115 research outputs found
Low-linewidth and tunable single frequency 1x2 multimode-interferometer-Fabry-Perot laser diode
In this paper, we present a novel 1x2 multi-mode-interferometer-Fabry-Perot (MMI-FP) laser diode, which demonstrated tunable single frequency operation with more than 30dB side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) and a tuning range of 25nm in the C and L bands, as well as a 750 kHz linewidth. These lasers do not require material regrowth and high resolution gratings; resulting in a simpler process that can significantly increase the yield and reduce the cost
Integrated demultiplexing and amplification of coherent optical combs
The explosive growth of the internet during the last few decades has been enabled by two complementary innovations in optical communications: the use of multiple optical channels within a single optical fibre, and the increase in the bandwidth of individual channels to hundreds of Gbps. Further increases in overall bandwidth look to be provided by more spectrally efficient optical superchannels that use coherent sub-carriers generated using optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Yet, a cost effective way of generating these signals has not been demonstrated. One crucial, but missing piece is an effective means to separate the closely frequency spaced optical sub-carriers from the coherent optical comb before placing information on each sub-carrier, and thus creating the OFDM signal. Here, we demonstrate a flexible strategy implemented in a compact photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that is used to separate and amplify these sub-carriers using on-chip injection locking
Upregulation of nitric oxide synthase in mice with severe hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension
BACKGROUND: The importance of nitric oxide (NO) in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension has been demonstrated using nitric oxide synthase (NOS) knockout mice. In that model NO from endothelial NOS (eNOS) plays a central role in modulating pulmonary vascular tone and attenuating hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. However, the normal regulation of NOS expression in mice following hypoxia is uncertain. Because genetically engineered mice are often utilized in studies of NO, we conducted the present study to determine how hypoxia alters NOS expression in wild-type mice. METHOD: Mice were exposed to sea level, ambient conditions (5280 feet) or severe altitude (17,000 feet) for 6 weeks from birth, and hemodynamics and lung NOS expression were assessed. RESULTS: Hypoxic mice developed severe pulmonary hypertension (right ventricular systolic pressure [RVsP] 60 mmHg) as compared with normoxic mice (27 mmHg). Using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, it was found that expressions of eNOS and inducible NOS (iNOS) increased 1.5-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively, in the lung. In addition, the level of lung eNOS protein was increased, neuronal NOS (nNOS) protein was unchanged, and iNOS was below the limit of detection. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated no change in lung iNOS or nNOS staining in either central or peripheral areas, but suggested increased eNOS in the periphery following hypoxia. CONCLUSION: In mice, hypoxia is associated with increases in lung eNOS, possibly in iNOS, but not in nNOS; this suggests that the pattern of lung NOS expression following hypoxia must be considered in studies using genetically engineered mice
A heat-and-pull rig for fiber taper fabrication
We describe a reproducible method of fabricating adiabatic tapers with 3-4
micron diameter. The method is based on a heat-and-pull rig, whereby a CO2
laser is continuously scanned across a length of fiber that is being pulled
synchronously. Our system relies on a CO2 mirror mounted on a geared stepper
motor in order to scan the laser beam across the taper region. We show that
this system offers a reliable alternative to more traditional rigs
incorporating galvanometer scanners. We have routinely obtained transmission
losses between 0.1 and 0.3 dB indicating the satisfactory production of
adiabatic tapers. The operation of the rig is described in detail and an
analysis on the produced tapers is provided. The flexibility of the rig is
demonstrated by fabricating prolate dielectric microresonators using a
microtapering technique. Such a rig is of interest to a range of fields that
require tapered fiber fabrication such as microcavity-taper coupling, atom
guiding along a tapered fiber, optical fiber sensing and the fabrication of
fused biconical tapered couplers.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures Submitted to Rev. Sci. Instru
Suppression of Leukotriene B4 Generation by Ex-vivo Neutrophils Isolated from Asthma Patients on Dietary Supplementation with Gammalinolenic Acid-containing Borage Oil: Possible Implication in Asthma
Dietary gammalinolenic acid (GLA), a potent inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and suppressor of leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), can attenuate the clinical course of rheumatoid arthritics, with negligible side effects. Since Zileuton, also an inhibitor of 5-LOX, attenuates asthma but with an undesirable side effect, we investigated whether dietary GLA would suppress biosynthesis of PMN-LTB(4) isolated from asthma patients and attenuate asthma. Twenty-four mild-moderate asthma patients (16–75 years) were randomized to receive either 2.0 g daily GLA (borage oil) or corn oil (placebo) for 12 months. Blood drawn at 3 months intervals was used to prepare sera for fatty acid analysis, PMNs for determining phospholipid fatty acids and for LTB4 generation. Patients were monitored by daily asthma scores, pulmonary function, and exhaled NO. Ingestion of daily GLA (i) increased DGLA (GLA metabolite) in PMN-phospholipids; (ii) increased generation of PMN-15-HETrE (5-LOX metabolite of DGLA). Increased PMN-DGLA/15-HETrE paralleled the decreased PMN generation of proinflammatory LTB(4). However, the suppression of PMN-LTB4 did not reveal statistically significant suppression of the asthma scores evaluated. Nonetheless, the study demonstrated dietary fatty acid modulation of endogenous inflammatory mediators without side effects and thus warrant further explorations into the roles of GLA at higher doses, leukotrienes and asthma
The On-Orbit Performance of the Galaxy Evolution Explorer
We report the first year on-orbit performance results for the Galaxy
Evolution Explorer (GALEX), a NASA Small Explorer that is performing a survey
of the sky in two ultraviolet bands. The instrument comprises a 50 cm diameter
modified Ritchey-Chretien telescope with a 1.25 degree field of view,
selectable imaging and objective grism spectroscopic modes, and an innovative
optical system with a thin-film multilayer dichroic beam splitter that enables
simultaneous imaging by a pair of photon counting, microchannel plate, delay
line readout detectors. Initial measurements demonstrate that GALEX is
performing well, meeting its requirements for resolution, efficiency,
astrometry, bandpass definition and survey sensitivity.Comment: This paper will be published as part of the Galaxy Evolution Explorer
(GALEX) Astrophysical Journal Letters Special Issu
Very Low-Mass Stellar and Substellar Companions to Solar-Like Stars from MARVELS I: A Low Mass Ratio Stellar Companion to TYC 4110-01037-1 in a 79-day Orbit
TYC 4110-01037-1 has a low-mass stellar companion, whose small mass ratio and
short orbital period are atypical amongst solar-like (Teff ~< 6000 K) binary
systems. Our analysis of TYC 4110-01037-1 reveals it to be a moderately aged
(~<5 Gyr) solar-like star having a mass of 1.07 +/- 0.08 MSun and radius of
0.99 +/- 0.18 RSun. We analyze 32 radial velocity measurements from the
SDSS-III MARVELS survey as well as 6 supporting radial velocity measurements
from the SARG spectrograph on the 3.6m TNG telescope obtained over a period of
~2 years. The best Keplerian orbital fit parameters were found to have a period
of 78.994 +/- 0.012 days, an eccentricity of 0.1095 +/- 0.0023, and a
semi-amplitude of 4199 +/- 11 m/s. We determine the minimum companion mass (if
sin i = 1) to be 97.7 +/- 5.8 MJup. The system's companion to host star mass
ratio, >0.087 +/- 0.003, places it at the lowest end of observed values for
short period stellar companions to solar-like (Teff ~< 6000 K) stars. One
possible way to create such a system would be if a triple-component stellar
multiple broke up into a short period, low q binary during the cluster
dispersal phase of its lifetime. A candidate tertiary body has been identified
in the system via single-epoch, high contrast imagery. If this object is
confirmed to be co-moving, we estimate it would be a dM4 star. We present these
results in the context of our larger-scale effort to constrain the statistics
of low mass stellar and brown dwarf companions to FGK-type stars via the
MARVELS survey.Comment: 22 pages; accepted in A
Dark sectors 2016 Workshop: community report
This report, based on the Dark Sectors workshop at SLAC in April 2016,
summarizes the scientific importance of searches for dark sector dark matter
and forces at masses beneath the weak-scale, the status of this broad
international field, the important milestones motivating future exploration,
and promising experimental opportunities to reach these milestones over the
next 5-10 years
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