Integral ribs formed in metal panels by cold- press extrusion

Metal panels with integral ribs are formed by the cold-press extrusion method without material loss. Integral ribs in aluminum-alloy panels are formed by this process

Partitioning Variation in Measurements of Beef Carcass Traits Made Using Ultrasound

Ultrasound technology provides cattle breeders a relatively quick, non-invasive, and economical way to gather carcass data on live animals. Ultrasound provides the means to accurately predict body composition and develop estimated breeding values; however, national cattle genetic evaluations assume homogenous additive genetic and residual variances. These assumptions may be violated when estimating genetic merit for carcass traits by ultrasound because of differences in variance due to scanning technician and image interpretation laboratory. The objective of this study was to partition the phenotypic variance of measurements of carcass traits that were made using ultrasound into components attributable to additive genetic effects, scanning technician, contemporary group, and residual effects. Data for longissimus muscle area (LMA), percent intramuscular fat (IMF), and subcutaneous fat depth (SFD) were provided by the American Angus Association (AAA; N=65953), American Hereford Association (AHA; N=43180), and American Simmental Association (ASA; N=48298) representing a sample of animals scanned between 2015 to 2017. Data provided by each association included ultrasound carcass measurements, contemporary group, technician ID, imaging lab, and a three-generation pedigree for each animal. First, variance components for ultrasound carcass measurements were estimated with a univariate animal model for each breed and imaging laboratory separately by multiple trait derivative free restricted maximum likelihood. Genetic correlations between laboratories for longissimus muscle area, percent intramuscular fat, and subcutaneous fat were estimated with tri-variate animal models treating measurements from each image interpretation laboratory as a separate trait. Technician explained 12-27%, 5-23%, and 4-26% of variance for IMF, SFD and LMA respectively across all three breeds. Variance contributed by technician was often greater than variance contributed by additive genetics but almost always less than that explained by contemporary group. Genetic correlations between labs across breeds ranged from 0.79 to 0.95 for IMF, 0.26 to 0.94 for SFD and 0.78 to 0.98 for LMA. Most genetic correlations were relatively high (rg \u3e 0.80). Overall, both technician and imaging laboratory contributed to phenotypic variation of ultrasound carcass measurements

The Role of Traf2 in Zebrafish

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor 2 (Traf2) is suspected to be involved in the anti-apoptotic pathways of the innate immune system in the zebrafish. The expression of three different forms of Traf2, 2a1, 2a2, and 2b, was knocked down in pairs using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides in zebrafish embryos. A rescue was attempted by knocking down a potential receptor for the Traf2 to pathway. After infection with snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV), mortality was quantified and the apoptotic effects of each of the Traf2 genes was assessed. Cell death was quantified using the TUNEL technique. The findings indicated that at least two zebrafish Traf2 proteins were necessary for function. Increased mortality due to infection was not caused by an increased amount of virus in the Traf2 morphants or increased amount of apoptosis

How Do Different Levels of pH Affect the Growth of Heritage and Regular Radish Plants?

The purpose of this experiment was to discover how the pH levels in water affect heritage and regular radish mass. I predicted that if the pH levels are near neutral the plants mass will increase. PH solutions of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 were added to my regular and heritage plants over the course of several weeks. After using the pH solutions the radishes were pulled and massed to reveal the results. The results showed that the heritage pH 5 and regular pH 7 radishes grew best

Acquiring knowledge on species-specific biorealities: The applied evolutionary epistemological approach

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Brine-induced mortality of non-indigenous species in ballast water

Transoceanic vessels entering the Great Lakes are required to undergo ballast water exchange to reduce the risk of transporting non-indigenous species. Ballast water exchange effectively reduces invertebrate density and richness in ballast; however, an alternative treatment is required for non-compliant ships. Sodium chloride brine was proposed to treat residual and incompletely-exchanged ballast water. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the minimum brine treatment to exterminate \u3e95% of ballast water taxa. Invertebrate communities were exposed to a range of brine concentrations (15ppt to 115ppt) until complete mortality was reached. Biological evidence supports a one-hour exposure to 115ppt brine to treat ballast water. This treatment is broadly effective (\u3e99.9%) regardless of treatment temperature, taxonomic group, or species\u27 habitat salinity. A median of 0.00% (range 0.00-5.33) of individuals in ballast are expected to survive treatment, and the expected number of individuals released is within Canadian discharge standards. Before implementation, ship-scale trials are required

Derivative-Free King's Scheme for Multiple Zeros of Nonlinear Functions

[EN] There is no doubt that the fourth-order King's family is one of the important ones among its counterparts. However, it has two major problems: the first one is the calculation of the first-order derivative; secondly, it has a linear order of convergence in the case of multiple roots. In order to improve these complications, we suggested a new King's family of iterative methods. The main features of our scheme are the optimal convergence order, being free from derivatives, and working for multiple roots (m >= 2). In addition, we proposed a main theorem that illustrated the fourth order of convergence. It also satisfied the optimal Kung-Traub conjecture of iterative methods without memory. We compared our scheme with the latest iterative methods of the same order of convergence on several real-life problems. In accordance with the computational results, we concluded that our method showed superior behavior compared to the existing methods.This research was partially supported by the project PGC2018-095896-B-C22 of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.Behl, R.; Bhalla, S.; Martínez Molada, E.; Alsulami, MA. (2021). Derivative-Free King's Scheme for Multiple Zeros of Nonlinear Functions. Mathematics. 9(11):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9111242S11491

Advanced space engine preliminary design

A preliminary design was completed for an O2/H2, 89 kN (20,000 lb) thrust staged combustion rocket engine that has a single-bell nozzle with an overall expansion ratio of 400:1. The engine has a best estimate vacuum specific impulse of 4623.8 N-s/kg (471.5 sec) at full thrust and mixture ratio = 6.0. The engine employs gear-driven, low pressure pumps to provide low NPSH capability while individual turbine-driven, high-speed main pumps provide the system pressures required for high-chamber pressure operation. The engine design dry weight for the fixed-nozzle configuration is 206.9 kg (456.3 lb). Engine overall length is 234 cm (92.1 in.). The extendible nozzle version has a stowed length of 141.5 cm (55.7 in.). Critical technology items in the development of the engine were defined. Development program plans and their costs for development, production, operation, and flight support of the ASE were established for minimum cost and minimum time programs

Evolutionary Epistemology: Two Research Avenues, Three Schools, and A Single and Shared Agenda

This special issue for the Journal for General Philosophy of Science is devoted to exploring the impact and many ramifications of current research in evolutionary epistemology. Evolutionary epistemology is an inter- and multidisciplinary area of research that can be divided into two ever-inclusive research avenues. One research avenue expands on the EEM program and investigates the epistemology of evolution. The other research avenue builds on the EET program and researches the evolution of epistemology. Since its conception, EE has developed three schools of thought: adaptationist, non-adaptationist, and applied EE. Although diverse in outlook and theoretical background, these research avenues and schools share the same agenda of understanding how knowledge evolves, and how it relates to the world. In this paper, we first explain wherefrom evolutionary epistemological schools of thought developed, and then we highlight current debates in EE by briefly reviewing the papers that form part of this special issue