Co-option of an endogenous retrovirus envelope for host defense in hominid ancestors

Endogenous retroviral sequences provide a molecular fossil record of ancient infections whose analysis might illuminate mechanisms of viral extinction. A close relative of gammaretroviruses, HERV-T, circulated in primates for ~25 million years (MY) before apparent extinction within the past ~8 MY. Construction of a near-complete catalog of HERV-T fossils in primate genomes allowed us to estimate a ~32 MY old ancestral sequence and reconstruct a functional envelope protein (ancHTenv) that could support infection of a pseudotyped modern gammaretrovirus. Using ancHTenv, we identify monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT-1) as a receptor used by HERV-T for attachment and infection. A single HERV-T provirus in hominid genomes includes an env gene (hsaHTenv) that has been uniquely preserved. This apparently exapted HERV-T env could not support virion infection but could block ancHTenv mediated infection, by causing MCT-1 depletion from cell surfaces. Thus, hsaHTenv may have contributed to HERV-T extinction, and could also potentially regulate cellular metabolism

Development of a1 l2 learners’ literal reading comprehension of short online animated stories through vocabulary pre-reading activities

109 Páginas.​​Las habilidades de comprensión lectora juegan un papel importante en el proceso de aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera, tanto para aprendices jóvenes o adultos; es bien sabido que los buenos lectores tienen éxito en el desarrollo de otras habilidades de aprendizaje de la lengua. Sin embargo, no ha habido suficiente investigación en relación al uso de estrategias tradicionales como la enseñanza del vocabulario combinada con el uso de tecnologías multimodales para promover el desarrollo de comprensión lectora. El presente estudio se baso en el desarrollo de actividades de aprendizaje de vocabulario con el fin de lograr la comprensión lectora de historias animadas. Los niveles de comprensión de lectura fueron evaluados a través de tests de comprensión con formato de verdadero/ falso y seleccion multiple basados en el contenido de las historias. Una vez terminada la implementación, se aplicaron entrevistas a estudiantes y un cuestionario a los padres de familia para conocer sus percepciones sobre las actividades desarrolladas y el uso de tecnología. Luego de analizar los datos con la teoría fundamentada en datos, se encontró que las actividades realizadas con el vocabulario y los recursos multimodales contribuyeron al mejoramiento de su comprensión de lectura literal y además, generaron emociones positivas en los estudiantes. Estos resultados muestran que el uso de estrategias tradicionales como la pre-enseñanza de vocabulario en conjunto con la implementación de tecnologías multimodales deben ser mayormente consideradas por los actores de la enseñanza de Inglés como lengua extranjera en la educación básica primaria en Colombia.

Determinación de crecientes extremas en las cuencas de alta montaña del Río Guadalupe y la Quebrada Piedras Blancas mediante la aplicación del Método Gradex

Ingeniero (a) CivilPregrad

Exercise Capacity in Children and Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Congenital heart disease (CHD) entails structural defects in the morphogenesis of the heart or its main vessels. Analyzing exercise capacity of children and adolescents with CHD is important to improve their functional condition and quality of life, since it can allow timely intervention on poor prognostic factors associated with higher risk of morbidity and mortality.To describe exercise capacity in children and adolescents with CHD compared with healthy controls.A systematic review was carried out. Randomized clinical trials and observational studies were included assessing exercise capacity through direct and indirect methods in children and adolescents between 5 and 17 years-old. A sensitive analysis was performed including studies with CHD repaired participants. Additionally, it was sub-analyzed by age range (< and ? 12 years old). Two independent reviewers analyzed the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of the evidence.5619 articles were found and 21 were considered for the review. Eighteen articles used the direct exercise capacity measurement method by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). The CHD group showed significant differences in peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) with a value of -7.9 ml/Kg/min (95% CI: -9.9, -5.9, p = 0.00001), maximum workload (Wmax) -41.5 (95% CI: -57.9, -25.1 watts, p = 0.00001), ventilatory equivalent (VE/VCO2 ) slope 2.6 (95% CI: 0.3, 4.8), oxygen pulse (O2 pulse)-2.4 ml/beat (95% CI: -3.7, -1.1, p = 0.0003), and maximum heart rate (HRmax) -15 bpm (95% CI: -18, -12 bpm, p = 0.00001), compared with healthy controls. Adolescents (? 12 yrs) with CHD had a greater reduction in VO2peak (-10.0 ml/Kg/min (95% CI: -12.0, -5.3), p < 0.00001), Wmax (-45.5 watts (95% CI: -54.4, -36.7), p < 0.00001) and HRmax (-21 bpm (95% CI: -28, -14), p<0.00001).Suffering CHD in childhood and adolescence is associated with lower exercise capacity as shown by worse VO2peak, Wmax, VE/VCO2 slope, O2 pulse, and HRmax compared with matched healthy controls. The reduction in exercise capacity was greater in adolescents.www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=208963, identifier: CRD42020208963.Copyright © 2022 Villaseca-Rojas, Varela-Melo, Torres-Castro, Vasconcello-Castillo, Mazzucco, Vilaró and Blanco

The AMBRE Project: Stellar parameterisation of the ESO:FEROS archived spectra

The AMBRE Project is a collaboration between the European Southern Observatory (ESO) and the Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur (OCA) that has been established in order to carry out the determination of stellar atmospheric parameters for the archived spectra of four ESO spectrographs. The analysis of the FEROS archived spectra for their stellar parameters (effective temperatures, surface gravities, global metallicities, alpha element to iron ratios and radial velocities) has been completed in the first phase of the AMBRE Project. From the complete ESO:FEROS archive dataset that was received, a total of 21551 scientific spectra have been identified, covering the period 2005 to 2010. These spectra correspond to ~6285 stars. The determination of the stellar parameters was carried out using the stellar parameterisation algorithm, MATISSE (MATrix Inversion for Spectral SynthEsis), which has been developed at OCA to be used in the analysis of large scale spectroscopic studies in galactic archaeology. An analysis pipeline has been constructed that integrates spectral reduction and radial velocity correction procedures with MATISSE in order to automatically determine the stellar parameters of the FEROS spectra. Stellar atmospheric parameters (Teff, log g, [M/H] and [alpha/Fe]) were determined for 6508 (30.2%) of the FEROS archived spectra (~3087 stars). Radial velocities were determined for 11963 (56%) of the archived spectra. 2370 (11%) spectra could not be analysed within the pipeline. 12673 spectra (58.8%) were analysed in the pipeline but their parameters were discarded based on quality criteria and error analysis determined within the automated process. The majority of these rejected spectra were found to have broad spectral features indicating that they may be hot and/or fast rotating stars, which are not considered within the adopted reference synthetic spectra grid of FGKM stars.Comment: 28 pages, 28 figures, 9 table

Rotation velocities of hot horizontal branch stars in the globular clusters NGC 1904, NGC 2808, NGC 6093, and NGC 7078: the database

We present radial and rotation (v sini) velocity measurements, from UVES+VLT high resolution spectra of 61 stars in the blue horizontal branches (HB) of the Galactic globular clusters NGC 1904 (M79), NGC 2808, NGC 6093 (M80), and NGC 7078 (M15). The data reduction and the velocity determination, based on cross-correlation techniques, are discussed in detail. Most of this database has been used by Recio-Blanco et al. (2002) in their analysis of the rotation velocity properties of blue HB stars. Here we present additional data for NGC 2808. We confirm the results of the previous paper, in particular, a possible link between the HB jump and the abrupt change in the rotational velocity distribution around Teff ~ 11,500 K.Comment: 20 pages, 5 tables, 6 figures. Accepted for A&

As representacôes sociais dos juízes por diferentes grupos sociais no sul de Minas Gerais

Se estudian las representaciones sociales de la población sobre los jueces en la justicia brasileña. Los objetivos de esta investigación son analizar las representaciones sociales de los jueces a partir de la percepción de diferentes grupos sociales en la microrregión de São Lourenço, perteneciente a la mesorregión sur y suroeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Esta investigación es de carácter exploratorio con un enfoque cuantitativo-cualitativo, se utilizó la entrevista para la recolección de datos. Hubo 10 participantes en la investigación, en unidades penitenciarias, con horarios previamente programados con la junta penitenciaria; 10 familiares de víctimas y ciudadanos comunes en clínicas; 10 jueces y 10 expertos por correo electrónico. Los resultados mostraron que peritos y jueces, ambos profesionales del sistema judicial, siempre dejan claro que hay acumulación de trabajo, reconocen la lentitud de la justicia brasileña y su ineficacia por excesiva burocracia, mientras que los reeducadores reconocen que la La ley necesita ser efectiva, pero según el pensamiento de algunos tiene lagunas, tal vez por eso es defectuoso