CEPSim: Modelling and Simulation of Complex Event Processing Systems in Cloud Environments

The emergence of Big Data has had profound impacts on how data are stored and processed. As technologies created to process continuous streams of data with low latency, Complex Event Processing (CEP) and Stream Processing (SP) have often been related to the Big Data velocity dimension and used in this context. Many modern CEP and SP systems leverage cloud environments to provide the low latency and scalability required by Big Data applications, yet validating these systems at the required scale is a research problem per se. Cloud computing simulators have been used as a tool to facilitate reproducible and repeatable experiments in clouds. Nevertheless, existing simulators are mostly based on simple application and simulation models that are not appropriate for CEP or for SP. This article presents CEPSim, a simulator for CEP and SP systems in cloud environments. CEPSim proposes a query model based on Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) and introduces a simulation algorithm based on a novel abstraction called event sets. CEPSim is highly customizable and can be used to analyze the performance and scalability of user-defined queries and to evaluate the effects of various query processing strategies. Experimental results show that CEPSim can simulate existing systems in large Big Data scenarios with accuracy and precision

Fatores de risco para quedas em pacientes adultos hospitalizados: um estudo caso-controle

Objective: to identify risk factors for falls in hospitalized adult patients. Methods: a matched case-control study (one control for each case). A quantitative study conducted in clinical and surgical units of a teaching hospital in Southern Brazil. The sample comprised 358 patients. Data were collected over 18 months between 2013-2014. Data analysis was performed with descriptive statistics and conditional logistic regression using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 18.0. Results: risk factors identified were: disorientation/confusion [OR 4.25 (1.99 to 9.08), p<0.001]; frequent urination [OR 4.50 (1.86 to 10.87), p=0.001]; walking limitation [OR 4.34 (2.05 to 9.14), p<0.001]; absence of caregiver [OR 0.37 (0.22 to 0.63), p<0.001]; postoperative period [OR 0.50 (0.26 to 0.94), p=0.03]; and number of medications administered within 72 hours prior the fall [OR 1.20 (1.04 to 1.39) p=0.01]. Conclusion: risk for falls is multifactorial. However, understanding these factors provides support to clinical decision-making and positively influences patient safety.Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo para la ocurrencia de caídas en pacientes adultos hospitalizados. Métodos: un estudio caso-control emparejado (un control para cada caso). Investigación cuantitativa llevada a cabo en unidades clínicas y quirúrgicas de un hospital universitario en el Sur de Brasil. La muestra constó de 358 pacientes. Se recopilaron datos durante 18 meses, entre 2013-2014. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y regresión logística condicional, utilizando el Microsoft Excel y el SPSS versión 18.0. Resultados: los factores de riesgo identificados fueron: desorientación/confusión [OR 4,25 (1,99 a 9,08), p<0,001]; micción frecuente [OR 4,50 (1,86 a 10,87), p=0,001]; limitación para caminar [OR 4,34 (2,05 a 9,14), p<0,001]; ausencia de cuidadores [OR 0,37 (0,22 a 0,63), p<0,001]; período postoperatorio [OR 0,50 (0,26 a 0,94), p=0,03]; y número de medicamentos administrados dentro de las 72 horas previas a la caída [OR 1,20 (1,04 a 1,39) p=0,01]. Conclusión: los riesgos de caídas son multifactoriales. Sin embargo, la comprensión de estos factores respalda la toma de decisiones clínicas y tiene un impacto positivo en la seguridad del paciente.Objetivo: identificar os fatores de risco para a ocorrência de quedas em pacientes adultos hospitalizados. Métodos: estudo do tipo caso-controle pareado (um controle para cada caso). Pesquisa quantitativa realizada em unidades clínicas e cirúrgicas de um hospital universitário da região Sul do Brasil. A amostra incluiu 358 pacientes. Os dados foram coletados durante 18 meses, entre 2013-2014. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva e regressão logística condicional, utilizando o Microsoft Excel e o SPSS versão 18.0. Resultados: os fatores de risco identificados foram: desorientação/confusão [OR 4,25 (1,99 a 9,08), p<0,001]; micção frequente [OR 4,50 (1,86 a 10,87), p=0,001]; limitação para caminhar [OR 4,34 (2,05 a 9,14), p<0,001]; ausência de cuidador [OR 0,37 (0,22 a 0,63), p<0,001]; período pós-operatório [OR 0,50 (0,26 a 0,94), p=0,03]; e o número de medicamentos administrados nas 72 horas anteriores à queda [OR 1,20 (1,04 a 1,39) p=0,01]. Conclusão: os riscos para quedas são multifatoriais. Todavia, conhecê-los dá suporte à decisão clínica do enfermeiro, o que contribui para a busca das melhores intervenções preventivas e impacta positivamente na segurança dos pacientes

Anxiolytic Effects of the MCH1R Antagonist TPI 1361-17

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that acts on the MCH1 receptor. MCH1R is expressed widely throughout the brain, particularly in regions thought to be involved in the regulation of stress and emotional response. The role of MCH in anxiety has been controversial, however. Central administration of MCH has been reported to promote or reduce anxiety-like behaviors. The anxiolytic activity of several MCH1R antagonists has also been debated. To address this issue, we have tested whether TPI 1361-17, a highly specific and high affinity MCH1R antagonist, exerts anxiolytic effects in two commonly used models of anxiety, the elevated plus maze and the light–dark transition test. We show that this MCH1R antagonist exerts potent anxiolytic effects in both assays. Our study therefore supports previous studies indicating that MCH1R antagonists may be useful in the treatment of anxiety

Intravenous apoptotic spleen cell infusion induces a TGF-beta-dependent regulatory T-cell expansion.: Apoptosis and regulatory T cells

International audienceApoptotic leukocytes are endowed with immunomodulatory properties that can be used to enhance hematopoietic engraftment and prevent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). This apoptotic cell-induced tolerogenic effect is mediated by host macrophages and not recipient dendritic cells or donor phagocytes present in the bone marrow graft as evidenced by selective cell depletion and trafficking experiments. Furthermore, apoptotic cell infusion is associated with TGF-beta-dependent donor CD4+CD25+ T-cell expansion. Such cells have a regulatory phenotype (CD62L(high) and intracellular CTLA-4+), express high levels of forkhead-box transcription factor p3 (Foxp3) mRNA and exert ex vivo suppressive activity through a cell-to-cell contact mechanism. In vivo CD25 depletion after apoptotic cell infusion prevents the apoptotic cell-induced beneficial effects on engraftment and GvHD occurrence. This highlights the role of regulatory T cells in the tolerogenic effect of apoptotic cell infusion. This novel association between apoptosis and regulatory T-cell expansion may also contribute to preventing deleterious autoimmune responses during normal turnover

High levels of genetic differentiation and selfing in the Brazilian cerrado fruit tree Dipteryx alata Vog. (Fabaceae)

Dipteryx alata is a native fruit tree species of the cerrado (Brazilian savanna) that has great economic potential because of its multiple uses. Knowledge of how the genetic variability of this species is organized within and among populations would be useful for genetic conservation and breeding programs. We used nine simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers developed for Dipteryx odorata to evaluate the genetic structure of three populations of D. alata located in central Brazil based on a leaf sample analysis from 101 adults. The outcrossing rate was evaluated using 300 open-pollinated offspring from 25 seed-trees. Pollen dispersal was measured by parentage analysis. We used spatial genetic structure (SGS) to test the minimal distance for harvesting seeds in conservation and breeding programs. Our data indicate that the populations studied had a high degree of genetic diversity and population structure, as suggested by the high level of divergence among populations . The estimated outcrossing rate suggested a mixed mating system, and the intrapopulation fixation index was influenced by SGS. We conclude that seed harvesting for genetic conservation and breeding programs requires a minimum distance between trees of 196 m to avoid collecting seeds from related seed-trees

Genetic diversity of Leishmania amazonensis strains isolated in northeastern Brazil as revealed by DNA sequencing, PCR-based analyses and molecular karyotyping

Abstract\ud \ud \ud \ud Background\ud \ud Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infection in man results in a clinical spectrum of disease manifestations ranging from cutaneous to mucosal or visceral involvement. In the present study, we have investigated the genetic variability of 18 L. amazonensis strains isolated in northeastern Brazil from patients with different clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis. Parasite DNA was analyzed by sequencing of the ITS flanking the 5.8 S subunit of the ribosomal RNA genes, by RAPD and SSR-PCR and by PFGE followed by hybridization with gene-specific probes.\ud \ud \ud \ud Results\ud \ud ITS sequencing and PCR-based methods revealed genetic heterogeneity among the L. amazonensis isolates examined and molecular karyotyping also showed variation in the chromosome size of different isolates. Unrooted genetic trees separated strains into different groups.\ud \ud \ud \ud Conclusion\ud \ud These results indicate that L. amazonensis strains isolated from leishmaniasis patients from northeastern Brazil are genetically diverse, however, no correlation between genetic polymorphism and phenotype were found.We thank Lucile FloeterWinter for critical reading of the manuscript and Artur T.L. de Queiroz for initial help with phylogenetic analysis. This work is supported by grants from CNPq, FAPESB and PAPES/FIOCRUZ. J.P.C. de Oliveira was supported by a CNPq fellowship; C.I.O. and F.M.C.F were supported by a FAPESB fellowship. AAC, AB, and CIO are senior investigators from CNPq. AB is a senior investigator for Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia (iii).We thank Lucile Floeter-Winter for critical reading of the manuscript and Artur T.L. de Queiroz for initial help with phylogenetic analysis. This work is supported by grants from CNPq, FAPESB and PAPES/FIOCRUZ. J.P.C. de Oliveira was supported by a CNPq fellowship; C.I.O. and F.M.C.F were supported by a FAPESB fellowship. AAC, AB, and CIO are senior investigators from CNPq. AB is a senior investigator for Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia (iii)

Median raphe region stimulation alone generates remote, but not recent fear memory traces

The median raphe region (MRR) is believed to control the fear circuitry indirectly, by influencing the encoding and retrieval of fear memories by amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Here we show that in addition to this established role, MRR stimulation may alone elicit the emergence of remote but not recent fear memories. We substituted electric shocks with optic stimulation of MRR in C57BL/6N male mice in an optogenetic conditioning paradigm and found that stimulations produced agitation, but not fear, during the conditioning trial. Contextual fear, reflected by freezing was not present the next day, but appeared after a 7 days incubation. The optogenetic silencing of MRR during electric shocks ameliorated conditioned fear also seven, but not one day after conditioning. The optogenetic stimulation patterns (50Hz theta burst and 20Hz) used in our tests elicited serotonin release in vitro and lead to activation primarily in the periaqueductal gray examined by c-Fos immunohistochemistry. Earlier studies demonstrated that fear can be induced acutely by stimulation of several subcortical centers, which, however, do not generate persistent fear memories. Here we show that the MRR also elicits fear, but this develops slowly over time, likely by plastic changes induced by the area and its connections. These findings assign a specific role to the MRR in fear learning. Particularly, we suggest that this area is responsible for the durable sensitization of fear circuits towards aversive contexts, and by this, it contributes to the persistence of fear memories. This suggests the existence a bottom-up control of fear circuits by the MRR, which complements the top-down control exerted by the medial prefrontal cortex

Two years survival rate of class II composite resin restorations prepared by ART with and without a chemomechanical caries removal gel in primary molars

The aim was to test the null hypotheses that there is no difference: (1) in carious lesion development at the restoration margin between class II composite resin restorations in primary molars produced through the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with and without a chemomechanical caries removal gel and (2) in the survival rate of class II composite resin restorations between two treatment groups after 2 years. Three hundred twenty-seven children with 568 class II cavitated lesions were included in a parallel mouth study design. Four operators placed resin composite (Filtek Z 250) restorations bonded with a self-etch adhesive (Adper prompt L pop). Two independent examiners evaluated the restorations after 0.5, 1, and 2 years using the modified Ryge criteria. The Kaplan–Meier survival method was applied to estimate survival percentages. A high proportion of restorations were lost during the study period. Therefore, the first hypothesis could not be tested. No statistically significant difference was observed between the cumulative survival percentages of restorations produced by the two treatment approaches over the 2-year period (ART, 54.1 ± 3.4%; ART with Carisolv™, 46.0 ± 3.4%). This hypothesis was accepted. ART with chemomechanical gel might not provide an added benefit increasing the survival percentages of ART class II composite resin restorations in primary teeth