Gpr158 mediates osteocalcin's regulation of cognition

That osteocalcin (OCN) is necessary for hippocampal-dependent memory and to prevent anxiety-like behaviors raises novel questions. One question is to determine whether OCN is also sufficient to improve these behaviors in wild-type mice, when circulating levels of OCN decline as they do with age. Here we show that the presence of OCN is necessary for the beneficial influence of plasma from young mice when injected into older mice on memory and that peripheral delivery of OCN is sufficient to improve memory and decrease anxiety-like behaviors in 16-mo-old mice. A second question is to identify a receptor transducing OCN signal in neurons. Genetic, electrophysiological, molecular, and behavioral assays identify Gpr158, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor expressed in neurons of the CA3 region of the hippocampus, as transducing OCN's regulation of hippocampal-dependent memory in part through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These results indicate that exogenous OCN can improve hippocampal-dependent memory in mice and identify molecular tools to harness this pathway for therapeutic purposes

L’acquisition des adverbiaux temporels en français écrit chez l’enfant sourd : premiers résultats comportementaux

International audienceAcquisition of temporal adverbials in written French in the deaf child: behavioral evidences. The purpose of this paper is a pilot study on the acquisition of temporal adverbials in written French in the deaf child. The conceptualization of cognitive and linguistic notions of temporality is a long developmental process in normo-typical children, and even more in deaf children. Owing to their hearing impairment and / or difficulty in language access, deaf children experience great difficulties to master the expression of temporality in French Sign Language (LSF) and written French. In order to understand the phenomenon and propose the first results on the acquisition and development of temporal adverbials, we created 3 reception tasks and 1 production task. These tasks varied in complexity of temporal adverbials used (3 semantic anchoring categories: anaphoric, deictic, frequential; 3 semantic operation categories: anteriority, identity, posteriority). We also compared skills according to the children's ILF (Indice de Fonctionnement Linguistique, i.e. Linguistic Performing Index: an index providing more objective benchmarks of their language capacity. While the data collected do not show IFL effect, they attest the more complex understanding of temporal adverbials in a multi-referential framework. These first results extend the knowledge on the development of temporality in French in deaf children.Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude pilote qui a pour objectif d’évaluer l’acquisition d’une composante en particulier du langage, la temporalité, chez des enfants sourds du primaire et du collège. Ces derniers, de par leur déficience auditive et/ou difficulté d’accès au langage, présentent de grandes difficultés pour maîtriser l’expression de la temporalité en Langue des Signes Française (LSF) et en Français écrit. Afin de pallier l’absence de données précises sur l’acquisition de la composante temporelle en français écrit, nous avons proposé trois épreuves de compréhension et une épreuve de production centrées sur les adverbiaux temporels. Ces épreuves ont été élaborées selon une complexité supposée croissante, et reposant sur des distinctions sémantiques entre adverbiaux temporels. Nous avons également comparé les compétences en fonction de l’Indice de Fonctionnement Linguistique (IFL) des enfants, indice objectivant leur potentiel langagier. Si les données collectées ne permettent pas d’observer d’effet de l’IFL, elles attestent de la complexité à comprendre pour un enfant sourd des adverbiaux temporels dans un cadre multi-référentiel

Imagerie in-vivo du petit animal en confinement A3 : étude des interactions hôte/pathogène dans des modèles murins et aviaires

National audienc

Semantic and syntactic assessment of French Sign Language TELSF 2: The first test for children and teenagers aged from 4 to 14 years old.

International audienc

Semantic and syntactic assessment of French Sign Language TELSF 2: The first test for children and teenagers aged from 4 to 14 years old.

International audienc

Analyses ex vivo des interactions hôtes-pathogènes dans l'UMR ISP : activités du laboratoire d'histologie

National audienc

Intravenous maintenance fluid therapy in acutely and critically ill children ::state of the evidence

Intravenous maintenance fluid therapy (IV-MFT) is one of the most prescribed, yet one of the least studied, interventions in paediatric acute and critical care settings. IV-MFT is not typically treated in the same way as drugs with specific indications, contraindications, compositions, and associated adverse effects. In the last decade, societies in both paediatric and adult medicine have issued evidence-based practice guidelines for the use of intravenous fluids in clinical practice. The main objective of this Viewpoint is to summarise and compare the rationales on which these international expert guidelines were based and how these recommendations affect IV-MFT practices in paediatric acute and critical care. Although these guidelines recommend the use of isotonic fluids as a standard in IV-MFT, some discrepancies and uncertainties remain regarding the systematic use of balanced fluids, glucose and electrolyte requirements, and appropriate fluid volume. IV-MFT should be considered in the same way as any other prescription drug and none of the components of IV-MFT prescription should be overlooked (ie, choice of drug, dosing rate, duration of treatment, and de-escalation). Furthermore, most evidence that was used to inform the guidelines comes from high-income countries. Although some principles of IV-MFT are universal, the direct relevance to and feasibility of implementing the guidelines in low-income and middle-income countries is uncertain

Gpr158 mediates osteocalcin's regulation of cognition

That osteocalcin (OCN) is necessary for hippocampal-dependent memory and to prevent anxiety-like behaviors raises novel questions. One question is to determine whether OCN is also sufficient to improve these behaviors in wild-type mice, when circulating levels of OCN decline as they do with age. Here we show that the presence of OCN is necessary for the beneficial influence of plasma from young mice when injected into older mice on memory and that peripheral delivery of OCN is sufficient to improve memory and decrease anxiety-like behaviors in 16-mo-old mice. A second question is to identify a receptor transducing OCN signal in neurons. Genetic, electrophysiological, molecular, and behavioral assays identify Gpr158, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor expressed in neurons of the CA3 region of the hippocampus, as transducing OCN's regulation of hippocampal-dependent memory in part through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These results indicate that exogenous OCN can improve hippocampal-dependent memory in mice and identify molecular tools to harness this pathway for therapeutic purposes

Overview of the Meso-NH model version 5.4 and its applications

International audienc

Green Edge ice camp campaigns: understanding the processes controlling the under-ice Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom

International audienceThe Green Edge initiative was developed to investigate the processes controlling the primary productivity and the fate of organic matter produced during the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) and to determine its role in the ecosystem. Two field campaigns were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at an ice camp located on landfast sea ice southeast of Qikiqtarjuaq Island in Baffin Bay (67.4797N, 63.7895W). During both expeditions, a large suite of physical, chemical and biological variables was measured beneath a consolidated sea ice cover from the surface to the bottom at 360 m depth to better understand the factors driving the PSB. Key variables such as temperature, salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll-a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured at the ice camp. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to tidy and standardize the collected data sets that will facilitate their reuse in other Arctic studies. The dataset is available at http://www.seanoe.org/data/00487/59892/ (Massicotte et al., 2019a)