685 research outputs found

    Assessing the Impact of Road Traffic Externalities on Residential Price Values: a Case Study in Madrid, Spain

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    [EN] This paper describes a study of the relationship between undesired road traffic externalities and residential price values in the Spanish city of Madrid. A large database was gathered, including the price and characteristics of 21,634 flats and road traffic intensity at 3904 different points across the city. The results obtained by a hedonic model suggest that both distance from the traffic measurement point and average daily traffic are significantly related to the price of residential properties, even after controlling for structural and neighbourhood variables. Distance to traffic areas has a positive impact on dwelling prices, whilst these are negatively related to traffic intensity.Guijarro, F. (2019). Assessing the Impact of Road Traffic Externalities on Residential Price Values: a Case Study in Madrid, Spain. International Journal of Environmental research and Public Health. 16(24):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245149S1131624Kim, M., Chang, S. I., Seong, J. C., Holt, J. B., Park, T. H., Ko, J. H., & Croft, J. B. (2012). Road Traffic Noise. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 43(4), 353-360. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.06.014Sorensen, M., Hvidberg, M., Andersen, Z. J., Nordsborg, R. B., Lillelund, K. G., Jakobsen, J., … Raaschou-Nielsen, O. (2011). Road traffic noise and stroke: a prospective cohort study. European Heart Journal, 32(6), 737-744. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq466Munzel, T., Gori, T., Babisch, W., & Basner, M. (2014). Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise exposure. European Heart Journal, 35(13), 829-836. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu030Bodin, T., Albin, M., Ardö, J., Stroh, E., Östergren, P.-O., & Björk, J. (2009). Road traffic noise and hypertension: results from a cross-sectional public health survey in southern Sweden. Environmental Health, 8(1). doi:10.1186/1476-069x-8-38Lercher, P., Widmann, U., & Thudium, J. (2014). Hypotension and Environmental Noise: A Replication Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(9), 8661-8688. doi:10.3390/ijerph110908661Dzhambov, A. M., & Lercher, P. (2019). Road Traffic Noise Exposure and Depression/Anxiety: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(21), 4134. doi:10.3390/ijerph16214134De Kluizenaar, Y., Janssen, S., Vos, H., Salomons, E., Zhou, H., & van den Berg, F. (2013). Road Traffic Noise and Annoyance: A Quantification of the Effect of Quiet Side Exposure at Dwellings. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(6), 2258-2270. doi:10.3390/ijerph10062258Urban, J., & Máca, V. (2013). Linking Traffic Noise, Noise Annoyance and Life Satisfaction: A Case Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(5), 1895-1915. doi:10.3390/ijerph10051895Shepherd, D., Welch, D., Dirks, K., & McBride, D. (2013). Do Quiet Areas Afford Greater Health-Related Quality of Life than Noisy Areas? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(4), 1284-1303. doi:10.3390/ijerph10041284Del Giudice, V., De Paola, P., Manganelli, B., & Forte, F. (2017). The Monetary Valuation of Environmental Externalities through the Analysis of Real Estate Prices. Sustainability, 9(2), 229. doi:10.3390/su9020229Wilhelmsson, M. (2000). The Impact of Traffic Noise on the Values of Single-family Houses. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 43(6), 799-815. doi:10.1080/09640560020001692Baranzini, A., & Ramirez, J. V. (2005). Paying for Quietness: The Impact of Noise on Geneva Rents. Urban Studies, 42(4), 633-646. doi:10.1080/00420980500060186Kim, K. S., Park, S. J., & Kweon, Y.-J. (2007). Highway traffic noise effects on land price in an urban area. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 12(4), 275-280. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2007.03.002Blanco, J. C., & Flindell, I. (2011). Property prices in urban areas affected by road traffic noise. Applied Acoustics, 72(4), 133-141. doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2010.11.004Łowicki, D., & Piotrowska, S. (2015). Monetary valuation of road noise. Residential property prices as an indicator of the acoustic climate quality. Ecological Indicators, 52, 472-479. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.01.002Szczepańska, A., Senetra, A., & Wasilewicz-Pszczółkowska, M. (2015). The effect of road traffic noise on the prices of residential property – A case study of the polish city of Olsztyn. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 36, 167-177. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2015.02.011Levkovich, O., Rouwendal, J., & van Marwijk, R. (2015). The effects of highway development on housing prices. Transportation, 43(2), 379-405. doi:10.1007/s11116-015-9580-7Li, W., & Saphores, J.-D. (2012). Assessing Impacts of Freeway Truck Traffic on Residential Property Values. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2288(1), 48-56. doi:10.3141/2288-06Brandt, S., & Maennig, W. (2011). Road noise exposure and residential property prices: Evidence from Hamburg. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 16(1), 23-30. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2010.07.008Kawamura, K., & Mahajan, S. (2005). Hedonic Analysis of Impacts of Traffic Volumes on Property Values. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1924(1), 69-75. doi:10.1177/0361198105192400109Day, B., Bateman, I., & Lake, I. (2007). Beyond implicit prices: recovering theoretically consistent and transferable values for noise avoidance from a hedonic property price model. Environmental and Resource Economics, 37(1), 211-232. doi:10.1007/s10640-007-9121-8Andersson, H., Jonsson, L., & Ögren, M. (2009). Property Prices and Exposure to Multiple Noise Sources: Hedonic Regression with Road and Railway Noise. 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    A History of BlockingQueues

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    This paper describes a way to formally specify the behaviour of concurrent data structures. When specifying concurrent data structures, the main challenge is to make specifications stable, i.e., to ensure that they cannot be invalidated by other threads. To this end, we propose to use history-based specifications: instead of describing method behaviour in terms of the object's state, we specify it in terms of the object's state history. A history is defined as a list of state updates, which at all points can be related to the actual object's state. We illustrate the approach on the BlockingQueue hierarchy from the java.util.concurrent library. We show how the behaviour of the interface BlockingQueue is specified, leaving a few decisions open to descendant classes. The classes implementing the interface correctly inherit the specifications. As a specification language, we use a combination of JML and permission-based separation logic, including abstract predicates. This results in an abstract, modular and natural way to specify the behaviour of concurrent queues. The specifications can be used to derive high-level properties about queues, for example to show that the order of elements is preserved. Moreover, the approach can be easily adapted to other concurrent data structures.Comment: In Proceedings FLACOS 2012, arXiv:1209.169

    Expressive modular fine-grained concurrency specification

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    Numerical simulation of the stochastic dynamics of inclusions in biomembranes in presence of surface tension

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    The stochastic dynamics of inclusions in a randomly fluctuating biomembrane is simulated. These inclusions can represent the embedded proteins and the external particles arriving at a cell membrane. The energetics of the biomembrane is modelled via the Canham-Helfrich Hamiltonian. The contributions of both the bending elastic-curvature energy and the surface tension of the biomembrane are taken into account. The biomembrane is treated as a two-dimensional sheet whose height variations from a reference frame is treated as a stochastic Wiener process. The lateral diffusion parameter associated with this Wiener process coupled with the longitudinal diffusion parameter obtained from the standard Einsteinian diffusion theory completely determine the stochastic motion of the inclusions. It is shown that the presence of surface tension significantly affects the overall dynamics of the inclusions, particularly the rate of capture of the external inclusions, such as drug particles, at the site of the embedded inclusions, such as the embedded proteins.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, to appear in physica

    Membrane-Protein Interactions in a Generic Coarse-Grained Model for Lipid Bilayers

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    We study membrane-protein interactions and membrane-mediated protein-protein interactions by Monte Carlo simulations of a generic coarse-grained model for lipid bilayers with cylindrical hydrophobic inclusions. The strength of the hydrophobic force and the hydrophobic thickness of the proteins are systematically varied. The results are compared with analytical predictions of two popular analytical theories: The Landau-de Gennes theory and the elastic theory. The elastic theory provides an excellent description of the fluctuation spectra of pure membranes and successfully reproduces the deformation profiles of membranes around single proteins. However, its prediction for the potential of mean force between proteins is not compatible with the simulation data for large distances. The simulations show that the lipid-mediated interactions are governed by five competing factors: Direct interactions, lipid-induced depletion interactions, lipid bridging, lipid packing, and a smooth long-range contribution. The mechanisms leading to "hydrophobic mismatch" interactions are critically analyzed.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Biophysical Journa

    Compositionality and modularity in process specification and design: A trace-state based approach

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    An Axiomatic Approach to Liveness for Differential Equations

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    This paper presents an approach for deductive liveness verification for ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with differential dynamic logic. Numerous subtleties complicate the generalization of well-known discrete liveness verification techniques, such as loop variants, to the continuous setting. For example, ODE solutions may blow up in finite time or their progress towards the goal may converge to zero. Our approach handles these subtleties by successively refining ODE liveness properties using ODE invariance properties which have a well-understood deductive proof theory. This approach is widely applicable: we survey several liveness arguments in the literature and derive them all as special instances of our axiomatic refinement approach. We also correct several soundness errors in the surveyed arguments, which further highlights the subtlety of ODE liveness reasoning and the utility of our deductive approach. The library of common refinement steps identified through our approach enables both the sound development and justification of new ODE liveness proof rules from our axioms.Comment: FM 2019: 23rd International Symposium on Formal Methods, Porto, Portugal, October 9-11, 201

    LNCS

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    We present layered concurrent programs, a compact and expressive notation for specifying refinement proofs of concurrent programs. A layered concurrent program specifies a sequence of connected concurrent programs, from most concrete to most abstract, such that common parts of different programs are written exactly once. These programs are expressed in the ordinary syntax of imperative concurrent programs using gated atomic actions, sequencing, choice, and (recursive) procedure calls. Each concurrent program is automatically extracted from the layered program. We reduce refinement to the safety of a sequence of concurrent checker programs, one each to justify the connection between every two consecutive concurrent programs. These checker programs are also automatically extracted from the layered program. Layered concurrent programs have been implemented in the CIVL verifier which has been successfully used for the verification of several complex concurrent programs

    History-based verification of functional behaviour of concurrent programs

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    Modular verification of the functional behaviour of a concurrent program remains a challenge. We propose a new way to achieve this, using histories, modelled as process algebra terms, to keep track of local changes. When threads terminate or synchronise in some other way, local histories are combined into global histories, and by resolving the global histories, the reachable state properties can be determined. Our logic is an extension of permission-based separation logic, which supports expressive and intuitive specifications. We discuss soundness of the approach, and illustrate it on several examples
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