Uma análise das parcerias para a realização da logística reversa de peças e componentes na cadeia de suprimentos do segmento automobilístico

Trabalho de conclusão de curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Departamento de Administração, 2013.O surgimento de legislações ambientais restritivas e a crescente preocupação ecológica dos consumidores têm provocado o surgimento de práticas empresariais permeadas por responsabilidade ambiental, o que têm atraído maior atenção para as atividades de logística reversa. Nesse contexto, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar o perfil das parcerias na cadeia de suprimentos do segmento automobilístico relacionado à realização da logística reversa de peças e componentes. Para atender este objetivo foi realizada uma pesquisa aplicada, descritiva e quali-qualitativa, cujo procedimento técnico utilizado foi o estudo de caso na cadeia de suprimentos do segmento automobilístico, abrangendo seus principais membros: fornecedores, montadoras, concessionárias e operadores logísticos. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de questionários enviados às empresas participantes, análise documental e roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturado, sendo este último instrumento aplicado exclusivamente com concessionárias estabelecidas no DF, a fim de complementar os resultados obtidos. Portanto, de acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que não há uma integração entre os diferentes membros da cadeia de suprimentos automobilística para a realização de atividades de logística reversa, havendo divergência entre as percepções que envolvem parcerias para operar nos canais reversos de pós-venda de peças e componentes. Este fato denota a falta de alinhamento das práticas relativas à logística reversa e parcerias e dificulta o atendimento à PNRS, nas empresas pesquisadas. A contribuição deste trabalho reside na consideração das parcerias para o atendimento da responsabilidade compartilhada, estabelecida na PNRS, entre os membros da cadeia de suprimentos automobilística, o que pode se constituir em ponto de partida para discussões acerca do assunto no âmbito empresarial e, motivar mais pesquisas na área no âmbito acadêmico

Parametrización de un transformador trifásico mediante autómata programable

Este trabajo fin de grado se caracteriza por realizar los ensayos a un transformador trifásico de la forma estandarizada pero a diferencia de lo realizado en las prácticas de la asignatura de máquinas eléctricas, se utiliza un autómata para efectuar el activado de los distintos contactores y además realizar las operaciones matemáticas oportunas, por otra parte se emplea el multímetro SENTRON PAC3200 que gestionará la toma de medidas de cada ensayo y por último una pantalla HMI con la cual se realiza el guiado por el proceso y la muestra de resultados

Search for Alternative Two‐Step‐Absorption Photoinitiators for 3D Laser Nanoprinting

Recent studies have opened the door to a new generation of photoinitiators for 3D laser nanoprinting. Therein, the simultaneous absorption of two photons, commonly referred to as two-photon absorption, is replaced by the sequential absorption of two photons in two consecutive one-photon absorption processes. This process has been termed two-step absorption. Importantly, two-step absorption can be accomplished by inexpensive compact low-power continuous-wave blue laser diodes instead of femtosecond laser systems in the red spectral region. Red-shifting the second absorption step with respect to the first one results in an and-type optical nonlinearity based on two-color two-step absorption. Herein, alternatives are systematically explored to the few already reported one- and two-color two-step-absorption photoinitiators, including the search for photoinitiators that can be excited by one-color two-step absorption and be de-excited by a disparate laser color.</p

Experimental evidence of contamination on the dynamics of shrimp populations: susceptibility to spatial isolation

Landscape-scale ecology comprises complex structures where a flow of energy, materials and organisms among ecosystems conditions the dynamics of populations. Several natural and anthropogenic stressors are likely to affect the landscape composition, generally leading to the rupture of ecological connectivity among populations. Although contamination is considered one of the most threatening factors for biodiversity, its impact on spatial dynamics of populations (e.g., distribution, persistence and abundance) from an eco-toxicological perspective is still unknown. In the current study, the potential effect that contamination can exert on the loss of connectivity among populations (chemically fragmented habitats) leading to population isolation was assessed. The estuarine shrimp Palaemon varians was used as model organisms and a novel version of the HeMHAS (Heterogeneous Multi-Habitat Assay System) was used to simulate spatially heterogeneous landscapes. In order to provide more ecological relevance to the study, besides copper as stressor [at low (0.5 μg/L) and high (25 μg/L) levels], other two factors were simultaneously tested: fish kairomones (as a predation signal) and food availability. Different scenarios were simulated in the HeMHAS to create heterogeneous landscapes that vary depending on the presence or absence of these stressors. The behavior observed by the population of P. varians clearly showed that the shrimp detected copper and avoided the regions with the highest levels of contamination. However, when fish kairomones were added to previously preferred regions, the behavior of shrimp populations did a radical turn: they escape the predator signals, moving towards contaminated regions, but with a clear preference for less contaminated areas. When faced whether to stay in a clean area with no food or moving through disturbed regions to colonize a clean region with food, shrimps’ populations crossed the regions, but with a more dynamic transit in the region with kairomones and no copper. These results indicate that contamination might interfere in the spatial dynamics of shrimps’ populations by: (i) triggering avoidance, (ii) preventing colonization, (iii) isolating populations and (iv) making them more susceptible to local extinction

Experimental evidence of how contamination might modify the shrimps’ population dynamics and make them susceptible to spatial isolation

Contamination is likely to affect the landscape composition, usually linked to ecological fragmentation, which may impact the distribution, persistence and abundance of species. In the current study, the estuarine shrimp Palaemon varians was exposed to copper (25 and 0.5 μg/L) simultaneously to predation signal and food to evaluate the organism’s spatial distribution within a spatially heterogeneous landscape. All experimental landscapes were simulated in the Heterogeneous Multi Habitat Assay System (HeMHAS). As results, P. varians detected and avoided copper, however, predation signal shifted the response to preference over regions with conditions previously avoided, even if that meant to increase copper exposure. When confronted to move towards environments with high food availability, lower connectivity occurred among the shrimps’ populations isolated by contamination and predation risk simultaneously. This indicate that contamination might: (i) trigger avoidance in shrimps, (ii) prevent the colonisation towards foraging areas, (iii) enhance the populations’ isolation and (iv) make populations more susceptible to local extinction

Vitamin D receptor expression is associated with improved overall survival in human glioblastoma multiforme

Vitamin D and its analogs have been shown to display anti-proliferative effects in a wide variety of cancer types including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). These anticancer effects are mediated by its active metabolite, 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) acting mainly through vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling. In addition to its involvement in calcitriol action, VDR has also been demonstrated to be useful as a prognostic factor for some types of cancer. However, to our knowledge, there are no studies evaluating the expression of VDR protein and its association with outcome in gliomas. Therefore, we investigated VDR expression by using immunohistochemical analysis in human glioma tissue microarrays, and analyzed the association between VDR expression and clinico-pathological parameters. We further investigated the effects of genetic and pharmacologic modulation of VDR on survival and migration of glioma cell lines. Our data demonstrate that VDR is increased in tumor tissues when compared with VDR in non-malignant brains, and that VDR expression is associated with an improved outcome in patients with GBM. We also show that both genetic and pharmacologic modulation of VDR modulates GBM cellular migration and survival and that VDR is necessary for calcitriol-mediated effects on migration. Altogether these results provide some limited evidence supporting a role for VDR in glioma progression.Fil: Salomón, Débora Gisele. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cienti­ficas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Bahi­a Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas Bahi­a Blanca (i); ArgentinaFil: Fermento, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cienti­ficas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Bahi­a Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas Bahi­a Blanca (i); ArgentinaFil: Gandini, Norberto Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Bahi­a Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas Bahi­a Blanca (i); ArgentinaFil: Ferronato, María Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cienti­ficas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Bahi­a Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas Bahi­a Blanca (i); ArgentinaFil: Arevalo, Julian. Hospital Municipal General de Agudos Doctor José Penna; ArgentinaFil: Blasco, J.. Hospital Int. Gral. de Agudos Dr. Jose Penna. Servicio de Patologia; ArgentinaFil: Andrés, Nancy Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cienti­ficas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Bahi­a Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas Bahi­a Blanca (i); ArgentinaFil: Zenklusen, Jean C.. National Institutes of Health. National Cancer Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Curino, Alejandro Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cienti­ficas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Bahi­a Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas Bahi­a Blanca (i); ArgentinaFil: Facchinetti, Maria Marta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cienti­ficas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Bahi­a Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas Bahi­a Blanca (i); Argentin

Excess risk attributable to traditional cardiovascular risk factors in clinical practice settings across Europe - The EURIKA Study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Physicians involved in primary prevention are key players in CVD risk control strategies, but the expected reduction in CVD risk that would be obtained if all patients attending primary care had their risk factors controlled according to current guidelines is unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the excess risk attributable, firstly, to the presence of CVD risk factors and, secondly, to the lack of control of these risk factors in primary prevention care across Europe.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Cross-sectional study using data from the European Study on Cardiovascular Risk Prevention and Management in Daily Practice (EURIKA), which involved primary care and outpatient clinics involved in primary prevention from 12 European countries between May 2009 and January 2010. We enrolled 7,434 patients over 50 years old with at least one cardiovascular risk factor but without CVD and calculated their 10-year risk of CVD death according to the SCORE equation, modified to take diabetes risk into account.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The average 10-year risk of CVD death in study participants (N = 7,434) was 8.2%. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and diabetes were responsible for 32.7 (95% confidence interval 32.0-33.4), 15.1 (14.8-15.4), 10.4 (9.9-11.0), and 16.4% (15.6-17.2) of CVD risk, respectively. The four risk factors accounted for 57.7% (57.0-58.4) of CVD risk, representing a 10-year excess risk of CVD death of 5.66% (5.47-5.85). Lack of control of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and diabetes were responsible for 8.8 (8.3-9.3), 10.6 (10.3-10.9), 10.4 (9.9-11.0), and 3.1% (2.8-3.4) of CVD risk, respectively. Lack of control of the four risk factors accounted for 29.2% (28.5-29.8) of CVD risk, representing a 10-year excess risk of CVD death of 3.12% (2.97-3.27).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Lack of control of CVD risk factors was responsible for almost 30% of the risk of CVD death among patients participating in the EURIKA Study.</p

Deconstructing 3D Structured Materials by Modern Ultramicrotomy for Multimodal Imaging and Volume Analysis across Length Scales

Based on the rapid advances in additive manufacturing, micro-patterned heterostructures of soft materials have become available that need to be characterized down to the nanoscale. Advanced function-structure relationships are designed by direct 3D structuring of the object and – in the future – fine control over material functionality in 3D will produce complex functional objects. To control their design, fabrication and final structure, morphological and spectroscopical imaging in 3D at nanometer resolution are critically required. With examples of carbon-based objects, it is demonstrated how serial ultramicrotomy, that is, cutting a large number of successive ultrathin sections, can be utilized to gain access to the interior of 3D objects. Array tomography, hierarchical imaging and correlative light and electron microscopy can bridge length scales over several orders of magnitude and provide multimodal information of the sample\u27s inner structure. Morphology data derived from scanning electron microscopy are correlated with spectroscopy in analytical transmission electron microscopy and probe microscopy at nanometer resolution, using TEM-electron energy loss spectroscopy and infrared-scanning-near-field microscopy. The correlation of different imaging modalities and spectroscopy of carbon-based materials in 3D provides a powerful toolbox of complementary techniques for understanding emerging functions from nanoscopic structuring

Analysis of monitoring programmes and their suitability for ecotoxicological risk assessment in four Spanish basins

Data from four Spanish basin management authorities were analysed. Chemical and biological data from four Spanish basin management authorities were analysed, focusing on three consecutive years. Aims were to i) determine the chemicals most likely responsible for the environmental toxicological risk in the four Spanish basins and ii) investigate the relationships between toxicological risk and biological status in these catchments. The toxicological risk of chemicals was evaluated using the toxic unit (TU) concept. With these data we considered if the potential risk properly reflects the risk to the community or, alternatively, if new criteria should be developed to improve risk assessment. Data study revealed inadequacies in processing and monitoring that should be improved (e.g., site coincidence for chemical and biological sampling). Analysis of the chemical data revealed high potential toxicological risk in the majority of sampling points, to which metals were the main contributors to this risk. However, clear relationships between biological quality and chemical risk were found only in one river. Further investigation of metal toxicity may be necessary, and future analyses are necessary to accurately estimate the risk to the environment.The present work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness through the Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Program (project Scarce CSD2009-00065). The authors would like to acknowledge the Confederacion Hidrografica del Ebro (C. Duran and V. Sanchez-Tello), Confederacion Hidrografica del Guadalquivir (V. Cifuentes), Agenda Andaluza del Agua, Agenda Catalana de l'Aigua (A Munne, L Tirapu) and Confederacion Hidrografica del Jucar (MA Pinon) which kindly provided the monitoring data. Nuria De Castro-Catala holds a predoctoral grant from the University of Barcelona. We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions which have improved this manuscript.López Doval, JC.; De Castro Catala, N.; Andrés Doménech, I.; Blasco, J.; Ginebreda, A.; Muñoz, I. (2012). Analysis of monitoring programmes and their suitability for ecotoxicological risk assessment in four Spanish basins. Science of the Total Environment. 440:194-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.035S19420344