Conflit foncier du Goin-Débé à Guiglo en Côte d’Ivoire : Fantôme ethnicisé de la guerre post-électorale ivoirienne de 2010

L’étude s’intéresse à l’épineuse question des conflits fonciers à Guiglo et dans le Goin-Débé, en Côte d’Ivoire.Cette région est le théâtre d’affrontements meurtriers opposantsles autochtones Guéré, aux allochtones Agni et Baoulé et allogènes Lobi et Mossi. Ces conflits s’apparentent à de simples crises de cohésion sociale autour du foncier, mais à les saisir comme des choses au sens durkheimien du terme, l’on s’aperçoit qu’ils ne sont rien d’autre que des fantômes de la guerre post-électorale ivoirienne de 2010. À partir d’étude qualitative conduite dans le département de Guiglo entre décembre 2017 et février 2018, l'article a montré que les conflits fonciers dans cette partie du pays, ne sont qu’une réapparition de la guerre post-électorale de 2010. Les causes et caractéristiques de ces conflits ainsi que leurs formes et manifestations, achèvent de convaincre que la guerre post-electorale de 2010, se réinvente en conflits fonciers à Guiglo. The study focuses on the thorny issue of land conflicts in Guiglo and Goin-Débé, Côte d'Ivoire. This region is the scene of deadly clashes between the indigenous Guéré, the non-indigenous Agni and Baoulé and the nonindigenous Lobi and Mossi. These conflicts resemble simple crises of social cohesion around the land issue, but if we grasp them as things in the Durkheimian sense of the term, we realize that they are nothing more than ghosts of the post-electoral war in Côte d'Ivoire in 2010. Based on a qualitative study conducted in the department of Guiglo between December 2017 and February 2018, the article showed that land conflicts in this part of the country are nothing more than a reappearance of the 2010 post-election war. The causes and characteristics of these conflicts, as well as their forms and manifestations, complete to convince that the post-electoral war of 2010 is being reinvented as land conflicts in Guiglo

The therapeutic Delta-equivalence. The large sample case

Projet SYSTOLSeveral approaches are given in the literature for therapeutic equivalence (the two one-sided test approach, the power approach, the confidence and Westlake intervals approaches, the UMP test approach) yielding distinct definitions. This paper is aimed at passing beyond this heterogeneity in order to propose a standard definition of therapeutic equivalence. We firstly show that there can be no absolute definition, and that we have to define \Dvalence, where \Dis a thresholdrdrd that has to be chosen from clinical considerations. Then we study the links and inconsistenci- es of the different approaches in the case of large samples (which allows us to come back to calculations with normal distributions). From the obtained results, we are able to propose the two one-sided test definition as a standard definition. We replace the p-value computation by that of an a posteriori limit value of $\Ds standard -i- definition is simple, it is identical to the UMP test definition in case of one-sided equivalence, and it is close to it in case of two-sided equivalence. We finally propose a strategy for equivalence trials and we initiate the discussion on the medical areas where equivalence should be investigated

De L’Innovation Technologique et Sociale dans les Mecanismes de Declaration des Naissances et Deces dans les Delais chez les populations de la Region de la Nawa (Cote d’Ivore)

This paper focuses on new mechanisms for the timely registration of births and deaths in Côte d'Ivoire. Through the practical case of the Nawa people's region in the southwest of the country, this socio-anthropological study aims to test the social significance of this technological innovation in the civil registration system in general, and in particular, the birth and death dimension. It took place from February to May 2018 and involved a sample of two hundred and five (205) participants, which was made up of administrative authorities, customary authorities, and populations from the target localities. This survey population was selected using accidental sampling and reasoned choice techniques. The study was carried out using questionnaires and interview guides. The results revealed that most populations have expressed their support for the new mechanisms for the timely declaration of births and deaths. This means that, presently, it is the institution that converges towards social issues (or civil status administration that converges towards populations) through Community Collection Points (CCPs) and Health Collection Points (HCPs). This, however, has not existed before. Thus, as a positive outcome, the control of births and deaths occurring in real time in the study area is noted. Above all, these new mechanisms have made it possible to bypass the forms of harassment in the declaration of civil status facts.Cette étude s’est intéressée aux nouveaux mécanismes de déclaration des naissances et décès dans les délais en Côte d’Ivoire. A travers le cas pratique de la région des populations de la Nawa, au Sud-Ouest du pays, la présente étude socio-anthropologique vise à tester la portée sociale de cette innovation technologique dans le système d’enregistrement des faits d’état civil en général, et particulièrement, la dimension des naissances et décès. Elle s’est déroulée de Février à Mai 2018 et a mobilisé un échantillon de deuxcent-cinq (205) participants, constitués d’autorités administratives, coutumières et populations des localités cibles. Cette population d’enquête a été choisie selon les techniques d’échantillonnage accidentel et de choix raisonné et investiguée à l’aide de questionnaires et de guides d’entretien. Les résultats ont révélé que la plupart des populations ont marqué leur adhésion aux nouveaux mécanismes de déclaration des naissances et décès dans les délais en ce sens que, désormais, c’est l’institutionnel qui converge vers le social (ou l'administration de l'état civil qui converge vers les populations) par l’entremise des Points de Collecte Communautaires (PCC) et Points de Collecte Sanitaires (PCS), chose qui autrefois, n’existait pas. Ainsi, l’on note à titre de retombée positive, la maitrise des naissances et décès survenant en temps réel dans la zone d’étude mais également et surtout, ces nouveaux mécanismes ont permis de contourner les formes de tracasseries dans la déclaration des faits d’état civil

Robot-based tele-echography: clinical evaluation of the TER system in abdominal aortic exploration

OBJECTIVE: The TER system is a robot-based tele-echography system allowing remote ultrasound examination. The specialist moves a mock-up of the ultrasound probe at the master site, and the robot reproduces the movements of the real probe, which sends back ultrasound images and force feedback. This tool could be used to perform ultrasound examinations in small health care centers or from isolated sites. The objective of this study was to prove, under real conditions, the feasibility and reliability of the TER system in detecting abdominal aortic and iliac aneurysms. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients were included in 2 centers in Brest and Grenoble, France. The remote examination was compared with the reference standard, the bedside examination, for aorta and iliac artery diameter measurement, detection and description of aneurysms, detection of atheromatosis, the duration of the examination, and acceptability. RESULTS: All aneurysms (8) were detected by both techniques as intramural thrombosis and extension to the iliac arteries. The interobserver correlation coefficient was 0.982 (P < .0001) for aortic diameters. The rate of concordance between 2 operators in evaluating atheromatosis was 84% +/- 11% (95% confidence interval). CONCLUSIONS: Our study on 58 patients suggests that the TER system could be a reliable, acceptable, and effective robot-based system for performing remote abdominal aortic ultrasound examinations. Research is continuing to improve the equipment for general abdominal use

Clinical impact of the disposable ventouse iCup® versus a metallic vacuum cup: a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Experimental Protocole. (DOCX 55 kb

Towards Explainable Predictive Models for Electronic Health Records

Early identification of patients at risk of developing complications during their hospital stay is currently a challenging issue in healthcare. Complications include hospitalacquired infections, admissions to intensive care units, and in-hospital mortality. Being able to accurately predict the patients' outcomes is a crucial prerequisite for tailoring the care that certain patients receive, if it is believed that they will do poorly without additional intervention. We consider the problem of complication risk prediction, such as inpatient mortality, from the electronic health records of the patients. We study the question of making predictions on the first day at the hospital, and of making updated mortality predictions day after day during the patient's stay. We develop distributed models that are scalable and interpretable. Key insights include analysing diagnoses known at admission and drugs served, which evolve during the hospital stay. We leverage a distributed architecture to learn interpretable models from training datasets of gigantic size. We test our analyses with more than one million of patients from hundreds of hospitals, and report on the lessons learned from these experiments

Patient referral is influenced by dialysis centre structure in the Diamant Alpin Dialysis cohort study

Background. Late referral (LR) to the nephrologist of patients with progressing chronic kidney disease (CKD) has numerous deleterious effects and is observed in many countries. The contributing factors associated with LR are controversial and poorly defined. We hypothesized that these factors might be better identified by analysing patients starting dialysis in three distinct European countries within the same area. Method. The referral and progression of kidney failure patterns were analysed with demographic, clinical and biological data in 279 non-selected consecutive patients starting dialysis in eight centres of three adjacent regions in France, Italy and Switzerland. Results. Early referral (>6 months before the start of dialysis) was seen in 200 patients (71.6%), intermediate referral (1-6 months) in 42 (15.1%) and LR (<1 month) in 37 (13.3%). However inter-centre variations were between 2 and 19% for LR and 6-50% for combined late and intermediate referral. There were no differences at the national levels, but LR was more frequent in the large city centres than in the private or regional structures, with 31 out of 169 (18.3%), two out of 55 (5.4%) and four out of 55 (7.3%), respectively, of their patients (P<0.01). By multivariate analysis, it appears that, besides the presence of an active cancer and the CKD progression rate, the centre structure and the referring physician (primary care physicians and nephrologists are less responsible for LR than other medical specialists) play a significant role in the practice of LR. Conclusions. Within a dialysis cohort spread over adjacent regions of three countries, LR has the same global distribution pattern, indicating that different health and social security systems do not play a major role in inducing or preventing this practice. The contributing factors for LR that were identified are the type of the referring physician and the structure of the dialysis unit. Both factors are potential targets for an educational and collaborative approac

Empirical model for rapid macroseismic intensities prediction in Guadeloupe and Martinique Modèle empirique pour la prédiction rapide des intensités macrosismiques en Guadeloupe et Martinique

International audienceWe describe a simple model for prediction of macroseismic intensities adapted to Guadeloupe and Martinique (Lesser Antilles), based on a combination of peak ground acceleration (PGA) predictive equation and a forward relation between acceleration and intensity. The PGA predictive equation is built from a 3-parameter functional form constrained by measurements from permanent accelerometer stations, mostly associated with Les Saintes crustal earthquake (21/11/2004, Mw = 6:3) and its many aftershocks. The forward intensity model is checked on a database of recent instrumental events of various origins with magnitudes 1.6 to 7.4, distances from 4 to 300 km, and observed intensities from I to VIII. Global sigma residual equals 0.8 in the MSK scale, suggesting a larger applicability range than the intermediate PGA predictive equation. The model is presently used by the French Lesser Antilles observatories to produce automatic reports for earthquakes potentially felt

Differential activity of methylene blue against erythrocytic and hepatic stages of Plasmodium

Background: In the context of malaria elimination/eradication, drugs that are effective against the different developmental stages of the parasite are highly desirable. The oldest synthetic anti-malarial drug, the thiazine dye methylene blue (MB), is known for its activity against Plasmodium blood stages, including gametocytes. The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible effect of MB against malaria parasite liver stages. Methods: MB activity was investigated using both in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro assays consisted of testing MB activity on Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium yoelii parasites in human, simian or murine primary hepatocytes, respectively. MB in vivo activity was evaluated using intravital imaging in BALB/c mice infected with a transgenic bioluminescent P. yoelii parasite line. The transmission-blocking activity of MB was also addressed using mosquitoes fed on MB-treated mice. Results: MB shows no activity on Plasmodium liver stages, including hypnozoites, in vitro in primary hepatocytes. In BALB/c mice, MB has moderate effect on P. yoelii hepatic development but is highly effective against blood stage growth. MB is active against gametocytes and abrogates parasite transmission from mice to mosquitoes. Conclusion: While confirming activity of MB against both sexual and asexual blood stages, the results indicate that MB has only little activity on the development of the hepatic stages of malaria parasites