Tasa de semiformalidad de la mipyme en Costa Rica: un enfoque por grupos

[ENG] The MSME Observatory has been studying MSMEs in Costa Rica. Its findings show that for every formal enterprise, there are 2.4 semi-formal ones. The latter refers to those enterprises that have already started the formalization process with the corresponding municipality but that still do not have all the formalization requirements. Owing to the importance of the semi-formal sector in the economic activity of Costa Rica, this study analyzed this business park and the role of municipal management concerning MSMEs, calculated the correlation among semi-formality, competitiveness, and development, and finally, proposed a cluster design to deal with the state of affairs. It should be noted that this type of analysis has never been undertaken in the country. [ESP] El Observatorio de Mipymes de Costa Rica ha estudiado el parque empresarial desde el 2005. De acuerdo con sus hallazgos, por cada empresa formal, existen aproximadamente 2,4 empresas semiformales, denominándose así a las mipymes que cuentan con una licencia de funcionamiento otorgada por el municipio correspondiente, pero pueden no cumplir los demás requisitos de formalización. Al considerar la importancia del sector semiformal en la actividad económica de Costa Rica, se analiza este parque empresarial y el papel de la gestión municipal respecto de la mipyme; comprobándose la relación de la semiformalidad con la competitividad y el desarrollo y, finalmente, se propone un diseño de conglomerados para afrontar la situación. Cabe señalar que este tipo de análisis no se había realizado con anterioridad en el país.

Componentes de estructura y diversidad en los ecosistemas de la zona alta de la cuenca la maria, san jose del guaviare, guaviare, colombia

El presente estudio se realizó en la zona alta de la Cuenca Hidrográfica La María, en el departamento del Guaviare, con el fin de identificar los componentes de estructura y diversidad en 7 ecosistemas identificados bajo procedimientos de zonificación ambiental realizados por el Proyecto REDD La María. Los resultados obtenidos para el diagnóstico de riqueza, abundancia y estabilidad de los ecosistemas sugieren la situación de los ecosistemas en: alta diversidad, condiciones preocupantes de presencia de especies pioneras y una estabilidad ecológica influenciada por procesos de cambio de uso del suelo para ganadería extensiva predominantemente.This research was carried on high land from La María Basis, Guaviare, Colombia. The objective has the determination of structure and diversity conditions in 7 ecosystems determined in ordenation process in the REDD La Maria Project. The results in richness and abundance variables and ecological stability suggest the ecosystems situation in: high diversity, deficient conditions of presence of pioneer species, and ecological stability influenced for changes of land use process for introducted grassland predominantlyna10 página

Experiencias desde la ruralidad: conflicto armado, resiliencias campesinas, tradición oral y género.

Experiencias desde la ruralidad reúne los resultados de investigación que se dieron en torno a tres trabajos de grado que se gestaron al interior del Semillero Asopricor del programa de Comunicación Social y Periodismo de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO bajo la línea de Comunicación para el cambio social, en donde se abordaron los tópicos de conflicto armado, resiliencias campesinas, tradición oral y género. Las investigaciones aquí expuestas son de corte cualitativo con una metodología IAP influenciada por el modelo Praxeológico que caracteriza al sistema universitario

Experiencias desde la ruralidad: conflicto armado, resiliencias campesinas, tradición oral y género.

Experiencias desde la ruralidad reúne los resultados de investigación que se dieron en torno a tres trabajos de grado que se gestaron al interior del Semillero Asopricor del programa de Comunicación Social y Periodismo de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO bajo la línea de Comunicación para el cambio social, en donde se abordaron los tópicos de conflicto armado, resiliencias campesinas, tradición oral y género. Las investigaciones aquí expuestas son de corte cualitativo con una metodología IAP influenciada por el modelo Praxeológico que caracteriza al sistema universitario

Genotyping squamous cell lung carcinoma in Colombia (Geno1.1-CLICaP)

Background: Lung cancer is a public health problem, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most prevalent subtype of this neoplasm. Compared to other subtypes, including adenocarcinoma, SCC is less well understood in terms of molecular pathogenesis, limiting therapeutic options among targeted agents approved for other disease subgroups. In this study, we sought to characterize the SCC genomic profile using a validated Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platform. Methods: The comprehensive NGS assay (TruSight Tumor 170) was used in order to target the full coding regions of 170 cancer-related genes on SCC samples. PD-L1 expression in tumor cells (TCs) was assessed using clone 22C3 (Dako). Clinical outcomes were correlated with molecular profile, including progression free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 26 samples were included, median age was 67 years (r, 33–83) and 53.8% were men. Tobacco consumption was identified in all subjects (mean 34-year package). For first-line treatment 80.8% of patients received cisplatin or carboplatin plus gemcitabine. In terms of molecular profile, we identified a high prevalence of inactivating mutations in TP53 (61.5%), PIK3CA (34.6%), MLL2 (34.6%), KEAP1 (38.4%), and NOTCH1 (26.9%). PD-L1 expression ranged from negative, 1, 2–49, and ≥50% in 23.1, 38.5, 26.9, and 11.5%, respectively. Interestingly, the genetic alterations did not have an effect in PFS, OS or ORR in this study. However, PDL1 expression was higher among those who had mutations in TP53 (p = 0.037) and greater expression of PDL1 was related to PIK3CA alterations (p = 0.05). Conclusions: The genomic profile of SCC encompasses important genes including TP53, PIK3CA and KEAP1. TP53 mutations could be associated with PDL1 expression, generating hypothesis regarding specific treatment options

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV