Internal migration and natural disasters in Mexico. A spatial modeling approach

This study aims to investigate whether the frequency of natural disasters, or reported damages from disastrous events in rural areas, had an effect on internal migration in Mexico between 2010 and 2015. Spatial regression models are used to explain the associations between migration and explanatory factors. The results suggest that the frequency of natural disasters have a significant, spatial effect on internal migration. The models with the best fit for both in-migration and out-migration consider hazardous events as aggregates rather than individual events. This finding is similar to previous studies in emigration from 1990 and 2000 (Saldaña-Zorrilla et al., 2009). The data from reported damages of disastrous events in rural areas is not appropriate for spatial modeling, so no meaningful results were obtained in that regard

El derecho al medio ambiente en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano: evolución y comparación en el reconocimiento de su categoría como derecho fundamental

Artículo de reflexiónDesde la declaración de Estocolmo de 1972, existe una tendencia de protección jurídica en el derecho internacional y en diversos ordenamientos jurídicos nacionales al derecho al medio ambiente como derecho humano. La Organización de Naciones Unidas ha realizado cuatro cumbres internacionales sobre Medio Ambiente, las cuales han creado una línea técnica a nivel mundial sobre el tema, línea base para los países que han acogido sus recomendaciones, materializándola en un desarrollo normativo interno. Ecuador y Bolivia, en el contexto latinoamericano son los países con mayores garantías constitucionales al Derecho al Medio Ambiente. En Colombia, es la Constitución Política de 1991 la que reconoce el Derecho al Medio Ambiente Sano y lo cataloga como como un derecho colectivo (título II capítulo 3 artículo 79). No obstante, ya que este derecho no es fundamental, ha habido una serie de inconvenientes para garantizar su efectiva salvaguarda. La Corte Constitucional, máximo intérprete de la Carta política, a través de línea jurisprudencial ha consolidado una doctrina la cual le da ese derecho el carácter de fundamental; razón por la cual, se analizará el papel de la Corte Constitucional como salvaguarda de este derecho como fundamental.PregradoAbogad

Extended Variational Formulation for Heterogeneous Partial Differential Equations

We address the coupling of an advection equation with a diffusion-advection equation, for solutions featuring boundary layers. We consider non-overlapping domain decompositions and we face up the heterogeneous problem using an extended variational formulation. We will prove the equivalence between the latter formulation and a treatment based on a singular perturbation theory. An exhaustive comparison in terms of solution and computational efficiency between these formulations is carried ou

Feminist Friendship as an Affective Engagement through the Arts: A Decolonial and Posthuman Becoming-with Rebeca Lane\u27s \u3cem\u3eAlma Mestiza\u3c/em\u3e

This paper considers friendship as an affective terrain of feminist alliance among subjects that belong to territories with a colonial record responding to the colonial/modern gender system (Lugones 2007) through the arts. Friendship is here conceptualized as an engagement of feminist solidarity unfolding within theoretical and practical models of change and resistance against the logics of cultural imperialism (Lugones and Spelman 1983). Turning friendship into a polyphonic feminist reaction, this work is conducted by acknowledging the need to foster dialogues where different authorial voices and feminist positionalities meet, reflect, and speak. The paper settles the encounter between its authors in conversation with Guatemalan feminist rapper Rebeca Lane and her song Alma Mestiza ( Mestiza Soul, 2016), which triggers both a critical examination of decolonial artistic practices with a feminist commitment, and a situated response of auto-phenomenographic poetry (Lykke 2018) . In this light, the present paper is born out of the authors\u27 will to pose their friendship as an affective commitment to formulate critical and artistic accounts of a feminist nature displaying a decolonial awareness, while incorporating a posthuman approach becoming-with artistic material (Straube 2014)

The intensity of male-male interactions declines in highland songbird populations

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-015-1961-6Elevation gradients are associated with sharp environmental clines that play a crucial role in the phenotypic diversification of animal populations. In a variety of organisms, the reproductive output of females declines with elevation in parallel to the drop in environmental productivity and shortening of the breeding season. Little evidence is available on male traits associated with reproductive activities, such as territorial defence and signalling, which may decline because of the low economic defendability of resources and the selective advantage of investing in parental rather than mating (e.g. signalling, chasing intruders) effort in such conditions. Along a broad elevational gradient, we investigated variation in the intensity of territorial defence and sexual signalling in males of the water pipit Anthus spinoletta exposed to song playbacks simulating the territorial intrusion of a conspecific. We found that birds from the lower limits of the species distribution approached song stimuli more closely than those from the upper limits. Moreover, physically challenging songs (broad frequency bandwidths and fast trills) elicited a closer approach, and low elevation birds uttered songs ending with the broadest bandwidths. Other responses to the intrusion, such as the number of songs uttered or the latency to approach, exhibited seasonal or spatial variation irrespective of elevation. This study illustrates the decline of some trait associated with aggressive territorial behaviours during male-male conflicts along elevation, and points to the allocation in sexual signalling and motor constraints to signal production, as potential mechanisms underlying itThe research was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project CGL2011-2817 to PL, FPI grant BES-2012-053472 to G

Integration of cold ironing and renewable sources in the Barcelona smart port

Cold ironing, which is the procedure of supplying shoreside electrical power to a ship at berth when its engines are turned off, arises as the eco-friendly way to deliver power to ships while they are berthed in ports, thus avoiding the use of diesel engines onboard, which provokes the emission of large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The aim of this study is twofold. Firstly, a survey of research developments on cold ironing is carried out in order to show the state of the art on the problem of greenhouse gases emitted by ships while docked and how to tackle it. Current regulations and examples of current ports that make use of technologies for cold ironing purposes are also shown. Secondly, the study proposes the use of a cold ironing system in the port of Barcelona, where the power generation is entirely given by renewable energy systems (wind turbines and photovoltaic panels). The idea is to contribute to the wide spread of cold ironing within smart port microgrids to achieve the goal of zero emissions from berthed ships.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Influence of the chain length of surfactant in the modification of zeolites and clays. Removal of atrazine from water solutions

Influence of the chain length of surfactant in the modification of zeolites and clays. Removal of atrazine from water solutionsRemoval potentials of a surfactant modified zeolite (SMZ) and clay (SMC) for atrazine adsorption were evaluated. Materials were modified with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMABr) and benzyl octadecyl dimethyl ammonium (BODA) chloride considering the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of each one (0.94 and 0.041 meq/L, respectively). The influence of the surfactant was analyzed in detail, particularly the formation of surfactant layers (complete or partial) connected with the length of the surfactant tail (16 and 18 methyl groups or number of carbons in the chain). Raw materials were characterized by XRD and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), SMZ and SMC were analyzed by FTIR. Results obtained from kinetic adsorption experiments shown that equilibrium time is less for materials modified with HDTMA (8 h) than materials with BODA (10 and 12 h). Materials modified with the largest chain surfactant (BODA) showed more resistance to atrazine masse transference. The chemisorption was presented in the adsorption mechanisms of atrazine and adsorbent materials. Based on the results of adsorption isotherms Langmuir isotherms showed the better correlation coefficients value. The qmax is greater for materials modified with BODA (0.9232 and 4.2448 mg/g) than for materials modified with HDTMA (0.6731 and 3.9121 mg/g). Therefore, SMZ and SMC modified with the largest chain surfactant has more affinity for the pesticide. The removal process at high concentration of atrazine depends of the partition process but at lower concentration, it occurs not only by this process but also by absorption process