685 research outputs found
Assessing the Impact of Road Traffic Externalities on Residential Price Values: a Case Study in Madrid, Spain
[EN] This paper describes a study of the relationship between undesired road traffic externalities and residential price values in the Spanish city of Madrid. A large database was gathered, including the price and characteristics of 21,634 flats and road traffic intensity at 3904 different points across the city. The results obtained by a hedonic model suggest that both distance from the traffic measurement point and average daily traffic are significantly related to the price of residential properties, even after controlling for structural and neighbourhood variables. Distance to traffic areas has a positive impact on dwelling prices, whilst these are negatively related to traffic intensity.Guijarro, F. (2019). Assessing the Impact of Road Traffic Externalities on Residential Price Values: a Case Study in Madrid, Spain. International Journal of Environmental research and Public Health. 16(24):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245149S1131624Kim, M., Chang, S. I., Seong, J. C., Holt, J. B., Park, T. H., Ko, J. H., & Croft, J. B. (2012). Road Traffic Noise. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 43(4), 353-360. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.06.014Sorensen, M., Hvidberg, M., Andersen, Z. J., Nordsborg, R. B., Lillelund, K. G., Jakobsen, J., … Raaschou-Nielsen, O. (2011). Road traffic noise and stroke: a prospective cohort study. European Heart Journal, 32(6), 737-744. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq466Munzel, T., Gori, T., Babisch, W., & Basner, M. (2014). Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise exposure. European Heart Journal, 35(13), 829-836. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu030Bodin, T., Albin, M., Ardö, J., Stroh, E., Östergren, P.-O., & Björk, J. (2009). Road traffic noise and hypertension: results from a cross-sectional public health survey in southern Sweden. Environmental Health, 8(1). doi:10.1186/1476-069x-8-38Lercher, P., Widmann, U., & Thudium, J. (2014). Hypotension and Environmental Noise: A Replication Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(9), 8661-8688. doi:10.3390/ijerph110908661Dzhambov, A. M., & Lercher, P. (2019). Road Traffic Noise Exposure and Depression/Anxiety: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(21), 4134. doi:10.3390/ijerph16214134De Kluizenaar, Y., Janssen, S., Vos, H., Salomons, E., Zhou, H., & van den Berg, F. (2013). Road Traffic Noise and Annoyance: A Quantification of the Effect of Quiet Side Exposure at Dwellings. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(6), 2258-2270. doi:10.3390/ijerph10062258Urban, J., & Máca, V. (2013). Linking Traffic Noise, Noise Annoyance and Life Satisfaction: A Case Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(5), 1895-1915. doi:10.3390/ijerph10051895Shepherd, D., Welch, D., Dirks, K., & McBride, D. (2013). Do Quiet Areas Afford Greater Health-Related Quality of Life than Noisy Areas? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(4), 1284-1303. doi:10.3390/ijerph10041284Del Giudice, V., De Paola, P., Manganelli, B., & Forte, F. (2017). The Monetary Valuation of Environmental Externalities through the Analysis of Real Estate Prices. Sustainability, 9(2), 229. doi:10.3390/su9020229Wilhelmsson, M. (2000). The Impact of Traffic Noise on the Values of Single-family Houses. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 43(6), 799-815. doi:10.1080/09640560020001692Baranzini, A., & Ramirez, J. V. (2005). Paying for Quietness: The Impact of Noise on Geneva Rents. Urban Studies, 42(4), 633-646. doi:10.1080/00420980500060186Kim, K. S., Park, S. J., & Kweon, Y.-J. (2007). Highway traffic noise effects on land price in an urban area. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 12(4), 275-280. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2007.03.002Blanco, J. C., & Flindell, I. (2011). 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A History of BlockingQueues
This paper describes a way to formally specify the behaviour of concurrent
data structures. When specifying concurrent data structures, the main challenge
is to make specifications stable, i.e., to ensure that they cannot be
invalidated by other threads. To this end, we propose to use history-based
specifications: instead of describing method behaviour in terms of the object's
state, we specify it in terms of the object's state history. A history is
defined as a list of state updates, which at all points can be related to the
actual object's state.
We illustrate the approach on the BlockingQueue hierarchy from the
java.util.concurrent library. We show how the behaviour of the interface
BlockingQueue is specified, leaving a few decisions open to descendant classes.
The classes implementing the interface correctly inherit the specifications. As
a specification language, we use a combination of JML and permission-based
separation logic, including abstract predicates. This results in an abstract,
modular and natural way to specify the behaviour of concurrent queues. The
specifications can be used to derive high-level properties about queues, for
example to show that the order of elements is preserved. Moreover, the approach
can be easily adapted to other concurrent data structures.Comment: In Proceedings FLACOS 2012, arXiv:1209.169
Numerical simulation of the stochastic dynamics of inclusions in biomembranes in presence of surface tension
The stochastic dynamics of inclusions in a randomly fluctuating biomembrane
is simulated. These inclusions can represent the embedded proteins and the
external particles arriving at a cell membrane. The energetics of the
biomembrane is modelled via the Canham-Helfrich Hamiltonian. The contributions
of both the bending elastic-curvature energy and the surface tension of the
biomembrane are taken into account. The biomembrane is treated as a
two-dimensional sheet whose height variations from a reference frame is treated
as a stochastic Wiener process. The lateral diffusion parameter associated with
this Wiener process coupled with the longitudinal diffusion parameter obtained
from the standard Einsteinian diffusion theory completely determine the
stochastic motion of the inclusions. It is shown that the presence of surface
tension significantly affects the overall dynamics of the inclusions,
particularly the rate of capture of the external inclusions, such as drug
particles, at the site of the embedded inclusions, such as the embedded
proteins.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, to appear in physica
Membrane-Protein Interactions in a Generic Coarse-Grained Model for Lipid Bilayers
We study membrane-protein interactions and membrane-mediated protein-protein
interactions by Monte Carlo simulations of a generic coarse-grained model for
lipid bilayers with cylindrical hydrophobic inclusions. The strength of the
hydrophobic force and the hydrophobic thickness of the proteins are
systematically varied. The results are compared with analytical predictions of
two popular analytical theories: The Landau-de Gennes theory and the elastic
theory. The elastic theory provides an excellent description of the fluctuation
spectra of pure membranes and successfully reproduces the deformation profiles
of membranes around single proteins. However, its prediction for the potential
of mean force between proteins is not compatible with the simulation data for
large distances. The simulations show that the lipid-mediated interactions are
governed by five competing factors: Direct interactions, lipid-induced
depletion interactions, lipid bridging, lipid packing, and a smooth long-range
contribution. The mechanisms leading to "hydrophobic mismatch" interactions are
critically analyzed.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Biophysical Journa
An Axiomatic Approach to Liveness for Differential Equations
This paper presents an approach for deductive liveness verification for
ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with differential dynamic logic.
Numerous subtleties complicate the generalization of well-known discrete
liveness verification techniques, such as loop variants, to the continuous
setting. For example, ODE solutions may blow up in finite time or their
progress towards the goal may converge to zero. Our approach handles these
subtleties by successively refining ODE liveness properties using ODE
invariance properties which have a well-understood deductive proof theory. This
approach is widely applicable: we survey several liveness arguments in the
literature and derive them all as special instances of our axiomatic refinement
approach. We also correct several soundness errors in the surveyed arguments,
which further highlights the subtlety of ODE liveness reasoning and the utility
of our deductive approach. The library of common refinement steps identified
through our approach enables both the sound development and justification of
new ODE liveness proof rules from our axioms.Comment: FM 2019: 23rd International Symposium on Formal Methods, Porto,
Portugal, October 9-11, 201
LNCS
We present layered concurrent programs, a compact and expressive notation for specifying refinement proofs of concurrent programs. A layered concurrent program specifies a sequence of connected concurrent programs, from most concrete to most abstract, such that common parts of different programs are written exactly once. These programs are expressed in the ordinary syntax of imperative concurrent programs using gated atomic actions, sequencing, choice, and (recursive) procedure calls. Each concurrent program is automatically extracted from the layered program. We reduce refinement to the safety of a sequence of concurrent checker programs, one each to justify the connection between every two consecutive concurrent programs. These checker programs are also automatically extracted from the layered program. Layered concurrent programs have been implemented in the CIVL verifier which has been successfully used for the verification of several complex concurrent programs
History-based verification of functional behaviour of concurrent programs
Modular verification of the functional behaviour of a concurrent program remains a challenge. We propose a new way to achieve this, using histories, modelled as process algebra terms, to keep track of local changes. When threads terminate or synchronise in some other way, local histories are combined into global histories, and by resolving the global histories, the reachable state properties can be determined. Our logic is an extension of permission-based separation logic, which supports expressive and intuitive specifications. We discuss soundness of the approach, and illustrate it on several examples
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True-copy token scheme for a distributed database system
A concurrency and resiliency control scheme for a distributed database system with replicated data is discussed. The scheme, true-copy token scheme, uses true-copy tokens in order to designate the physical data copies (true copies) that can be identified with the current logical data that are globally unique, and then it realizes consistent execution of transactions by the locking over these true copies. If subsystem failures occur and if some true copies are lost, the scheme regenerates lost true copies so that their continuity is preserved.
In analyzing the true-copy token scheme, we establish a precise relationship between physical transactions and their corresponding logical transactions by data and time abstraction. Then we show that continuity of logical data is preserved if continuity of true copies is preserved.Key Words and Phrases: distributed database system, concurrency control, resiliency control, replicated data, true-copy tokens, data abstraction, time abstractio
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