31 research outputs found

    Estudo da inversão catastrófica e transicional de emulsões de óleo de soja com diferentes tensoativos

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    Resumo: RESUMO As emulsões estão presentes na indústria de alimentos, tanto como ingredientes quanto como produtos finais. A inversão de fases ocorre quando uma emulsão óleo em água (O/A) inverte para água em óleo (A/O), ou vice-versa. Quando esta inversão ocorre pela adição da fase interna é chamada inversão catastrófica. Quando ocorre pela mudança de afinidade do tensoativo é denominada transicional. A inversão de fases de uma emulsão pode ser desejável, como para fabricação de manteiga, ou indesejável, quando um produto perde suas características devido a este fenômeno. Neste contexto, torna-se interessante estudar os fatores que influenciam a inversão, a fim de determinar condições de processamento e formulação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar vários aspectos em emulsões preparadas com óleo de soja, entre eles: a temperatura de inversão de fases em emulsões preparadas com os tensoativos Tween 80 e Span 80; o comportamento de emulsões estabilizadas com amido de milho modificado com octenilsuccinato (AMMO); a inversão catastrófica de emulsões preparadas a 2 e 5 % (m/v) de lecitina e de Tween 80 com agitação de 4000 e 9000 rpm; e o comportamento reológico das emulsões estudadas na inversão catastrófica. Para as emulsões com AMMO e inversão catastrófica foram analisadas condutividade, estabilidade, comportamento reológico e microscopia. A temperatura de inversão de fases encontrada para o Tween 80 foi superior à encontrada para o Span 80. As emulsões preparadas com amido apresentaram maior estabilidade quanto maior a quantidade de AMMO adicionada, e com até 6 % (m/v) de AMMO apresentaram comportamento reológico Newtoniano, a partir desta concentração o comportamento apresentado foi pseudoplástico. As emulsões preparadas com 2 % (m/v) de lecitina apresentaram intervalo de inversão de 80 a 82,5 % (v/v) de fase aquosa, enquanto que as preparadas com 5 % (m/v) apresentaram intervalo de inversão entre 82,5 e 85 % (v/v). A agitação não influenciou o intervalo de inversão para a lecitina. A faixa de quantidade de fase aquosa para a inversão das emulsões preparadas com Tween 80 foi menor do que a observada para emulsões com lecitina. A agitação teve maior influência do que a concentração do tensoativo quando preparadas emulsões com Tween 80. As emulsões preparadas com velocidade de agitação de 4000 rpm inverteram no intervalo de 82,5 a 85 % (v/v) de fase aquosa, enquanto que as preparadas a 9000 rpm tiveram seu intervalo de inversão entre 85 e 87,5 % (v/v). As emulsões preparadas com 2 % (m/v) de Tween 80 apresentaram maior estabilidade do que as com 2 % (m/v) de lecitina. Na análise do comportamento reológico, as emulsões com Tween 80 e lecitina apresentaram comportamento pseudoplástico e ajuste ao modelo de Herschel-Bulkley. Na análise oscilatória, as emulsões preparadas com lecitina tiveram comportamento de gel rígido, enquanto que as preparadas com Tween 80 apresentaram comportamento correspondente a solução concentrada, na região de frequência analisada. Portanto, conhecer como cada tensoativo atua nas emulsões é importante para determinar condições de formulação e produção que possibilitem que o produto final possua as características desejadas

    BTN3A2 Expression in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Is Associated with Higher Tumor Infiltrating T Cells and a Better Prognosis

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    BTN3A2/BT3.2 butyrophilin mRNA expression by tumoral cells was previously identified as a prognostic factor in a small cohort of high grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer (HG-EOC). Here, we evaluated the prognostic value of BT3.2 at the protein level in specimen from 199 HG-EOC patients. As the only known role of butyrophilin proteins is in immune regulation, we evaluated the association between BT3.2 expression and intratumoral infiltration of immune cells by immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies against BT3.2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68 and CD206. Epithelial BT3.2 expression was significantly associated with longer overall survival and lower risk of disease progression (HR = 0.651, p = 0.006 and HR = 0.642, p = 0.002, respectively) and significantly associated with a higher density of infiltrating T cells, particularly CD4+ cells (0.272, p<0.001). We also observed a strong association between the relative density of CD206+ cells, as evaluated by the ratio of intratumoral CD206+/CD68+ expression, and risk of disease progression (HR = 1.355 p = 0.044, respectively). In conclusion, BT3.2 protein is a potential prognostic biomarker for the identification of HG-EOC patients with better outcome. In contrast, high CD206+/CD68+ expression is associated with high risk of disease progression. While the role of BT3.2 is still unknown, our result suggest that BT3.2 expression by epithelial cells may modulates the intratumoral infiltration of immune cells

    Hepatic artery reconstruction with inferior mesenteric vein graft in pediatric living donor liver transplantation

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    We report a transplant of the left lateral liver segments with two arteries for a pediatric recipient from a live donor. A six-month-old female patient was diagnosed with liver cirrhosis secondary to biliary atresia and scheduled for LDLT (father as donor). Left lateral hepatectomy was performed at the donor site. The dissection of the left HA, which divided immediately after its origin, showed two branches for segments II and III. The artery for segment III was anastomosed to the recipient HA. The artery for segment II was too short for direct anastomosis with the gastroduodenal artery. After an unsuccessful attempt to use of the recipient's saphenous vein, the recipient's IMV was used as an interposition graft. No post-operative complications were observed. The outcome of this case demonstrates that left lateral segments with two arteries can be successfully used if proper surgical techniques are applied. From this experience we can recommend the IMV as an alternative to the saphenous vein for an interposition graft. Copyright � 2008 Blackwell Munksgaard

    Value of immunohistochemistry in the detection of BRAF(V600E) mutations in fine-needle aspiration biopsies of papillary thyroid carcinoma

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    BACKGROUND: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is important in the diagnostic establishment of suspicious thyroid nodules. In thyroid neoplasms, mutation of the BRAF gene occurs rather exclusively in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and results in > 98% of the cases in V600E amino acid substitution. In the current study, the authors investigated the diagnostic value of a recently described monoclonal antibody that detects this specific mutation on FNAB specimens from patients with PTC. METHODS: BRAF(V600E) status of FNAB cell blocks from 55 patients with PTC was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with the new BRAF(V600E) antibody (clone VE1) and by Sanger sequencing (SaS). In discrepant cases, ultra-deep sequencing was also performed. Available corresponding histological specimens were investigated by IHC and, in selected cases, with SaS as well. RESULTS: All cases yielded evaluable IHC staining results of the cell block sections with good interobserver agreement (kappa value, 0.650). Ten tumors (18.2%) demonstrated no staining, 10 tumors (18.2%) demonstrated equivocal staining, 25 tumors (45.4%) demonstrated moderate staining, and 10 tumors (18.2%) demonstrated strong staining. SaS was able to be performed in 48 cases. Nineteen cases demonstrated wild-type BRAF and 29 cases were found to have the BRAF(V600E) mutation. After performing ultra-deep sequencing 1 false-positive and 2 false-negative VE1 IHC cases remained, resulting in a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 93.8%. CONCLUSIONS: BRAF(V600E) mutations in FNAB specimens from patients with PTC can be reliably detected in most cases by IHC with a new mutation-specific antibody. Interpretation of VE1 IHC staining results on cell block slides of PTC can be difficult in some cases.. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society
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