Política agraria y propaganda oficial: imágenes y representaciones de la España rural durante el franquismo

A lo largo de las casi cuatro décadas de gobierno, el franquismo diseñó un perfil claramente intervencionista que apuntó al desarrollo industrial implementando fuertes controles sobre la producción agraria así como sobre la organización de su mano de obra. Detrás de una "retórica agraria" que afirmaba querer transformar a España en un país de pequeños agricultores, se buscó legitimar la acción de un Estado que "desandaba" abruptamente el proceso de Reforma Agraria implementado durante la Segunda República. Toda la faceta "reformista" del "Nuevo Estado" en materia agraria quedó circunscripta al impulso de la colonización mediante la puesta en regadío, algunas mejoras técnicas y el asentamiento de colonos en pequeñas explotaciones de carácter familiar. El Instituto Nacional de Colonización (INC) tuvo un rol destacado en este proceso. El objetivo de esta ponencia es mostrar las características centrales de la política agraria del período poniendo particular énfasis en el análisis de la propaganda oficial que la acompañó. La documentación emanada de publicaciones como la Revista Vida Nueva, las Memorias del INC y los discursos de los funcionarios al Ministerio de Agricultura serán las fuentes centrales que nos permitan acercarnos a esta problemáticaFil: Blanco, Monica Alejandra. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios Politicos, Sociales y Juridicos; Argentin

Cameras peer of conciliation and arbitration. New spaces for the discussion of the rural property (1948-1956)

La política agraria diseñada por el peronismo a partir de los años cuarenta planteó como línea rectora propiciar el acceso de los productores a la propiedad de la tierra o, al menos, garantizar su estabilidad en las parcelas arrendadas. Las leyes de arrendamiento cumplieron, en este sentido, un rol central garantizando la tenencia de la tierra, cánones equilibrados y derechos esenciales a los productores. En este marco, las Cámaras Paritarias de Conciliación y Arbitraje Obligatorio constituyeron espacios claves para buscar solución a los conflictos que las particulares condiciones del agro estaban generando entre arrendatarios y propietarios. Este trabajo busca avanzar en el conocimiento de esta institución, su organización, constitución y dinámica. Más allá del planteo formal que nos propone la ley que contempla su diseño, los juicios en los que interviene dan cuenta de su funcionamiento, su visión sobre la propiedad rural y el rol que juegan en tanto nexo entre propietarios, productores y el Estado.The agricultural policy designed by the Peronism from the forties as raised line leadership promote the access of producers to land ownership, or at least, ensure its stability in the leased plots. The leasing laws were met, in this sense, a central role by ensuring the land tenure, cannons balanced and essential rights to the producers. In this framework, the Cameras Peer of Conciliation and Arbitration Compulsory were key spaces to seek a solution to the conflict that the particular conditions of agriculture were generating between tenants and owners. This work intends to advance in the knowledge of this institution, your organization, constitution and dynamics. Beyond the formal scheme proposed to us by the law that provides for its design, the trials in which intervenes give account of its operation, its vision about the rural property and its role in both nexus between owners, producers and the State.Fil: Blanco, Monica Alejandra. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Bs.as.. Facultad de Cs.humanas. Centro Interdisciplinario de Est. Politicos, Sociales y Juridicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentin

Arrendatarios y propietarios en disputa por la tierra: El conflicto agrario en el sudeste bonaerense (1920-1970)

La disputa por la libre disponibilidad de la tierra productiva en la región pampeana constituyó una constante que atravesó, bajo distintas modalidades, gran parte del siglo XX. Modalidades en las cuales tuvo un rol destacado, no solo el cambiante protagonismo de propietarios y arrendatarios, sino también el Estado, que mutó desde perfiles prescindentes en materia de legislación agraria hasta adoptar un carácter marcadamente interventor a partir de los años cuarenta. La sanción de leyes específicas en materia de arrendamientos rurales pero, fundamentalmente, su voluntad de aplicarlas fueron claras expresiones de ello. Numerosas y diversas demandas encontraron, entonces, expresión en los distintos ámbitos judiciales, permitiéndonos apreciar una conflictividad no siempre explícita pero presente, que posibilita acercarnos a la cotidianeidad de las relaciones entre los actores sociales del medio rural.Fil: Blanco, Monica Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentin

Parasitosis zoonóticas en un asentamiento a orillas del Río de La Plata

El barrio El Molino, alberga una población precarizada con conductas higiénico-sanitarias inadecuadas para la salud. El equipo de trabajo integra proyectos de Voluntariado Universitario, Extensión Universitaria e Incentivos docentes destinados a contribuir en la prevención, diagnóstico y mejora sanitaria del lugar, integrados por docentes y alumnos de 4 Facultades de la UNLP.ObjetivoDiagnosticar parasitosis zoonóticas en la población de un área de riesgo sanitario y analizar su relación con diversos factores de riesgo.Materiales y métodos Se colectaron 674 muestras fecales y 496 escobillados anales en personas de 0 a 80 años. Las muestras fecales se procesaron mediante técnicas de concentración y los escobillados se centrifugaron a 400 g. Se administraron tratamientos antiparasitarios a todos los positivos y se implementaron controles post-tratamiento a 86 personas. Se tomaron además 327 muestras fecales de perros mediante enema jabonoso para la búsqueda de parásitos zoonóticos. Se tomaron muestras sanguíneas a 103 personas de distintos sexos y edades diversas y a 333 caninos (con consentimiento informado). Las provenientes de humanos se procesaron mediante la técnica de ELISA con kits comerciales para el diagnóstico de Dirofilariasis y Toxocariasis. Las caninas por la técnica de Knott y Test de ELISA.Se realizaron 374 sondajes uretrales a caninos machos a fin de obtener orina y 234 ecografías abdominales investigando la posible presencia de Dioctophyma renale. Se realizó observación macroscópica de la piel de los caninos investigando la presencia de macro ectoparásitos y para micro ectoparásitos se recolectaron mediante raspado y montaje en vaselina. Se recolectaron muestras de suelos y bentos de las 60 manzanas que abarcan la zona, a razón de 8 unidades elementales se muestreo (UEM) por manzana, totalizando un N=104. Se realizaron encuestas a las familias y los datos se analizaron con Epi Info 7.ResultadosLos resultados se encuentran en las tablas 1, 2 y 3.DiscusiónLos resultados obtenidos confirman las características ecoepidemiológicas riesgosas para la salud existentes en el barrio, con elevada frecuencia de parásitos zoonóticos en humanos y caninos. Son necesarios mas controles posttratamiento con el objeto de corroborar la eficacia de la medicación, como así también, implementar test diagnósticos tempranos para las distintas enfermedades, a efectos de realizar en forma oportuna las intervenciones, evitando de ese modo la contaminación ambiental y dispersión a otras áreas.Fil: Radman, Nilda Ester. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Gamboa, María Inés. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Osen, Beatriz Amelia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Burgos. L.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Archelli, Susana Monica. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Butti, Marcos Javier. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Paladini, A.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Winter, Marina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Kozubsky, Leonora Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Costas, M. E.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, R.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Corbalán, Valeria Vanesa. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Giorello, Alejandra Nahili. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rube, A.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Blanco, M.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Espósito, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Marsilli, R.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Manfredi, Mauro Joaquin. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Córdoba, P.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; ArgentinaFil: Gutierres, C.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Laboratorio de Parasitosis Humanas y Zoonosis Parasitarias; Argentin

Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries