El Currículum de la Titulación de Educación Especial: un análisis de las necesidades de formación inicial y de la formación permanente del Profesorado en ejercicio

The work that we present corresponds to the thrid stage of a Project of Educational Quality Improvement of the Faculty of Sciences of the Education of Cordoba initiated in 1999-2000 course. Its basic objective consists of contributing to the improvement and adjustement of curriculum for the degree of Maestro/a in Special Education through, in this case, the study of the demands of the educational demands shown by professionals who work in this specific field in educative centers of this province and the professional roles expected for the students of the specialty. Its necessity is justified, firstly, by the establishment of the existing divergence between the professional identity handled by the pupils of that specialty and its connection with the professional exigencies which they will have to face in the future and, secondly, if this divergence is stated, to cause the collective reflection of the university teaching staff on the professional models that are trasmitted and how to improve the educational task and the curricula in order to adapt them to the necessities and present social demands.El trabajo que presentamos corresponde a la tercera etapa de un Proyecto de Mejora de la Calidad Docente de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion de Córdoba iniciado en el curso 1999-2000. Su objetivo básico consiste en contribuir al perfeccionamiento y adecuación del currículo formativo para la Titulación de Maestro/a en Educación Especial a través, en este caso, del estudio de las demandas de formación que manifiestan los profesionales que trabajan en este campo específico en centros educativos de esta provincia y los roles profesionales esperados por los y las estudiantes de la especialidad.Su necesidad de justifica, en primer lugar, por la constatación de la divergencia existente entre la identidad profesional que manejaba el Alumnado de esa especialidad y su conexión con las exigencias profesionales a las que deberán enfrentarse en el futuro y, en segundo, caso de constatarse esta divergencia provocar la reflexión colectiva del Profesorado universitario sobre los modelos profesionales que se transmiten y cómo mejorar el quehacer docente y los currículos al objeto de adecuarlos a las necesidades y demandas sociales actuales

Global transcriptome analysis of Lactococcus garvieae strains in response to temperature

Lactococcus garvieae is an important fish and an opportunistic human pathogen. The genomic sequences of several L. garvieae strains have been recently published, opening the possibility of global studies on the biology of this pathogen. In this study, a whole genome DNA microarray of two strains of L. garvieae was designed and validated. This DNA microarray was used to investigate the effects of growth temperature (18°C and 37°C) on the transcriptome of two clinical strains of L. garvieae that were isolated from fish (Lg8831) and from a human case of septicemia (Lg21881). The transcriptome profiles evidenced a strain-specific response to temperature, which was more evident at 18°C. Among the most significant findings, Lg8831 was found to up-regulate at 18°C several genes encoding different cold-shock and cold-induced proteins involved in an efficient adaptive response of this strain to low-temperature conditions. Another relevant result was the description, for the first time, of respiratory metabolism in L. garvieae, whose gene expression regulation was temperature-dependent in Lg21881. This study provides new insights about how environmental factors such as temperature can affect L. garvieae gene expression. These data could improve our understanding of the regulatory networks and adaptive biology of this important pathogen

Role of the microtubule-targeting drug vinflunine on cell-cell adhesions in bladder epithelial tumour cells

Background: Vinflunine (VFL) is a microtubule-targeting drug that suppresses microtubule dynamics, showing anti-metastatic properties both in vitro and in living cancer cells. An increasing body of evidence underlines the influence of the microtubules dynamics on the cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesions. E-cadherin is a marker of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and a tumour suppressor; its reduced levels in carcinoma are associated with poor prognosis. In this report, we investigate the role of VFL on cell-cell adhesions in bladder epithelial tumour cells. Methods: Human bladder epithelial tumour cell lines HT1376, 5637, SW780, T24 and UMUC3 were used to analyse cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesions under VFL treatment. VFL effect on growth inhibition was measured by using a MTT colorimetric cell viability assay. Western blot, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy analyses were performed to assess the roles of VFL effect on cell-cell adhesions, epithelial-to-mesenchymal markers and apoptosis. The role of the proteasome in controlling cell-cell adhesion was studied using the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Results: We show that VFL induces cell death in bladder cancer cells and activates epithelial differentiation of the remaining living cells, leading to an increase of E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion and a reduction of mesenchymal markers, such as N-cadherin or vimentin. Moreover, while E-cadherin is increased, the levels of Hakai, an E3 ubiquitin-ligase for E-cadherin, were significantly reduced in presence of VFL. In 5637, this reduction on Hakai expression was blocked by MG132 proteasome inhibitor, indicating that the proteasome pathway could be one of the molecular mechanisms involved in its degradation. Conclusions: Our findings underscore a critical function for VFL in cell-cell adhesions of epithelial bladder tumour cells, suggesting a novel molecular mechanism by which VFL may impact upon EMT and metastasis

The association of Lactococcus petauri with lactococcosis is older than expected

Lactococcosis is a globally prevalent infectious disease that has a significant economic and sanitary impact on the rainbow trout industry. Lactococcus garvieae has traditionally been considered the only species implicated in the etiology of this disease, but Lactococcus petauri, a new species, has recently been implicated as another etiological agent. Both species cannot be distinguished by routine methods commonly used in diagnostic laboratories, resulting in their misidentification. In the present study, the identification of 48 isolates initially identified as L. garvieae was studied by determining their in-silico DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values using pairwise comparisons of their whole genome sequences and the genomes of the type strains of L. garvieae and L. petauri. The genome sequences of 37 isolates from countries in which lactococcosis can be considered endemic (Spain, Italy, Türkiye, and Greece) were obtained in this study, and the genomes of 11 isolates were retrieved from the GenBank database. Isolates from Italy, Singapore, Japan, South Korea, India, one Turkish isolate from 2013 and two Spanish isolates recovered in 1992 and 1996 were confirmed as L. garvieae. The remaining isolates from Spain and Türkiye, as well as those from Portugal, Israel, USA, and Greece were identified as L. petauri. Overall, 60.4% of isolates previously identified as L. garvieae were found to be L. petauri. These results confirm the implication of both species in the etiology of lactococcosis and suggest that L. petauri plays a significant role in the epidemiology of this disease. Some of the isolates identified as L. petauri in the present study were isolated three decades ago, indicating that its association with lactococcosis is older than might be expected from the recent descriptions. The commercial Rapid ID32 Strep system was unable to discriminate between L. garvieae and L. petauri. However, both species exhibited some biochemical differences that might serve as phenotypic markers for their presumptive recognition. Consequently, isolates that hydrolyze hippurate and produce acid from sucrose and tagatose could be presumptively recognized as L. petauri, while those that fail these tests could be identified as L. garvieae. The results of this work indicate that great attention should be given to L. petauri in the epidemiology of lactococcosis

Chronic ethanol induces morpohological changes on hippocampal microglia, which are reverted by pharmacological blockade of faah with urb597

Tipo de presentación: PósterHere, we evaluated the pharmacological effects of fatty-acid amide-hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 (0.3 mg/kg), oleoylethanolamide (OEA, 10 mg/kg), arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA, 10 mg/kg), the CB1 receptor agonist ACEA (3 mg/kg) and the CB2 receptor agonist JWH133 (0.2 mg/kg) administered for 5 days in a rat model of sub-chronic (2 weeks) ethanol diet (11% v/v) exposure. As a result of these trials, URB597 turned to be the most effective treatment. Contrary to ethanol, URB597 reduced the mRNA levels of Iba-1, Tnfα, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), as well as the number of cells expressing GFAP or iNOS. Moreover, URB597 effects on hippocampal immune system were accompanied by changes in short and long-term visual recognition memory. Microglial morphometric analysis pointed out significant changes after ethanol exposure, suggesting that microglial cell morphology is closely related to ethanol-induced neuroinflammation. Ethanol provoked changes in fractal dimension, lacunarity, density, roughness, cell area and cell perimeter, which explain a decreased complexity of branches and increased cell surface irregularities. Such changes may represent a chronic activation state of microglia. In addition, ethanol effects on the microglial morphological parameters density and fractal dimension were reverted by URB597. Thus, this FAAH inhibitor was able to counteract the sub-chronic ethanol-induced morphological changes of microglia, resulting in a more compact and increased branch complexity, which apparently relate to a less activated state. Therefore, these morphometric parameters are sensitive and valuable tools to evaluate the chronic activation of microglia by ethanol and its pharmacological blockade.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. RETICS Red de Trastornos Adictivos, ISCIII, MINECO, ERDF-EU (RD16/0017/0001; PI17/02026; SAF2017-83645R). Plan Nacional sobre Drogas, MSCBS (PNSD2015/047; PND2017/043). Proyectos de investigación de excelencia, Junta de Andalucía (P11-CVI-07637)

Strategy for the identification of the tumor intrinsic QTL determining the response to treatment of ERBB2 breast cancer

Resumen del póster presentado al VII Simposium Bases Biológicas del Cáncer y Terapias Personalizadas, celebrado en el Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC-IBMCC) del 21 al 22 de mayo de 2015.-- et al.Este póster ha ganado el 1er premio en el Concurso de Pósters de Oncología Básica y Traslacional en Oncología para Jóvenes Investigadores, celebrado durante el VII Simposium Bases Biológicas del Cáncer y Terapias Personalizadas.An essential aspect of breast cancer is its different evolution among patients with the same histopathological disease. Moreover, cancer is a tissue growing in the context of a complex organism, thus it can be identified two main sources of variability responsible for the disease behavior: intrinsic and extrinsic factors which act, respectively, mainly inside the tumor cells and outside them at local or systemic levels. Our aim is to identify intrinsic factors to the tumor cells responsible for the different responses of breast cancer to chemotherapy with Doxorubicin and Docetaxel. For this purpose, we collected tumors developed in a cohort of genetically heterogeneous mice from a backcross between a resistant strain to breast cancer (C57BL/6) and a susceptible one (FVB) which overexpress the cNeu/ErbB2 protooncogene controlled by the MMTV promoter. The backcross mice were genotyped by SNP analysis. To identify tumor intrinsic factors controlling the response to chemotherapy, we transplanted 125 tumors collected from the backcross mice into singenic F1-C57/FVB mice to remove variability coming from the host compartments. Each tumor was transplanted into two F1 recipient mice; each one was treated with Doxorubicin or Docetaxel, and we studied tumor response to treatment. Linkage analysis permits us to identify QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) controlling susceptibility to mammary cancer and evolution of the disease in the backcross population, and the specific intrinsic QTL associated with different chemotherapy responses in the F1 mice. Moreover, we are studying molecular and signalling pathways that control chemotherapy responses and the QTL associated with them. The identification of breast cancer susceptibility genes and their pathways associated with different response to chemotherapy will be important for the prediction of human breast cancer evolution during therapy, and to learn about the mechanisms involved in resistance to chemotherapy, thus it would help to develop new preventive and therapeutic strategies.Peer Reviewe

Sentinels of Seabed (SoS) indicator: Assessing benthic habitats condition using typical and sensitive species

Indicators are key tools used to assess the ecological status of the environment for ecosystem based management. Anthropogenic disturbances produce changes to habitat condition, which include modifications in species composition and their functions. Monitoring a group of sentinel species (from a taxonomic and functional point of view) provides useful insights into benthic habitat condition. Here, a new indicator, Sentinels of the Seabed (SoS) is proposed to assess state of benthic habitats using “sentinel” species (species which are characteristic of a habitat and sensitive to a given pressure). The selection of these sentinel species has two stages. First, a ‘typical species set’ is computed using intra-habitat similarity and frequency under reference conditions. Second, the ‘sentinel species set’ is generated by selecting the most sensitive species from the typical species set. This selection is made using specific indexes able to assess species sensitivity to a particular pressure. The SoS indicator method was tested on six case studies and two different pressure types (trawling disturbance and pollution), using data from otter trawl, box-corer and Remote Operate Vehicle images. In each scenario, the SoS indicator was compared to the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef index and total biomass, being the only metric, which showed the expected significant negative response to pressure in all cases. Our results shows that SoS was highly effective in assessing benthic habitats status under both physical and chemical pressures, regardless of the sampling gear, the habitat, or the case study, showing a great potential to be a useful tool in the management of marine ecosystems.Versión del editor2,69

Patients’ Opinions about Knowing Their Risk for Depression and What to Do about It. The PredictD-Qualitative Study

[Background] The predictD study developed and validated a risk algorithm for predicting the onset of major depression in primary care. We aimed to explore the opinion of patients about knowing their risk for depression and the values and criteria upon which these opinions are based. [Methods] A maximum variation sample of patients was taken, stratified by city, age, gender, immigrant status, socio-economic status and lifetime depression. The study participants were 52 patients belonging to 13 urban health centres in seven different cities around Spain. Seven Focus Groups (FGs) were given held with primary care patients, one for each of the seven participating cities. [Results] The results showed that patients generally welcomed knowing their risk for depression. Furthermore, in light of available evidence several patients proposed potential changes in their lifestyles to prevent depression. Patients generally preferred to ask their General Practitioners (GPs) for advice, though mental health specialists were also mentioned. They suggested that GPs undertake interventions tailored to each patient, from a “patient-centred” approach, with certain communication skills, and giving advice to help patients cope with the knowledge that they are at risk of becoming depressed. [Conclusions] Patients are pleased to be informed about their risk for depression. We detected certain beliefs, attitudes, values, expectations and behaviour among the patients that were potentially useful for future primary prevention programmes on depression.This work was supported by grants from the Andalusian Council of Health [grant reference: 2008/0195][www.juntadeandalucia.es/fundacionprogres​oysalud]; the Department of Health of the Basque Government [grant reference: 2008/111021][www.osakidetza.euskadi.net]; the Spanish Network of Primary Care Research “redIAPP” (RD06/0018), the “Aragón group” (RD06/0018/0020), the “Sant Joan de Deu group” (RD07/0018/0017), “Bizkaya group” (RD07/0018/0018), “Castilla-León group” (RD07/0018/0027) and the “SAMSERAP group” (RD06/0018/0039 and CTS-587) [www.rediapp.org]

Epidemiology of psychiatric morbidity among migrants compared to native born population in Spain: a controlled study

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to explore the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in different immigrant groups in Spain. In keeping with prior studies carried out in Europe, it is expected that the immigrant population will have elevated levels of psychopathology, with some variation across immigrant groups. METHOD: Design: Multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study. Setting: Primary care settings of two Spanish regions. Sample: N=1.503 immigrants paired with the same number of Spanish controls, adjusted by gender and age. Variables: Demographic variables, MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Standardized Polyvalent Psychiatric Interview, somatic symptoms section. Student's t tests, ORs and logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: No differences in psychiatric morbidity were found (native born 30.9%, population vs. immigrants 29.6%, OR=.942, CI=.806-1.100) when comparing immigrants to native born Spaniards. Relative to Spaniards (30.9%), Latin American immigrants had significantly higher levels of psychopathology (36.8%), Sub-Saharan Africans (24.4%) and Asians (16%) had significantly lower levels, and Eastern Europeans (31.4%) and North Africans (26.8%) showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: The hypotheses were only partially supported. Although overall immigrants did not differ from the native born population, when analyzed by geographic origin, only Latin Americans had higher levels of psychopathology. It is concluded that multiple factors need to be taken into consideration when studying the mental health of immigrants given that different immigrant groups have different levels of psychopathology