The influence of international relation on the change of tourist orientation

This article considers the influence of international relations on the change of tourist orientation in 2015-2017 in the case of Russian Federation, the one of the key players in the tourism industry. The events were analyzed that have affect in international tourism. The main factors of tourism development were revealed.В данной статье рассмотрено влияние международных отношений на смену туристских ориентиров в 2015–2017 годы на примере Российской Федерации, одного из ключевых игроков в туристской индустрии. Проанализированы события, влияющие на международный туризм. Выявлены основные факторы развития туризма

Green-Ampt infiltration model parameter determination using SCS curve number (CN) and soil texture class, and application to the SCS runoff model

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS CN) method is a simple and widely popular technique of estimation of direct runoff volume for design and natural rainfall events in small watersheds. The SCS CN procedure is incorporated into such computer programs as TR-20 and TR-55. Although the method reliably predicts 24-hr runoff volume, the predicted distribution of runoff during a storm event is not realistic. This shortcoming of the SCS CN method is due to weakness in the infiltration concept of the method. Use of a physically realistic and distributed Green-Ampt infiltration model can significantly improve the SCS CN method.;The purposes of the present investigation were to incorporate the Green-Ampt infiltration model into the SCS CN method and to explore its advantages over the Curve Number infiltration model. As a result, a procedure of evaluating the Green-Ampt parameters from the SCS Curve Numbers for various soil texture classes was developed. The comparison of peak discharge estimation by both models for various rainfall depths and time of concentrations showed a divergence in predictions of up to 77 percent for low runoff potential soils

Psychological Correction of Aggressive Behavior of Older Preschool Children in Fairy-Tale Therapy Discourse

The goal is to study the aggression of children of senior preschool age with the subsequent possibility of its correction by means of fairy-tale therapy. The authors prove that the level of aggression in older preschoolers can be reduced by corrective cycles using fairy-tale therapy. In their research, the authors consider the possibilities of fairy-tale discourse as an interdisciplinary method of psychological correction of aggressive behavior in older preschool children

The role of the Consulate General of France in the formation of the inbound tourist flows in Sverdlovsk region

This article considers the role of the Consulate General of France in the formation of the inbound tourist flows in Sverdlovsk region. The questionnaires and events were analyzed that have affect in tourist flows from France. The main directions of cooperation between France and Sverdlovsk region were revealed.В данной статье рассмотрена роль Генерального консульства Франции в формировании въездного туристского потока в Свердловскую область. Проанализирована анкета и события, влияющие на приток туристов из Франции. Выявлены основные направления сотрудничества между Францией и Свердловской областью

AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits K_v1.5 channel currents of pulmonary arterial myocytes in response to hypoxia and inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation

KEY POINTS: Progression of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is thought to be due, in part, to suppression of voltage‐gated potassium channels (K(v)) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle by hypoxia, although the precise molecular mechanisms have been unclear. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been proposed to couple inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism by hypoxia to acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and progression of pulmonary hypertension. Inhibition of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain activated AMPK and inhibited K(v)1.5 channels in pulmonary arterial myocytes. AMPK activation by 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide riboside, A769662 or C13 attenuated K(v)1.5 currents in pulmonary arterial myocytes, and this effect was non‐additive with respect to K(v)1.5 inhibition by hypoxia and mitochondrial poisons. Recombinant AMPK phosphorylated recombinant human K(v)1.5 channels in cell‐free assays, and inhibited K(+) currents when introduced into HEK 293 cells stably expressing K(v)1.5. These results suggest that AMPK is the primary mediator of reductions in K(v)1.5 channels following inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation during hypoxia and by mitochondrial poisons. ABSTRACT: Progression of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is thought to be due, in part, to suppression of voltage‐gated potassium channels (K(v)) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells that is mediated by the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. We sought to determine the role in this process of the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is intimately coupled to mitochondrial function due to its activation by LKB1‐dependent phosphorylation in response to increases in the cellular AMP:ATP and/or ADP:ATP ratios. Inhibition of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain using phenformin activated AMPK and inhibited K(v) currents in pulmonary arterial myocytes, consistent with previously reported effects of mitochondrial inhibitors. Myocyte K(v) currents were also markedly inhibited upon AMPK activation by A769662, 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide riboside and C13 and by intracellular dialysis from a patch‐pipette of activated (thiophosphorylated) recombinant AMPK heterotrimers (α2β2γ1 or α1β1γ1). Hypoxia and inhibitors of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation reduced AMPK‐sensitive K(+) currents, which were also blocked by the selective K(v)1.5 channel inhibitor diphenyl phosphine oxide‐1 but unaffected by the presence of the BK(Ca) channel blocker paxilline. Moreover, recombinant human K(v)1.5 channels were phosphorylated by AMPK in cell‐free assays, and K(+) currents carried by K(v)1.5 stably expressed in HEK 293 cells were inhibited by intracellular dialysis of AMPK heterotrimers and by A769662, the effects of which were blocked by compound C. We conclude that AMPK mediates K(v) channel inhibition by hypoxia in pulmonary arterial myocytes, at least in part, through phosphorylation of K(v)1.5 and/or an associated protein

O sistema de tecnologias profissional-educacionais no sistema de formação de especialistas no perfil social

The paper studies the problem of the use of modern educational technologies for training specialists in the social profile. The quality of university professional training is an integrity of several educational technologies, each of which separately has a fairly independent character, but only together can provide a new quality of breeding professionals in the field of social work. The results of the introduction of modern educational technologies in the teaching and education process of the university social system show: the increase of graduates competing in the labor market, in addition to the development and growth of their social, professional and research competence. Therefore, the quality of university professional training of experts in the social sphere is caused by the synergistic integrity of several educational technologies that together provide a new quality of education in the field of social work.El artículo estudia el problema del uso de tecnologías educativas modernas para los especialistas en capacitación en el perfil social. La calidad de la formación profesional universitaria es una integridad de varias tecnologías educativas, cada una de las cuales por separado tiene un carácter bastante independiente, pero solo juntas pueden proporcionar una nueva calidad de profesionales de la cría en el campo del trabajo social. Los resultados de la introducción de tecnologías educativas modernas en el proceso de enseñanza y educación del sistema social universitario muestran: el aumento de los graduados que compiten en el mercado laboral, ademas del desarrollo y crecimiento de su competencia social, profesional y de investigación. Por lo tanto, la calidad de la formación profesional universitaria de los expertos de la esfera social está causada por la integridad sinérgica de varias tecnologías educativas que juntas proporcionan una nueva calidad de educación en el campo del trabajo social.O artigo estuda o problema do uso de tecnologias educacionais modernas para formação de especialistas no perfil social. A qualidade da formação profissional universitária é uma integridade de várias tecnologias educacionais, cada uma das quais separadamente tem um caráter bastante independente, mas apenas em conjunto pode fornecer uma nova qualidade de profissionais de criação no campo do trabalho social. Os resultados da introdução de modernas tecnologias educacionais no processo de ensino e educação do sistema social universitário mostram: o aumento de graduados competindo no mercado de trabalho, além do desenvolvimento e crescimento de sua competência social, profissional e de pesquisa. Portanto, a qualidade da formação profissional universitária de especialistas na esfera social é causada pela integridade sinérgica de várias tecnologias educacionais que, juntas, proporcionam uma nova qualidade de educação no campo do trabalho social

High level secretion of cellobiohydrolases by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The main technological impediment to widespread utilization of lignocellulose for the production of fuels and chemicals is the lack of low-cost technologies to overcome its recalcitrance. Organisms that hydrolyze lignocellulose and produce a valuable product such as ethanol at a high rate and titer could significantly reduce the costs of biomass conversion technologies, and will allow separate conversion steps to be combined in a consolidated bioprocess (CBP). Development of <it>Saccharomyces cerevisiae </it>for CBP requires the high level secretion of cellulases, particularly cellobiohydrolases.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We expressed various cellobiohydrolases to identify enzymes that were efficiently secreted by <it>S. cerevisiae</it>. For enhanced cellulose hydrolysis, we engineered bimodular derivatives of a well secreted enzyme that naturally lacks the carbohydrate-binding module, and constructed strains expressing combinations of <it>cbh1 </it>and <it>cbh2 </it>genes. Though there was significant variability in the enzyme levels produced, up to approximately 0.3 g/L CBH1 and approximately 1 g/L CBH2 could be produced in high cell density fermentations. Furthermore, we could show activation of the unfolded protein response as a result of cellobiohydrolase production. Finally, we report fermentation of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel™) to ethanol by CBH-producing <it>S. cerevisiae </it>strains with the addition of beta-glucosidase.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Gene or protein specific features and compatibility with the host are important for efficient cellobiohydrolase secretion in yeast. The present work demonstrated that production of both CBH1 and CBH2 could be improved to levels where the barrier to CBH sufficiency in the hydrolysis of cellulose was overcome.</p

The emerging role of AMPK in the regulation of breathing and oxygen supply

Regulation of breathing is critical to our capacity to accommodate deficits in oxygen availability and demand during, for example, sleep and ascent to altitude. It is generally accepted that a fall in arterial oxygen increases afferent discharge from the carotid bodies to the brainstem and thus delivers increased ventilatory drive, which restores oxygen supply and protects against hypoventilation and apnoea. However, the precise molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. We recently identified as critical to this process the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is key to the cell-autonomous regulation of metabolic homoeostasis. This observation is significant for many reasons, not least because recent studies suggest that the gene for the AMPK-α1 catalytic subunit has been subjected to natural selection in high-altitude populations. It would appear, therefore, that evolutionary pressures have led to AMPK being utilized to regulate oxygen delivery and thus energy supply to the body in the short, medium and longer term. Contrary to current consensus, however, our findings suggest that AMPK regulates ventilation at the level of the caudal brainstem, even when afferent input responses from the carotid body are normal. We therefore hypothesize that AMPK integrates local hypoxic stress at defined loci within the brainstem respiratory network with an index of peripheral hypoxic status, namely afferent chemosensory inputs. Allied to this, AMPK is critical to the control of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and thus ventilation–perfusion matching at the lungs and may also determine oxygen supply to the foetus by, for example, modulating utero-placental blood flow

Establishment of Agglomerations as the Basis for Solving the Problems of Modern Cities Development in Russia (by the Example of the Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration)

The article considers the need of agglomerative development for the purpose of solving the key problems of the Russian cities: traffic congestion, development of the real sector of economy (industry) and territorial planning. We analyze the basis of each of the above named problems and prove that it is impossible to find the solutions of the presented problems inside a particular megalopolis.Рассматрена необходимость агломеративного развития с целью решения ключевых проблем российских городов: транспортная перегруженность, развитие реального сектора экономики (промышленности), территориального планирования. Авторы статьи анализируют основы каждой из названных проблем и обосновывают идею о том, что решение представленных проблем сегодня невозможно внутри отдельно взятого мегаполиса