Meandering Structures | A Theatrical Take on Sonorous Environments

This project studies the distinct patterns of sound created by specific activities on our day to day lives. Ways in which these sounds travel and impact the receptor will directly influence how this project performs and reacts to a given source\u27s stimuli. Once this is understood, the environment of the final proposal will be more easily manipulated into a reflective and absorptive form which molds itself in order to provide more adequate clarity to its audience. This flexible form is applied as an interior skin for a travelling theater supplying a myriad of performing arts and musical acts as determined by a client. All portions of this travelling theater shall be constructed as a kit of parts which can be assembled and disassembled on site in a given arrangement according to the intended acoustic program. Through configuring the supporting structure and interior skin, this proposal seeks to be adaptable to numerous sonorous environments from concerts to lectures and even social functions

Internationalization of Family Businesses in Saudi Arabia

Family businesses represent a key economical asset in the global economy. Leaders of family businesses have implemented internationalization as a key strategy to enhance sustainability and increase profitability in a hypercompetitive global marketplace. Guided by the Uppsala model, the purpose of this case study was to explore how Saudi family business leaders have planned and implemented internationalization. Three leaders from different international Saudi family businesses participated in semistructured interviews. The participants described their experience in achieving successful internationalization for their family businesses. After analyzing the interview data and validating through member checking, 3 main themes emerged: (a) the characteristics of the family business to compete internationally, (b) the characteristics of a suitable international market for family businesses to internationalize, and (c) the characteristics of a successful internationalization opportunity for a Saudi family business. In order to internationalize, Saudi family business leaders identified having a proper strategy, financial capability, qualified resources, well-structured policies, and globally-standardized products or services. Family business leaders should target the international market that is stable, that is secure with regulations, and that is welcoming to foreign investments. Each internationalization opportunity should have close psychic distance, available relationships in the international market, targeted family business motives, demonstrated existing market demand with the ability to satisfy, and proper timing. The findings may promote social change in Saudi family businesses by identifying essential characteristics to maintain the companies\u27 existence and offer a roadmap to compete internationally

Human Intestinal Organoids and Microphysiological Systems for Modeling Radiotoxicity and Assessing Radioprotective Agents

Radiotherapy is a commonly employed treatment for colorectal cancer, yet its radiotoxicity-related impact on healthy tissues raises significant health concerns. This highlights the need to use radioprotective agents to mitigate these side effects. This review presents the current landscape of human translational radiobiology, outlining the limitations of existing models and proposing engineering solutions. We delve into radiotherapy principles, encompassing mechanisms of radiation-induced cell death and its influence on normal and cancerous colorectal cells. Furthermore, we explore the engineering aspects of microphysiological systems to represent radiotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and how to include the gut microbiota to study its role in treatment failure and success. This review ultimately highlights the main challenges and future pathways in translational research for pelvic radiotherapy-induced toxicity. This is achieved by developing a humanized in vitro model that mimics radiotherapy treatment conditions. An in vitro model should provide in-depth analyses of host-gut microbiota interactions and a deeper understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms of radioprotective food supplements. Additionally, it would be of great value if these models could produce high-throughput data using patient-derived samples to address the lack of human representability to complete clinical trials and improve patients’ quality of life

Arcobacter butzleri: Underestimated Enteropathogen

Molecular methods applied to 2,855 strains of Campylobacter-like organisms received from a surveillance network of Campylobacter infections in France identified 29 Arcobacter butzleri infections. This species ranks fourth for Campylobacteraceae isolation and appears to have the same pathogenic potential as the other species in the genus

Incidence of childhood leukaemia in the vicinity of nuclear sites in France, 1990–1998

Overall, 670 cases (O) of childhood leukaemia were diagnosed within 20 km of the 29 French nuclear installations between 1990 and 1998 compared to an expected number (E) of 729.09 cases (O/E=0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI)=[0.85-0.99]). Each of the four areas defined around the sites showed non significant deficits of cases (0-5 km: O=65, O/E=0.87, CI=[0.67-1.10]; 5-10 km: O=165, O/E=0.95, CI=[0.81-1.10]; 10-15 km: O=220, O/E=0.88, CI=[0.77-1.00]; 15-20 km: O=220, O/E=0.96, CI=[0.84-1.10]). There was no evidence of a trend in standardised incidence ratio with distance from the sites for all children or for any of the three age groups studied. Similar results were obtained when the start-up year of the electricity-generating nuclear sites and their electric nuclear power were taken into account. No evidence was found of a generally increased risk of childhood leukaemia around the 29 French nuclear sites under study during 1990-1998

Frequently asked questions about chlorophyll fluorescence, the sequel

[EN] Using chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence many aspects of the photosynthetic apparatus can be studied, both in vitro and, noninvasively, in vivo. Complementary techniques can help to interpret changes in the Chl a fluorescence kinetics. Kalaji et al. (Photosynth Res 122: 121-158, 2014a) addressed several questions about instruments, methods and applications based on Chl a fluorescence. Here, additionalChl a fluorescence-related topics are discussed again in a question and answer format. Examples are the effect of connectivity on photochemical quenching, the correction of F-V/F-M values for PSI fluorescence, the energy partitioning concept, the interpretation of the complementary area, probing the donor side of PSII, the assignment of bands of 77 K fluorescence emission spectra to fluorescence emitters, the relationship between prompt and delayed fluorescence, potential problems when sampling tree canopies, the use of fluorescence parameters in QTL studies, the use of Chl a fluorescence in biosensor applications and the application of neural network approaches for the analysis of fluorescence measurements. The answers draw on knowledge fromdifferent Chl a fluorescence analysis domains, yielding in several cases new insights.Kalaji, H.; Schansker, G.; Brestic, M.; Bussotti, F.; Calatayud, A.; Ferroni, L.; Goltsev, V.... (2017). Frequently asked questions about chlorophyll fluorescence, the sequel. 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Support Structures in Social Entrepreneurship Ecosystems: Comparing the Swedish and the French Environments.

This thesis compares the Swedish and the French social entrepreneurship ecosystems. After an examination of the definitions and current legal frameworks around social enterprises in each country, their levels of social entrepreneurship activity are compared. The existing support structures providing non-financial help to social entrepreneurs (i.e. incubators, accelerators, co-working spaces and networks) are identified in Paris and in Stockholm, while perceptions from social entrepreneurs benefiting from such support were gathered through interviews. Findings show that the concept of social enterprise is more recognized and legally defined in France than in Sweden. Social entrepreneurship activity seems to be hard to quantify and compare, due to a lack of data available. Support structures appear to be well developed both in Paris and in Stockholm, while the support provided is overall quite appreciated by social entrepreneurs. Furthermore, many of them perceive their support needs as rather different from those of traditional entrepreneurs. Results tend to show that although developing in practice, social entrepreneurship remains a young academic field. Stakeholders from the field have much to gain from extended research on the topic

Gestion de données manquantes dans des cascades de boosting : application à la détection de visages

This thesis has been realized in the ISPR group (ImageS, Perception systems and Robotics) of the Institut Pascal with the ComSee team (Computers that See). My research is involved in a project called Bio Rafale. It was created by the compagny Vesalis in 2008 and it is funded by OSEO. Its goal is to improve the security in stadium using identification of dangerous fans. The applications of these works deal with face detection. It is the first step in the process chain of the project. Most efficient detectors use a cascade of boosted classifiers. The term cascade refers to a sequential succession of several classifiers. The term boosting refers to a set of learning algorithms that linearly combine several weak classifiers. The detector selected for this thesis also uses a cascade of boosted classifiers. The training of such a cascade needs a training database and an image feature. Here, covariance matrices are used as image feature. The limits of an object detector are fixed by its training stage. One of our contributions is to adapt an object detector to handle some of its limits. The proposed adaptations lead to a problem of classification with missing data. A probabilistic formulation of a cascade is then used to incorporate the uncertainty introduced by the missing data. This formulation involves the estimation of a posteriori probabilities and the computation of new rejection thresholds at each level of the modified cascade. For these two problems, several solutions are proposed and extensive tests are done to find the best configuration. Finally, our solution is applied to the detection of turned or occluded faces using just an uprigth face detector. Detecting the turned faces requires the use of a 3D geometric model to adjust the position of the subwindow associated with each weak classifier.Ce mémoire présente les travaux réalisés dans le cadre de ma thèse. Celle-ci a été menée dans le groupe ISPR (ImageS, Perception systems and Robotics) de l’Institut Pascal au sein de l’équipe ComSee (Computers that See). Ces travaux s’inscrivent dans le cadre du projet Bio Rafale initié par la société clermontoise Vesalis et financé par OSEO. Son but est d’améliorer la sécurité dans les stades en s’appuyant sur l’identification des interdits de stade. Les applications des travaux de cette thèse concernent la détection de visages. Elle représente la première étape de la chaîne de traitement du projet. Les détecteurs les plus performants utilisent une cascade de classifieurs boostés. La notion de cascade fait référence à une succession séquentielle de plusieurs classifieurs. Le boosting, quant à lui, représente un ensemble d’algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique qui combinent linéairement plusieurs classifieurs faibles. Le détecteur retenu pour cette thèse utilise également une cascade de classifieurs boostés. L’apprentissage d’une telle cascade nécessite une base d’apprentissage ainsi qu’un descripteur d’images. Cette description des images est ici assurée par des matrices de covariance. La phase d’apprentissage d’un détecteur d’objets détermine ces conditions d’utilisation. Une de nos contributions est d’adapter un détecteur à des conditions d’utilisation non prévues par l’apprentissage. Les adaptations visées aboutissent à un problème de classification avec données manquantes. Une formulation probabiliste de la structure en cascade est alors utilisée pour incorporer les incertitudes introduites par ces données manquantes. Cette formulation nécessite l’estimation de probabilités a posteriori ainsi que le calcul de nouveaux seuils à chaque niveau de la cascade modifiée. Pour ces deux problèmes, plusieurs solutions sont proposées et de nombreux tests sont effectués pour déterminer la meilleure configuration. Enfin, les applications suivantes sont présentées : détection de visages tournés ou occultés à partir d’un détecteur de visages de face. L’adaptation du détecteur aux visages tournés nécessite l’utilisation d’un modèle géométrique 3D pour ajuster les positions des sous-fenêtres associées aux classifieurs faibles