76 research outputs found
Systematic assessment of the Panopeidae and broader Eubrachyura (Decapoda: Brachyura) using mitochondrial genomics
Abstract This study provides a broad phylogenetic analysis for the Eubrachyura, with the inclusion of three new Panopeidae mitochondrial genomes: Eurypanopeus depressus (flatback mud crab) (15,854bp), Panopeus herbstii (Atlantic mud crab) (15,812bp) and Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Harris, or ‘white-fingered’ mud crab) (15,892bp). These new mitogenomes were analyzed alongside all available brachyuran mitochondrial genomes (n = 113), comprising 80 genera from 29 families, to provide an updated phylogenetic analysis of the infra-order Brachyura (“true crabs”). Our analyses support the subsection Potamoida within the Eubrachyura as the sister group to Thoracotremata. The family Panopeidae aligns with the family Xanthidae to form the Xanthoidea branch, which is supported by current morphological and genetic taxonomy. A unique gene arrangement termed ‘XanGO’ was identified for the panopeids and varies relative to other members of the subsection Heterotremata (within the Eubrachyura) via a transposition of the trnV gene. This gene arrangement is novel and is shared between several Xanthoidea species, including Etisus anaglyptus (hairy spooner crab), Atergatis floridus (brown egg crab), and Atergatis integerrimus (red egg crab), suggesting that it is a conserved gene arrangement within the Xanthoidea superfamily. Our study further reveals a need for taxonomic revision of some brachyuran groups, particularly the Sesarmidae. The inclusion of panopeid mitogenomes into the greater brachyuran phylogeny increases our understanding of crab evolution and higher level Eubrachyuran systematics
Circular Single-Stranded DNA Virus (Microviridae: Gokushovirinae: Jodiemicrovirus) Associated with the Pathobiome of the Flat-Back Mud Crab, Eurypanopeus depressus
A single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus is presented from a metagenomic data set derived from Alphaproteobacteria-infected hepatopancreatic tissues of the crab Eurypanopeus depressus. The circular virus genome (4,768 bp) encodes 14 hypothetical proteins, some similar to other bacteriophages (Microviridae). Based on its relatedness to other Microviridae, this virus represents a member of a novel genus.Joyner Open Access Publishing Support Fun
Globular Cluster Systems in Giant Ellipticals: the Mass/Metallicity Relation
Hubble Space Telescope ACS/WFC data in (B,I) are used to investigate the
globular cluster populations around 6 gE galaxies ~40 Mpc distant. The total
comprises a sample of ~8000 high-probability globular clusters. PSF-convolved
King-model profiles are used to measure their individual total magnitudes,
colors, and effective radii. The classic bimodal form of the GC color-magnitude
distribution shows up unambiguously in all the galaxies, allowing an accurate
definition of the mean colors along each of the two sequences as a function of
magnitude (the mass/metallicity relation or MMR). The blue, metal-poor cluster
sequence shows a clearly defined but nonlinear MMR, changing smoothly from a
near-vertical sequence at low luminosity to an increasingly redward slope at
higher luminosity, while the red, metal-rich sequence is nearly vertical at all
luminosities. All the observed features of the present data agree with the
interpretation that the MMR is created primarily by GC self-enrichment, along
the lines of the quantitative model of Bailin and Harris (2009): The
"threshold" mass at which this effect should become noticeable is near 1
million Solar masses, which is closely consistent with the transition region
that is seen in the data. Correlation of the median half-light radii of the GCs
with other parameters shows that the metal-poor clusters are consistently 17%
larger than those of the metal-rich clusters, at all galactocentric distances
and luminosities. At the same time, cluster size scales with halo location as
r_h ~ R_gc^0.11, indicating that both metallicity and the external tidal
environment play roles in determining the scale size of a given cluster.
Lastly, both the red and blue GC components show metallicity gradients with
galactocentric distance, following Z ~ R_gc^-0.1.Comment: In press for Astrophysical Journal. Complete preprint with higher
quality figures is available at
http://physwww.mcmaster.ca/%7Eharris/Publications.htm
Early-type galaxies in the SDSS. I. The sample
A sample of nearly 9000 early-type galaxies, in the redshift range 0.01 < z <
0.3, was selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey using morphological and
spectral criteria. This paper describes how the sample was selected, presents
examples of images and seeing corrected fits to the observed surface brightness
profiles, describes our method for estimating K-corrections, and shows that the
SDSS spectra are of sufficiently high quality to measure velocity dispersions
accurately. It also provides catalogs of the measured photometric and
spectroscopic parameters. In related papers, these data are used to study how
early-type galaxy observables, including luminosity, effective radius, surface
brightness, color, and velocity dispersion, are correlated with one another.Comment: 63 pages, 21 figures. Accepted by AJ (scheduled for April 2003). This
paper is part I of a revised version of astro-ph/0110344. The full version of
Tables 2 and 3, i.e. the tables listing the photometric and spectroscopic
parameters of ~ 9000 galaxies, are available at
http://astrophysics.phys.cmu.edu/~bernardi/SDSS/Etypes/TABLE
Early-type galaxies in the SDSS. IV. Colors and chemical evolution
The colors and chemical abundances of early-type galaxies at redshifts z<0.3
are studied using a sample of nearly 9000 galaxies, selected from the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey using morphological and spectral criteria. In this sample,
redder galaxies have larger velocity dispersions. Color also correlates with
magnitude and size, but these correlations are entirely due to the L-sigma and
R_o-sigma relations: the primary correlation is color-sigma. The red light in
early-type galaxies is, on average, slightly more centrally concentrated than
the blue. Because of these color gradients, the strength of the
color--magnitude relation depends on whether or not the colors are defined
using a fixed metric aperture. Chemical evolution and star formation histories
of early-type galaxies are investigated using co-added spectra of similar
objects. At fixed sigma, the population at z ~ 0.2 had weaker Mg_2 and stronger
H_beta absorption compared to the population at z ~ 0. It was also bluer.
Comparison of these colors and line-strengths, and their evolution, with
single-burst stellar population models suggests a formation time of 9 Gyrs ago,
consistent with a Fundamental Plane analysis of this sample.Comment: 38 pages, 16 figures. Accepted by AJ (scheduled for April 2003). This
paper is part IV of a revised version of astro-ph/0110344. The full version
of Table 3 and the 182 composite spectra can be downloaded from
http://astrophysics.phys.cmu.edu/~bernardi/SDSS/Etypes/SPECFITS A README file
(bernardi4.README) explains the content of the director
Early-type galaxies in the SDSS. III. The Fundamental Plane
A magnitude limited sample of nearly 9000 early-type galaxies, in the
redshift range 0.01 < z < 0.3, was selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
using morphological and spectral criteria. The Fundamental Plane relation in
this sample is R_o ~ sigma^{1.49\pm 0.05} I_o^{-0.75\pm 0.01} in the r* band.
It is approximately the same in the g*, i* and z* bands. Relative to the
population at the median redshift in the sample, galaxies at lower and higher
redshifts have evolved only little. If the Fundamental Plane is used to
quantify this evolution then the apparent magnitude limit can masquerade as
evolution; once this selection effect has been accounted for, the evolution is
consistent with that of a passively evolving population which formed the bulk
of its stars about 9 Gyrs ago. One of the principal advangtages of the SDSS
sample over previous samples is that the galaxies in it lie in environments
ranging from isolation in the field to the dense cores of clusters. The
Fundamental Plane shows that galaxies in dense regions are slightly different
from galaxies in less dense regions.Comment: 27 pages, 10 figures. Accepted by AJ (scheduled for April 2003). This
paper is part III of a revised version of astro-ph/011034
The Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
This paper describes the Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
(SDSS), marking the completion of the original goals of the SDSS and the end of
the phase known as SDSS-II. It includes 11663 deg^2 of imaging data, with most
of the roughly 2000 deg^2 increment over the previous data release lying in
regions of low Galactic latitude. The catalog contains five-band photometry for
357 million distinct objects. The survey also includes repeat photometry over
250 deg^2 along the Celestial Equator in the Southern Galactic Cap. A
coaddition of these data goes roughly two magnitudes fainter than the main
survey. The spectroscopy is now complete over a contiguous area of 7500 deg^2
in the Northern Galactic Cap, closing the gap that was present in previous data
releases. There are over 1.6 million spectra in total, including 930,000
galaxies, 120,000 quasars, and 460,000 stars. The data release includes
improved stellar photometry at low Galactic latitude. The astrometry has all
been recalibrated with the second version of the USNO CCD Astrograph Catalog
(UCAC-2), reducing the rms statistical errors at the bright end to 45
milli-arcseconds per coordinate. A systematic error in bright galaxy photometr
is less severe than previously reported for the majority of galaxies. Finally,
we describe a series of improvements to the spectroscopic reductions, including
better flat-fielding and improved wavelength calibration at the blue end,
better processing of objects with extremely strong narrow emission lines, and
an improved determination of stellar metallicities. (Abridged)Comment: 20 pages, 10 embedded figures. Accepted to ApJS after minor
correction
The synthetic psychology of the self
Synthetic psychology describes the approach of “understanding through building” applied to the human condition. In this chapter, we consider the specific challenge of synthesizing a robot “sense of self”. Our starting hypothesis is that the human self is brought into being by the activity of a set of transient self-processes instantiated by the brain and body. We propose that we can synthesize a robot self by developing equivalent sub-systems within an integrated biomimetic cognitive architecture for a humanoid robot. We begin the chapter by motivating this work in the context of the criteria for recognizing other minds, and the challenge of benchmarking artificial intelligence against human, and conclude by describing efforts to create a sense of self for the iCub humanoid robot that has ecological, temporally-extended, interpersonal and narrative components set within a multi-layered model of mind
The National Early Warning Score and its subcomponents recorded within ±24 hours of emergency medical admission are poor predictors of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury
YesBackground: Hospital-acquired Acute Kidney Injury (H-AKI) is a common cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality.
Aim: To determine if the patients’ vital signs data as defined by a National Early Warning Score (NEWS), can predict H-AKI following emergency admission to hospital.
Methods: Analyses of emergency admissions to York hospital over 24-months with NEWS data. We report the area under the curve (AUC) for logistic regression models that used the index NEWS (model A0), plus age and sex (A1), plus subcomponents of NEWS (A2) and two-way interactions (A3). Likewise for maximum NEWS (models B0,B1,B2,B3).
Results: 4.05% (1361/33608) of emergency admissions had H-AKI. Models using the index NEWS had the lower AUCs (0.59 to 0.68) than models using the maximum NEWS AUCs (0.75 to 0.77). The maximum NEWS model (B3) was more sensitivity than the index NEWS model (A0) (67.60% vs 19.84%) but identified twice as many cases as being at risk of H-AKI (9581 vs 4099) at a NEWS of 5.
Conclusions: The index NEWS is a poor predictor of H-AKI. The maximum NEWS is a better predictor but seems unfeasible because it is only knowable in retrospect and is associated with a substantial increase in workload albeit with improved sensitivity.The Health Foundatio
- …