O olhar da gestão frente a importância das avaliações interna e externa para orientar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem / Management's view of the importance of internal and external evaluations to guide the teaching-learning process

As avaliações interna e externa como via importante para orientar as atividades docentes devem se constituir como conhecimento profissional de gestores e de professores para atuar em suas profissões. De modo a pensá-las também para orientar a reflexão e as ações acerca do processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos estudantes, permitindo refletir sobre a prática, não apenas daqueles que são regentes de sala de aula – o professor, mas, também os gestores, estudantes e famílias, de modo que todos caminhem em direção ao mesmo objetivo – aprendizagem e desenvolvimento dos estudantes. O objetivo desse trabalho foi o de conhecer as concepções de gestores de uma escola pública estadual do município de Parnamirim/RN sobre a importância dos resultados das avaliações interna e externa para orientar a prática de gestores e de professores dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental, de maneira a contribuir com as atividades dos gestores e professores e assim, auxiliar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de estudantes desse nível escolar. A pesquisa é de abordagem quantitativo/qualitativa; é exploratória; descritiva e analítica, realizada com gestores (dois diretores e uma coordenadora pedagógica) em uma Escola Pública Municipal de Parnamirim/RN que atende a estudantes do Ensino Fundamental anos finais. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados foi utilizado inicialmente um questionário (questionário 1) com perguntas abertas e fechadas; ainda como instrumentos para obter informações serão utilizados a observação e um outro questionário (questionário 2), bem como os resultados das avaliações interna e externa da escola pesquisada (obtidos no Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica – IDEB) (BRASIL, 2015; 2017). A pesquisa está em fase de análise dos dados. Após análise, será proposta formação continuada para esses profissionais (apresentação de uma proposta pedagógica) sobre a importância das avaliações interna e externa para orientar as atividades pedagógicas da escola. Espera-se com esse trabalho que os conteúdos trabalhados na formação possam constituir o currículo da escola.

Galletas con grasas cero trans a base de soja formuladas usando una red neuronal artificial.

This study applied Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technology to formulate zero trans fat blends derived from soybeans and to evaluate their performance when applied to the processing of sweet laminated biscuits. For the formulation of the blends, two interesterified soybean fats and soybean oil were used as bases. They were characterized in terms of melting point, solid fat content and fatty acid composition; and the biscuits produced were analyzed for their technological (dimensions, mass, volume, expansion, instrumental color and texture, moisture gradient and cracking) and physicochemical characteristics (total fat and moisture contents, water activity and fatty acid composition). It was possible to verify the use of ANN to develop zero trans fats derived from soybeans for application in sweet laminated biscuits, which represents an operational and financial advantage. Moreover, we showed the viability of using soybean fats/oil, raw materials of greater availability and lower cost, for the production of biscuits.Este estudio aplic? la tecnolog?a de Redes Neuronales Artificiales (RNA) para formular mezclas de grasas cero trans derivadas de soja y evaluar su papel cuando se usan en el procesamiento de galletas dulces laminadas. Para la formulaci?n de las mezclas se usaron como base dos grasas de soja interesterificadas as? como aceite de soja. Se caracterizaron en t?rminos de punto de fusi?n, contenido de grasa s?lida y composici?n de ?cidos grasos, y a las galletas se les determin? sus caracter?sticas tecnol?gicas (dimensiones, masa, volumen, color, textura, gradiente de humedad as? como otros controles) y fisicoqu?micas (contenidos de grasa total, humedad, actividad de agua y composici?n de ?cidos grasos). Fue posible verificar el uso de RNA para desarrollar grasas cero trans derivadas de soja, para su aplicaci?n en galletas dulces laminadas, lo que representa una ventaja operativa y financiera. Adem?s, mostramos la viabilidad de usar grasas/aceite de soja, materias primas de mayor disponibilidad y menor costo, para la producci?n de galletas

Chemical composition, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and redox properties in vitro of the essential oil from Remirea maritima Aubl. (Cyperaceae)

Methods: The essential oil from the roots and rhizomes of RMO were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus, and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Here, we evaluated free radical scavenging activities and antioxidant potential of RMO using in vitro assays for scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicals, and nitric oxide. The total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) and total antioxidant reactivity (TAR) indexes and in vitro lipoperoxidation were also evaluated. The ability of RMO to prevent lipid peroxidation was measured by quantifying thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). NO radical generated at physiological pH was found to be inhibited by RMO, that showed scavenging effect upon SNP-induced NO production at all concentrations. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated by acetic acid writhing reflex, Formalin-induced nociception and Carrageenan-induced edema test. - Results: The majors compounds identified was remirol (43.2%), cyperene (13.8%), iso-evodionol (5.8%), cyperotundone (5.7%), caryophyllene oxide (4.9%), and rotundene (4.6%). At the TRAP assay, RMO concentration of 1 mg.mL−1 showed anti-oxidant effects and at concentration of 1 and 10 ng.mL−1 RMO showed pro-oxidant effect. RMO at 1 mg.mL−1 also showed significant anti-oxidant capacity in TAR measurement. Concentrations of RMO from 1 ng.mL−1 to 100 μg.mL−1 enhanced the AAPH-induced lipoperoxidation. RMO reduced deoxyribose oxidative damage, induced by the Fenton reaction induction system, at concentrations from 1 ng.mL−1 to 100 μg.mL−1. We observed that RMO caused a significant increase in rate of adrenaline auto-oxidation. On the other hand RMO did not present any scavenging effect in H2O2 formation in vitro. The results of this study revealed that RMO has both peripheral and central analgesic properties. The RMO, all doses, orally (p.o.) administered significantly inhibited (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) the acetic acid-induced writhings and two phases of formalin-induced nociception in mice. - Conclusion: The RMO demonstrated antioxidant and analgesic profile which may be related to the composition of the oil

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Interferência do responsável pelo preparo das refeições na adesão ao tratamento nutricional de diabéticos atendidos em um ambulatório de Nutrição

Introdução e Objetivo: Pacientes diabéticos, possuem dificuldade em seguir o tratamento e aderir as orientações nutricionais e este artigo objetivou avaliar a adesão à dieta e os hábitos de vida de pacientes com diabetes atendidos no Ambulatório de Nutrição e sua relação com o local onde são realizadas suas refeições e com o responsável pelo preparo da sua alimentação. Materiais e métodos: Dados secundários de prontuários dos pacientes: socioeconômicos, antropométricos e hábitos de vida. Foram calculados a porcentagem de variação de peso e de perda de excesso de peso, e foi avaliada a associação de todos esses dados com o local de realização das refeições e com o responsável pelo preparo. Discussão: Entre outros fatores, a adesão as orientações dependem do local e do preparo pela refeição. Resultados: O local onde as refeições eram realizadas associou-se somente com as faixas etárias, e os responsáveis pelo preparo das refeições associaram-se somente com o sexo, consumo de integrais e porcentagem de perda de excesso de peso. Conclusão: O responsável pelo preparo das refeições esteve relacionado com a boa adesão dos pacientes diabéticos. ABSTRACTInterference of the responsible for the preparation of meals in the adhesion to the nutritional treatment of diabetics attended in a nutrition clinicIntroduction and Objective: Diabetic patients have difficulty following treatment and adhere to nutritional guidelines and this article, was to evaluate the adherence to the diet and lifestyle of patients with diabetes treated at the Nutrition Outpatient Clinic, and its relationship with the place where the meals are eaten Responsible for the preparation of their food. Materials and methods: An evaluation made by the secondary data of patients' medical records: socioeconomic, anthropometric data and life habits. We calculated a percentage of weight variation and loss of excess weight, and it was to evaluated in an association of all data with the place of meals and with the person in charge of preparation. Discussion:  Among other factors, adherence to the guidelines depend on the location and preparation for the meal.Results: The place where meals were performed was only associated with the age groups, and those responsible for the preparation of meals were only associated with gender, consumption of integrals and percentage of loss of excess weight. Conclusion: That the responsible for the preparation of the meals was related with good adhesion of the diabetic patients

Avaliação do estado nutricional de pacientes em uso de terapia nutricional enteral

Introdução e objetivo: A desnutrição hospitalar é uma realidade em nosso meio, manifestando por um lado, o perfil nutricional da população, e por outro, problemas nutricionais associados a processos patológicos. O trabalho objetiva, avaliar o perfil e o estado nutricional de pacientes em uso de terapia nutricional enteral.  Materiais e métodos: Análise de dados secundários, provenientes de prontuários de pacientes adultos, de ambos os sexos, em uso de terapia nutricional enteral, por um período de três meses. As variáveis avaliadas foram sexo, idade, diagnóstico de internação e comorbidades. Discussão: Estudos mostram elevada frequência de desnutrição no ambiente hospitalar e associam o fato ao maior risco de comorbidades e mortalidade. Resultados: Metade dos pacientes era do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 72 anos. A maioria estava com sonda nasogástrica (84,92%), tinha como comorbidade hipertensão (45,79%) e apresentava como motivo da internação doenças respiratórias (38,93%). Quanto ao estado nutricional, a maioria dos pacientes estava eutrófico (53,04%), enquanto que a avaliação subjetiva global mostrou que grande parte dos pacientes estava moderadamente ou suspeito de estar desnutrido (59,85%). Conclusão: É de suma importância conhecer o estado nutricional dos pacientes, para assim poder intervir nutricionalmente e, com isso, reduzir a mortalidade, morbidade e as chances de complicações, e melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente. ABSTRACT Assessment of nutritional status in patients using nutritional therapy enteral nutritionIntroduction and Objective: The hospital malnutrition is a reality in our midst, showing on the one hand, the nutritional profile of the population, and on the other hand, nutritional problems associated with pathological processes. The objective this study is evaluate the profile and the nutritional status of patients using nutritional therapy enteral nutrition.  Methods: Analysis of secondary data from medical records of adult patients of both genders, in use of nutritional therapy enteral nutrition, for a period of three months. The evaluated variables were sex, age, admission diagnosis and comorbidity. Results: Half of the patients were female, with a mean age of 72 years. The majority was with nasogastric tube (84.92%), had as a comorbidity hypertension (45.79%) and presented as a reason for hospitalization respiratory diseases (38.93%). As for the nutritional status, the majority of patients was normal weight (53.04%), while the subjective evaluation global showed that a large proportion of patients was a moderately or suspected of being malnourished (59.85%). Discussion: Studies show a high rate of malnutrition in hospital environment and associated to a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: It is extremely important that we know the nutritional status of patients, thus to be able to intervene nutritionally, thereby reducing the mortality, morbidity, and the chances of complications, and improve the quality of life of patients

Interferência do responsável pelo preparo das refeições na adesão ao tratamento nutricional de diabéticos atendidos em um ambulatório de Nutrição

Introdução e Objetivo: Pacientes diabéticos, possuem dificuldade em seguir o tratamento e aderir as orientações nutricionais e este artigo objetivou avaliar a adesão à dieta e os hábitos de vida de pacientes com diabetes atendidos no Ambulatório de Nutrição e sua relação com o local onde são realizadas suas refeições e com o responsável pelo preparo da sua alimentação. Materiais e métodos: Dados secundários de prontuários dos pacientes: socioeconômicos, antropométricos e hábitos de vida. Foram calculados a porcentagem de variação de peso e de perda de excesso de peso, e foi avaliada a associação de todos esses dados com o local de realização das refeições e com o responsável pelo preparo. Discussão: Entre outros fatores, a adesão as orientações dependem do local e do preparo pela refeição. Resultados: O local onde as refeições eram realizadas associou-se somente com as faixas etárias, e os responsáveis pelo preparo das refeições associaram-se somente com o sexo, consumo de integrais e porcentagem de perda de excesso de peso. Conclusão: O responsável pelo preparo das refeições esteve relacionado com a boa adesão dos pacientes diabéticos. ABSTRACTInterference of the responsible for the preparation of meals in the adhesion to the nutritional treatment of diabetics attended in a nutrition clinicIntroduction and Objective: Diabetic patients have difficulty following treatment and adhere to nutritional guidelines and this article, was to evaluate the adherence to the diet and lifestyle of patients with diabetes treated at the Nutrition Outpatient Clinic, and its relationship with the place where the meals are eaten Responsible for the preparation of their food. Materials and methods: An evaluation made by the secondary data of patients' medical records: socioeconomic, anthropometric data and life habits. We calculated a percentage of weight variation and loss of excess weight, and it was to evaluated in an association of all data with the place of meals and with the person in charge of preparation. Discussion:  Among other factors, adherence to the guidelines depend on the location and preparation for the meal.Results: The place where meals were performed was only associated with the age groups, and those responsible for the preparation of meals were only associated with gender, consumption of integrals and percentage of loss of excess weight. Conclusion: That the responsible for the preparation of the meals was related with good adhesion of the diabetic patients