des souris femelles. En vue d’évaluer l’effet antianémique de cette plante, 5 lots de 5 rats Wistar mâles ont été constitués et une anémie hémolytique a été induite chez 4 lots (II à V) par administration de 20 mg/kg PC de 2,4-dinitrophénylhydrazine pendant 7 jours. Ensuite, tous ces rats ont été nourris pendant 14 jours suivant l’induction d’anémie comme suit : lot I : régime normal (témoin normal),  lot II : régime normal (témoin négatif), lot III : régime normal+ Ranferon® (témoin positif), lot IV : régime normal +10% de FJG et lot V : régime normal+ 20% de FJG. Les résultats montrent que les FJG contiennent des stérols, polyterpènes, composés phénoliques, flavonoïdes, quinones, tanins catéchiques, alcaloïdes et saponosides. Par ailleurs l’extrait aqueux de feuilles n’est pas toxique par voie orale. En outre, les régimes alimentaires à base de FJG ont, tout comme le Ranferon® rétabli partiellement ou totalement les différents paramètres hématologiques mesurés à la fin de l’expérimentation. Ces résultats indiquent que J. gossypiifolia possède des propriétés antianémiques.   Anaemia is one of the most widespread public health problems in the world. The objective of this work was to evaluate the anti-anaemic properties of Jatropha gossypiifolia leaves (JGL) by using it as a food supplement in Wistar rats. Thus, after a phytochemical screening, a toxicological study of the aqueous extract of the plant was carried out on female mice. In order to evaluate the anti-anaemic effect of this plant, 5 groups of 5 male Wistar rats were formed and haemolytic anaemia was induced in 4 groups (II to V) by administration of 20 mg/kg BW of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine for 7 days. Then, all these rats were fed for 14 days following the induction of anaemia as follows: group I: normal diet (normal control), group II: normal diet (negative control), group III: normal diet + Ranferon® (positive control), group IV: normal diet + 10% JGL and group V: normal diet + 20% JGL. The results showed that JGL contained sterols, polyterpenes, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, quinones, catechic tannins, alkaloids and saponosides. Moreover, the aqueous leaf extract was not toxic orally. In addition, JGL-based diets, like Ranferon®, partially or totally restored the various haematological parameters measured at the end of the experiment. These results indicated that J. gossypiifolia had anti-anaemic properties

Etude Toxicologique et Effet Antianémique d’Un Complément Alimentaire à Base de Feuilles de Jatropha gossypiifolia chez des Rats Wistar

L’anémie est l’un des problèmes de santé publique les plus répandus au monde. Le présent travail a pour objectif de valoriser l’utilisation de d’évaluer l’utilisation de Jatropha gossypiifolia(FJG). Des procedés standards sont utilisés pour caracteriser les grands groupes chimique contenus dans la poudre des feuilles de Jatropha gossipiifolia. 2 lots de 5 souris femelles  ont été constitués. Le premier lot (témoin) a reçu de l’eau distillé et le second a été traité avec une dose unique de 5000 mg/kg de PC de l’extrait aqueux de FJG par gavage. 5 lots de 5 rats Wistar mâles ont été constitués et une anémie hémolytique a été induite chez 4 lots (II à V). 20 mg/kg de poids corporel (PC) de 2,4-dinitrophénylhydrazine sont administrés  pendant 7 jours. Ensuite, tous ces rats ont été nourris pendant les 14 jours qui ont suivi l’induction d’anémie : lot I : régime normal (témoin normal),  lot II : régime normal (témoin négatif), lot III : régime normal+50 mg/kg de PC de Ranferon® (témoin positif), lot IV : régime normal+10% de FJG et lot V :régime normal+ 20% de FJG. Les résultats montrent que les FJG contiennent des stérols, polyterpènes, composés phénoliques, flavonoïdes, quinones, tanins catéchiques, alcaloïdes et saponosides. Par ailleurs l’extrait aqueux de feuilles de J. gossypiifolia n’a entrainé aucun decès et n’a pas varié le poids corporel des souris dans nos conditions expérimentales. En outre, les régimes alimentaires à base de FJG ont, tous comme le Ranferon® rétabli partiellement ou totalement les différents paramètres hématologiques mesurés à la fin de l’expérimentation. Cette etude nous montre que  J. gossypiifolia possède des composés chimiques dont les polyphenols. L’extrait aqueux de feuilles de J. gossipiifolia n’est pas toxique par voie orale et  possède des propriétés antianémiques.   Anemia is one of the most widespread public health problems in the world. The present work aims to evaluate the antianemic effect of the leaves of Jatropha gossypiifolia (FJG). Standard methods are used to characterize the major chemical groups contained in the leaf powder of Jatropha gossipiifolia. 2 batches of 5 female mice were formed. The first batch (control) received distilled water and the second was treated with a single dose of 5000 mg/kg BW of the aqueous extract of FJG by gavage. 5 batches of 5 male Wistar rats were formed and hemolytic anemia was induced in 4 batches (II to V). 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine is administered for 7 days. Then, all these rats were fed for the 14 days following the induction of anemia: batch I: normal diet (normal control), batch II: normal diet (negative control), batch III: normal diet+50 mg /kg BW of Ranferon® (positive control), batch IV: normal diet + 10% FJG and batch V: normal diet + 20% FJG. The results show that FJGs contain sterols, polyterpenes, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, quinones, catechic tannins, alkaloids and saponosides. Moreover, the aqueous extract of leaves of J. gossypiifolia did not cause any death and did not change the body weight of mice under our experimental conditions. In addition, the FJG-based diets, like Ranferon®, partially or totally restored the various haematological parameters measured at the end of the experiment. This study shows us that J. gossypiifolia has chemical compounds including polyphenols. The aqueous leaf extract of J. gossipiifolia is non-toxic orally and has anti-anaemic properties

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

PRIMER NOTE Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci within a young Boophilus microplus metapopulation

Nine microsatellite loci from the cattle tick Boophilus microplus were isolated and characterized within New Caledonia. This Pacific island was invaded by the cattle tick from a few immigration events dating from mid-20th century. A population survey involving 94 adult ticks indicated monomorphism at one locus, presence of null alleles at another, and high genetic diversity (0.61–0.72) at seven loci apparently suitable for population genetics studies. This opens the opportunity to dissect the populational mechanisms involved in the spectacular capacity of B. microplus to cope with local environmental heterogeneity during its recurrent invasions of tropical areas

Benefits and risks of noninvasive oxygenation strategy in COVID-19: a multicenter, prospective cohort study (COVID-ICU) in 137 hospitals

International audienceAbstract Rational To evaluate the respective impact of standard oxygen, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) on oxygenation failure rate and mortality in COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Methods Multicenter, prospective cohort study (COVID-ICU) in 137 hospitals in France, Belgium, and Switzerland. Demographic, clinical, respiratory support, oxygenation failure, and survival data were collected. Oxygenation failure was defined as either intubation or death in the ICU without intubation. Variables independently associated with oxygenation failure and Day-90 mortality were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Results From February 25 to May 4, 2020, 4754 patients were admitted in ICU. Of these, 1491 patients were not intubated on the day of ICU admission and received standard oxygen therapy (51%), HFNC (38%), or NIV (11%) ( P < 0.001). Oxygenation failure occurred in 739 (50%) patients (678 intubation and 61 death). For standard oxygen, HFNC, and NIV, oxygenation failure rate was 49%, 48%, and 60% ( P < 0.001). By multivariate analysis, HFNC (odds ratio [OR] 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36–0.99, P = 0.013) but not NIV (OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.78–3.21) was associated with a reduction in oxygenation failure). Overall 90-day mortality was 21%. By multivariable analysis, HFNC was not associated with a change in mortality (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.61–1.33), while NIV was associated with increased mortality (OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.79–4.21, P < 0.001). Conclusion In patients with COVID-19, HFNC was associated with a reduction in oxygenation failure without improvement in 90-day mortality, whereas NIV was associated with a higher mortality in these patients. Randomized controlled trials are needed

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis

International audienc

Characteristics, management, and prognosis of elderly patients with COVID-19 admitted in the ICU during the first wave: insights from the COVID-ICU study

International audienceBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic is a heavy burden in terms of health care resources. Future decision-making policies require consistent data on the management and prognosis of the older patients (&gt; 70 years old) with COVID-19 admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Characteristics, management, and prognosis of critically ill old patients (&gt; 70 years) were extracted from the international prospective COVID-ICU database. A propensity score weighted-comparison evaluated the impact of intubation upon admission on Day-90 mortality. Results: The analysis included 1199 (28% of the COVID-ICU cohort) patients (median [interquartile] age 74 [72–78] years). Fifty-three percent, 31%, and 16% were 70–74, 75–79, and over 80 years old, respectively. The most frequent comorbidities were chronic hypertension (62%), diabetes (30%), and chronic respiratory disease (25%). Median Clinical Frailty Scale was 3 (2–3). Upon admission, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 154 (105–222). 740 (62%) patients were intubated on Day-1 and eventually 938 (78%) during their ICU stay. Overall Day-90 mortality was 46% and reached 67% among the 193 patients over 80 years old. Mortality was higher in older patients, diabetics, and those with a lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio upon admission, cardiovascular dysfunction, and a shorter time between first symptoms and ICU admission. In propensity analysis, early intubation at ICU admission was associated with a significantly higher Day-90 mortality (42% vs 28%; hazard ratio 1.68; 95% CI 1.24–2.27; p &lt; 0·001). Conclusion: Patients over 70 years old represented more than a quarter of the COVID-19 population admitted in the participating ICUs during the first wave. Day-90 mortality was 46%, with dismal outcomes reported for patients older than 80 years or those intubated upon ICU admission

Predicting 90-day survival of patients with COVID-19: Survival of Severely Ill COVID (SOSIC) scores

International audienceBackground Predicting outcomes of critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients with coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is a major challenge to avoid futile, and prolonged ICU stays. Methods The objective was to develop predictive survival models for patients with COVID-19 after 1-to-2 weeks in ICU. Based on the COVID–ICU cohort, which prospectively collected characteristics, management, and outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19. Machine learning was used to develop dynamic, clinically useful models able to predict 90-day mortality using ICU data collected on day (D) 1, D7 or D14. Results Survival of Severely Ill COVID (SOSIC)-1, SOSIC-7, and SOSIC-14 scores were constructed with 4244, 2877, and 1349 patients, respectively, randomly assigned to development or test datasets. The three models selected 15 ICU-entry variables recorded on D1, D7, or D14. Cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary functions on prediction D7 or D14 were among the most heavily weighted inputs for both models. For the test dataset, SOSIC-7’s area under the ROC curve was slightly higher (0.80 [0.74–0.86]) than those for SOSIC-1 (0.76 [0.71–0.81]) and SOSIC-14 (0.76 [0.68–0.83]). Similarly, SOSIC-1 and SOSIC-7 had excellent calibration curves, with similar Brier scores for the three models. Conclusion The SOSIC scores showed that entering 15 to 27 baseline and dynamic clinical parameters into an automatable XGBoost algorithm can potentially accurately predict the likely 90-day mortality post-ICU admission (sosic.shinyapps.io/shiny). Although external SOSIC-score validation is still needed, it is an additional tool to strengthen decisions about life-sustaining treatments and informing family members of likely prognosis

Characteristics and prognosis of bloodstream infection in patients with COVID-19 admitted in the ICU: an ancillary study of the COVID-ICU study

International audienceBackground Patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV 2) and requiring intensive care unit (ICU) have a high incidence of hospital-acquired infections; however, data regarding hospital acquired bloodstream infections (BSI) are scarce. We aimed to investigate risk factors and outcome of BSI in critically ill coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19) patients. Patients and methods We performed an ancillary analysis of a multicenter prospective international cohort study (COVID-ICU study) that included 4010 COVID-19 ICU patients. For the present analysis, only those with data regarding primary outcome (death within 90 days from admission) or BSI status were included. Risk factors for BSI were analyzed using Fine and Gray competing risk model. Then, for outcome comparison, 537 BSI-patients were matched with 537 controls using propensity score matching. Results Among 4010 included patients, 780 (19.5%) acquired a total of 1066 BSI (10.3 BSI per 1000 patients days at risk) of whom 92% were acquired in the ICU. Higher SAPS II, male gender, longer time from hospital to ICU admission and antiviral drug before admission were independently associated with an increased risk of BSI, and interestingly, this risk decreased over time. BSI was independently associated with a shorter time to death in the overall population (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.28, 95% CI 1.05–1.56) and, in the propensity score matched data set, patients with BSI had a higher mortality rate (39% vs 33% p = 0.036). BSI accounted for 3.6% of the death of the overall population. Conclusion COVID-19 ICU patients have a high risk of BSI, especially early after ICU admission, risk that increases with severity but not with corticosteroids use. BSI is associated with an increased mortality rate