94 research outputs found

    La légionellose

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    Bien qu’on ne retrouve pas l’origine de la contamination dans la moitiĂ© des cas de lĂ©gionellose humaine, on sait que cette maladie est la consĂ©quence de la contamination presque obligatoire des rĂ©seaux d’installations d’eau chaude par Legionella pneumophila, et l’inhalation par l’homme de gouttelettes infectĂ©es. La pathologie consiste le plus souvent en une pneumopathie relativement grave. La maĂźtrise du niveau de contamination des diffĂ©rentes installations hydriques productrices d’aĂ©rosols est impĂ©rative pour Ă©viter les consĂ©quences sanitaires graves, qui ne peuvent ĂȘtre prĂ©venues par une action sur la cible humaine. La plupart des rĂ©servoirs actuellement identifiĂ©s sont les tours aĂ©rorĂ©frigĂ©rantes et les rĂ©seaux de distribution d’eau chaude. La prise en compte de ce risque dans les Ă©tablissements hospitaliers ou thermaux a conduit Ă  la mise en oeuvre de nombreuses mesures de dĂ©sinfection et de contrĂŽle, qui commencent Ă  montrer une certaine efficacitĂ© sur la survenue de nouveaux cas dans ces Ă©tablissements, aujourd’hui en nette diminution.Although one does not find the origin of the contamination in the human half of the cases of legionellosis, one knows that this disease is the consequence of the almost obligatory contamination of the networks of installations of hot water by Legionella pneumophila, and the inhalation by the man of infected droplets. Pathology generally consists of a relatively serious pneumopathy. The control of the level of contamination of the various producing hydrous installations of aerosols is imperative to avoid the serious medical consequences, which cannot be prevented by an action on the human target. The majority of the currently identified tanks are the air and cool towers and the distribution networks of hot water. The taking into account of this risk in the hospitals or thermal led to the implementation of many measurements of disinfection and control, which start to show a certain effectiveness on which has occurred of new cases in these establishments, today in clear reduction

    Electronic Sensors for Assessing Interactions between Healthcare Workers and Patients under Airborne Precautions

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    International audienceBackground: Direct observation has been widely used to assess interactions between healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients but is time-consuming and feasible only over short periods. We used a Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) system to automatically measure HCW-patient interactions. Methods: We equipped 50 patient rooms with fixed sensors and 111 HCW volunteers with mobile sensors in two clinical wards of two hospitals. For 3 months, we recorded all interactions between HCWs and 54 patients under airborne precautions for suspected (n=40) or confirmed (n=14) tuberculosis. Number and duration of HCW entries into patient rooms were collected daily. Concomitantly, we directly observed room entries and interviewed HCWs to evaluate their self- perception of the number and duration of contacts with tuberculosis patients. Results: After signal reconstruction, 5490 interactions were recorded between 82 HCWs and 54 tuberculosis patients during 404 days of airborne isolation. Median (interquartile range) interaction duration was 2.1 (0.8-4.4) min overall, 2.3 (0.8-5.0) in the mornings, 1.8 (0.8-3.7) in the afternoons, and 2.0 (0.7-4.3) at night (P,1024). Number of interactions/day/HCW was 3.0 (1.0-6.0) and total daily duration was 7.6 (2.4-22.5) min. Durations estimated from 28 direct observations and 26 interviews were not significantly different from those recorded by the network. Conclusions: The RFID was well accepted by HCWs. This original technique holds promise for accurately and continuously measuring interactions between HCWs and patients, as a less resource-consuming substitute for direct observation. The results could be used to model the transmission of significant pathogens. HCW perceptions of interactions with patients accurately reflected reality

    The Influence of Number and Timing of Pregnancies on Breast Cancer Risk for Women With BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutations

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    International audienceBACKGROUND:Full-term pregnancy (FTP) is associated with a reduced breast cancer (BC) risk over time, but women are at increased BC risk in the immediate years following an FTP. No large prospective studies, however, have examined whether the number and timing of pregnancies are associated with BC risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.METHODS:Using weighted and time-varying Cox proportional hazards models, we investigated whether reproductive events are associated with BC risk for mutation carriers using a retrospective cohort (5707 BRCA1 and 3525 BRCA2 mutation carriers) and a prospective cohort (2276 BRCA1 and 1610 BRCA2 mutation carriers), separately for each cohort and the combined prospective and retrospective cohort.RESULTS:For BRCA1 mutation carriers, there was no overall association with parity compared with nulliparity (combined hazard ratio [HRc] = 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83 to 1.18). Relative to being uniparous, an increased number of FTPs was associated with decreased BC risk (HRc = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.69 to 0.91; HRc = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.59 to 0.82; HRc = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.40 to 0.63, for 2, 3, and ≄4 FTPs, respectively, P trend < .0001) and increasing duration of breastfeeding was associated with decreased BC risk (combined cohort P trend = .0003). Relative to being nulliparous, uniparous BRCA1 mutation carriers were at increased BC risk in the prospective analysis (prospective hazard ration [HRp] = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.09 to 2.62). For BRCA2 mutation carriers, being parous was associated with a 30% increase in BC risk (HRc = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.69), and there was no apparent decrease in risk associated with multiparity except for having at least 4 FTPs vs. 1 FTP (HRc = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54 to 0.98).CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest differential associations with parity between BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with higher risk for uniparous BRCA1 carriers and parous BRCA2 carriers

    Correction to: Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy, natural menopause, and breast cancer risk: an international prospective cohort of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.

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    After publication of the original article [1], we were notified that columns in Table 2 were erroneously displayed

    Les CDAG et la prise en charge de l’infection par le VIH

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    En France, depuis 1988, des consultations de dĂ©pistage anonyme et gratuit (CDAG) du VIH ont Ă©tĂ© mises en place dans chaque dĂ©partement, pour permettre une dĂ©marche individuelle et volontaire de dĂ©pistage de l’infection par le VIH. Il existe actuellement plus de 380 CDAG dont les missions ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©guliĂšrement Ă©largies par les autoritĂ©s sanitaires. Elles doivent favoriser le dĂ©pistage prĂ©coce, faciliter l’accĂšs au dĂ©pistage des personnes prĂ©carisĂ©es et des personnes vulnĂ©rables aux risques, renforcer la prĂ©vention en aidant les consultants Ă  dĂ©finir une stratĂ©gie personnelle de prĂ©vention vis-Ă -vis du VIH, mais aussi du VHC, de la syphilis et des autres maladies sexuellement transmissibles. Elles doivent aussi renforcer le lien entre dĂ©pistage et prise en charge. Les CDAG drainent une population jeune, donc plus Ă  risque pour l’infection par le VIH que la population gĂ©nĂ©rale. Leur activitĂ© augmente rĂ©guliĂšrement, et leur taux de positivitĂ© du dĂ©pistage est double de celui des laboratoires d’analyse mĂ©dicale. Entre 1 000 et 2 000 diagnostics positifs d’infection par le VIH sont faits dans les CDAG chaque annĂ©e, ce qui reprĂ©sentait 11 % des sĂ©rologies positives Ă  l’échelle nationale en 2002. La connaissance de l’impact rĂ©el des CDAG sur la prĂ©vention de l’infection par le VIH et leur rĂŽle dans le dĂ©pistage sont limitĂ©s par l’anonymat et le type de recueil d’informations volontairement rĂ©duit. Pour mieux connaĂźtre la typologie des consultants, le recueil des donnĂ©es d’activitĂ© va Ă©voluer Ă  partir de 2004 et sera complĂ©tĂ© par une enquĂȘte Ă©pidĂ©miologique transversale et par la mise en place d’un rĂ©seau de CDAG assurant un recueil de donnĂ©es Ă©pidĂ©miologiques plus complet et continu

    Étude transversale des intentions de vaccination contre la grippe saisonniĂšre et la COVID-19 des professionnels de santĂ© : quels leviers pour la promotion vaccinale ?

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    International audienceIn France, a high vaccine coverage among healthcare workers against seasonal flu is an important public health objective, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic. We published an online questionnaire targeting all French healthcare workers investigating previous flu vaccination and intention for vaccination against the 2020-21 flu and COVID-19. The study invitation was disseminated through the GERES network during summer 2020. Among 3,556 participants, the majority worked in a hospital or nursing home setting.The results illustrate, for both vaccinations, the gradient of vaccine uptake across professional categories, higher among physicians than among nurses and weaker among nurse assistants. The results suggest that uptake could be improved by targeting promotion on healthcare workers who were occasionally vaccinated during past years and by improving access. Hypothetical acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination correlated with flu vaccination during recent years, even if performed sporadically.Une bonne couverture vaccinale des soignants contre la grippe saisonniĂšre est un objectif de santĂ© publique, en particulier dans le contexte de l’épidĂ©mie de Covid-19. Un questionnaire destinĂ© aux soignants exerçant en France a Ă©tĂ© mis en ligne et diffusĂ© par le rĂ©seau Geres durant l’étĂ© 2020. Les questions portaient sur leur statut vaccinal antigrippal antĂ©rieur et les raisons de vaccination ou non ainsi que sur leurs intentions vaccinales contre la grippe pour la pĂ©riode hivernale 2020-2021 et contre la Covid-19. 3 556 professionnels de santĂ© exerçant en majoritĂ© en Ă©tablissement de santĂ©, social ou mĂ©dico-social ont rĂ©pondu.Les rĂ©sultats reflĂštent, pour les deux vaccinations, le gradient professionnel d’adhĂ©sion Ă  la vaccination, plus fort chez les mĂ©decins que chez les infirmiers et moins fort chez les aides-soignants. L’analyse rĂ©vĂšle qu’il serait possible d’amĂ©liorer la couverture vaccinale antigrippale en ciblant les personnels vaccinĂ©s occasionnellement au cours des derniĂšres annĂ©es et en amĂ©liorant l’accĂšs Ă  la vaccination. L’acceptation thĂ©orique de la vaccination contre la Covid-19 apparaĂźt corrĂ©lĂ©e Ă  la vaccination antigrippale mĂȘme pratiquĂ©e sporadiquement

    Le cas des céramiques indiennes et indianisantes du site archéologique de Khao Sam Kaeo (Thaïlande péninsulaire) - IVe-IIe s. av. J.-C. : QuatriÚme Journée du Monde Iranien du laboratoire "Mondes Iranien et Indien" (CNRS - UMR 7528).

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    Corpus "AAR"La JOURNEE MONDE INDIEN est organisĂ©e tous les ans au printemps. L’unitĂ© de recherche "Monde iranien et indien" prĂ©sente Ă  cette occasion, une sĂ©rie d’interventions en rapport avec les recherches en cours sur le monde indien, aux Ă©poques ancienne et mĂ©diĂ©vale. Organisateurs de la journĂ©e : BĂ©rĂ©nice BELLINA et Claudine BAUZE-PICRON, ChargĂ©es de Recherche UMR 7528 - Mondes iranien et indien. « Mondes iranien et indien » (UMR 7528) Ă©tudie les langues, la littĂ©rature, l’histoire et les sociĂ©tĂ©s des aires culturelles iranienne et indienne, de l’AntiquitĂ© Ă  nos jours. L’unitĂ© rĂ©unit une trentaine de chercheurs CNRS et enseignants-chercheurs (Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris3, INaLCO, EPHE, etc.). Elle comprend en outre cinq ITA (ingĂ©nieurs et personnels techniques et administratifs), une trentaine de chercheurs associĂ©s (français et Ă©trangers), une dizaine de post-doctorants associĂ©s ainsi qu’une cinquantaine de doctorants.

    Le cas des céramiques indiennes et indianisantes du site archéologique de Khao Sam Kaeo (Thaïlande péninsulaire) - IVe-IIe s. av. J.-C. : IVe journée MONDE INDIEN (2009) - "Mondes Iranien et Indien" (CNRS - UMR 7528).

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    Corpus "AAR"La JOURNEE MONDE INDIEN est organisĂ©e tous les ans au printemps. L’unitĂ© de recherche "Monde iranien et indien" prĂ©sente Ă  cette occasion, une sĂ©rie d’interventions en rapport avec les recherches en cours sur le monde indien, aux Ă©poques ancienne et mĂ©diĂ©vale. Organisateurs de la journĂ©e : BĂ©rĂ©nice BELLINA et Claudine BAUZE-PICRON, ChargĂ©es de Recherche UMR 7528 - Mondes iranien et indien. « Mondes iranien et indien » (UMR 7528) Ă©tudie les langues, la littĂ©rature, l’histoire et les sociĂ©tĂ©s des aires culturelles iranienne et indienne, de l’AntiquitĂ© Ă  nos jours. L’unitĂ© rĂ©unit une trentaine de chercheurs CNRS et enseignants-chercheurs (Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris3, INaLCO, EPHE, etc.). Elle comprend en outre cinq ITA (ingĂ©nieurs et personnels techniques et administratifs), une trentaine de chercheurs associĂ©s (français et Ă©trangers), une dizaine de post-doctorants associĂ©s ainsi qu’une cinquantaine de doctorants.

    Analyzing the 7C psychological antecedents of vaccine acceptance throughout the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare sector workers in France: A repeated cross-sectional study (CappVac-Cov)

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    International audienceBackground: Across various stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and related vaccine recommendations in France, we assessed the association of the 7C-psychological antecedents with vaccine uptake/intention for booster vaccination among healthcare-sector workers (HCSWs). We also assessed whether 7C-antecedent profiles changed over time.Methodology: The Research Group for the Prevention of Occupational Infections in Healthcare Workers (GERES) conducted three repeated web-surveys which were disseminated by email chain-referral among HCSWs throughout France. The questionnaires waves took place: July-November 2021, February-March 2022 and January-March 2023 (P2, P3 and P4). We also reanalysed data from a prior similar study conducted late 2020-early 2021 (Moirangthem et al. (2022)) (P1). To evaluate the association of 7C-items with vaccine uptake-intention for future vaccination, we estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) using robust variance Poisson regression. We report the 7C-item population attributable loss in vaccine intention.Results: The four surveys (P1-P4) encompassed 5234, 339, 351 and 437 participants. At earlier stages of the vaccine campaign, the principal antecedents of vaccine intention were favorable perception of vaccination benefit-risk-balance (BRB) (vs. unfavorable, aPR: 2.32), reactance to employer encouragement for vaccination (motivates vs. dissuades-me, aPR:2.23), vaccine confidence (vs. not-being-confident, aPR: 1.71) and social conformism towards vaccination (favorable vs. skeptical opinion in private environment, aPR: 1.33). Under a vaccine mandate for HCSWs, only perceiving vaccination as a collective action was associated with current vaccine status (agree vs. disagree, aPR: 2.19). At later stages of the epidemic, hypothetical booster vaccine intentions were strongly associated with BRB perception (favorable vs. unfavorable, aPR: 2.07) and perceiving vaccination as a collective action (agree vs. disagree, aPR: 1.69). Fearing a severe side effect from vaccination decreased population vaccine intention by 26.2 %.Conclusion: Our results suggest that both 7C-antecedents and their association with vaccine behaviour can change over time, and underscore the importance of assuring confidence in vaccine safety
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