Pattern-basierte Definition der Datenbereitstellung für Simulationen zu Strukturänderungen in Knochen

Workflows haben sich im Business Bereich bereits seit langem bewährt. Nun werden sie auch im wissenschaftlichen Bereich immer häufiger eingesetzt. Eines der Haupteinsatzgebiete ist die Modellierung von Simulationsabläufen. Oftmals müssen dabei riesige Datensätze in unterschiedlichen Formaten für die Simulationsumgebung bereitgestellt und in passende Formate transformiert werden. Dies führt dazu, dass sich Wissenschaftler nicht mehr auf ihre Kernkompetenzen konzentrieren können und erhöht das Risiko von Fehlern bei der Umsetzung der Datenbereitstellung. Eine Möglichkeit dieses Problem zu lösen sind sogenannte Workflow Patterns. Patterns reduzieren die Menge an Eingabevariablen die ein Wissenschaftler vor der Ausführung einer Simulation bereitstellen muss und abstrahieren komplexe Datentransfer- und Transformationsschritte. Dadurch kommt es zu einer Trennung der Zuständigkeiten bei der Implementierung einer Simulation. Wissenschaftler können sich auf die eigentliche Simulation konzentrieren, während beispielsweise Datenbank Experten die nötigen Patterns für die Datenbereitstellung implementieren. Im Zentrum dieser Arbeit steht die Implementierung einer Simulation der Strukturänderungen in Knochen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden zwei Workflows für diese Simulation angepasst. Außerdem werden für die Datenbereitstellungsschritte der beiden Workflows entsprechende Patterns für jede Ebene der Patternhierarchie erarbeitet und deren Transformation mittels entsprechender Abbildungsregeln und zugehöriger Metadaten bis hin zu ausführbaren Workflowfragmenten implementiert. Abschließend werden die erarbeiteten Patterns auf ihre Abstraktionsunterstützung, sowie generische Einsetzbarkeit hin bewertet

Adapting the Communication and Teamwork Skills Assessment to Assess Pre-licensure Health Care Student Team Performance in Simulation-Enhanced Interprofessional Education

Introduction: Literature demonstrates a lack of structured reporting of interprofessional (IPE) education activities and challenges objectively measuring team performance. The purposes of this article are: to provide a structured description of a simulation-enhanced IPE project focusing on pre-licensure health care student team performance; and, to describe how the Communication and Teamwork Skills (CATS) assessment was adapted to assess teamwork and communication skills during student team simulations. Methods: Simulated case scenarios were conducted with teams consisting of nursing, respiratory therapy, and medical students. The CATS tool was adapted for use in IPE simulations by adding two statements that globally assessed frequency and quality of teamwork. Individual items from the CATS tool guided assessment of overall team performance. Faculty assessors piloted the tool by discussing tool components and assessing several sample cases together. Faculty assessors then scored each simulation individually and the adapted CATS tool was assessed for inter-rater reliability. Results: The team assessed sixty-eight cases (n=68). Thirty-four (n=34) cases were rated by three of the faculty and thirty-four (n=34) were rated by two faculty. Inter-rater reliability for frequency of communication was .808 and .789 for quality of communication. Conclusion: This project suggests that an adapted version of the CATS assessment tool can be used to reliably assess communication performance of health care student teams during a simulated acute care case. In addition, the planning team hopes that the project can be replicated to develop a model of IPE that is sustainable and feasible within other academic or health care settings

Abbildung von Datenmanagementpatterns auf ausführbare Workflowfragmente

Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Abbildung von Datenmanagementpatterns auf ausführbare Workflowfragmente. Zunächst werden Gründe und mögliche Szenarien für eine Abbildung von Datenmanagementpatterns während der Laufzeit eines Workflows beschrieben. Dann werden unterschiedliche Technologien für die Umsetzung einer Systemkomponente für eine solche Abbildung zur Laufzeit in Bezug auf die Anforderungen dieser Arbeit untersucht und bewertet. Anschließend wird ein Konzept für eine neue Systemkomponente, die die Abbildung von Datenmanagementpatterns sowohl zur Laufzeit als auch während der Modellierung erlaubt, vorgestellt und die Implementierung dieser Komponente beschrieben. Der Workflow der neuen Patterntransformation zur Laufzeit wird anhand eines Workflows zur biomechanischen Simulation von Strukturänderungen in Knochen gemessen und bewertet. Zuletzt werden Ansätze für die Umsetzung eines Sichtenkonzepts auf die Abstraktionsstufen der Patterns und die Optimierung der Datenbereitstellung durch Datenmanagementpatterns beschrieben

Eukaryotic cell lines as a sensitive layer for direct monitoring of carbon monoxide

In the past years, whole cell gas toxicity assays have been developed in order to study the harmful effects of gaseous chemicals. Cells are incubated with nutrition medium supplemented with the gaseous substances to be tested. These methods are not feasible for the examination of toxic gases, which are insoluble in water. Carbon monoxide (CO), a poorly soluble and toxic gas (lethal dose 1vol% for some minutes) has been chosen as a model gas. Besides its binding to hemoglobin, it also leads to an inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondrial respiratory chain of living cells. Thus, a decrease in the respiratory behavior of eukaryotic cells indicates the presence of CO in a gaseous phase. Based on the Bionas® 2500 analyzing system, a device to measure the metabolic and morphological effects, caused by direct gas exposure on eukaryotic cells was established. The gaseous substances directly contact the eukaryotic cell line V79 (Chinese hamster lung fibroblast) without interfering liquid phase in between. Beside the measurement of oxygen consumption also acidification and impedance changes of the cell culture are detected by a metabolic sensor chip. In order to increase the stability different chip surface coatings like collagen A and poly-L-lysin (PLL) were used. Adhesion coating leads to a tighter junction of the cells to the sensor chip surface and thus enables higher stability of the confluent cell monolayer towards the gaseous flow during the gas exposure. The method reported here has the potential to become a valuable means for rapid monitoring of toxic compounds in gaseous phases. © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.status: publishe

A critical comparison of cell-based sensor systems for the detection of Cr(VI) in aquatic environment

The toxicity of chromium ions was investigated using mammalian cell cultures on impedance sensors as well as physiological in vitro sensor systems. The performance of commercially available systems like the 2500 Analyzing System (Bionas), xCELLigence (Roche) and Cytosensor Microphysiometer (Molecular Devices) was compared with a novel CMOS-based impedance-to-frequency converter device. Cell-based sensor systems are shown to be powerful tools to detect Cr(VI) pollutions within several hours in the range of multinational drinking water regulations. The ability to distinguish between toxic Cr(VI) and non-toxic Cr(III) species is one advantage of these integral sensor systems. Impedance only devices are not sufficient for the fast detection of toxic chromium species as rapid cellular changes occur only in the respiration system and the cell physiology. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.status: publishe

The neuroaesthetics of prose fiction : Pitfalls, parameters and prospects

There is a paucity of neuroaesthetic studies on prose fiction. This is in contrast to the very many impressive studies that have been conducted in recent times on the neuroaesthetics of sister arts such as painting, music and dance. Why might this be the case, what are its causes and, of greatest importance, how can it best be resolved? In this article, the pitfalls, parameters and prospects of a neuroaesthetics of prose fiction will be explored. The article itself is part critical review, part methodological proposal and part opinion paper. Its aim is simple: to stimulate, excite and energize thinking in the discipline as to how prose fiction might be fully integrated in the canon of neuroaesthetics and to point to opportunities where neuroimaging studies on literary discourse processing might be conducted in collaborative work bringing humanists and scientists together