178 research outputs found
Morire di fame oggi. Funzionamento (e fallimento) dei sistemi di protezione e tutela per lâinfanzia
The case of a 17-month baby starved to death has made the whole town questioning about the existing prevention systems and about the real functioning of a service net defined, by different documents, as one of the principal instruments to face with social problems. How is it possible to let people starve to death today? Starting from this question, the case of this young victim has been constantly studied: a baby who has been exposed to physical and psychological mistreatments for months and months, losing her dignity as a âpersonâ and living an existence on the borderline between âvisible and invisibleâ. The authors have delved deeper into the matter, analysing what has been done and what should have been done. An analysis of the context in which facts occurred, paying attention to the institutional contradictions that were the real background in the babyâs life events. After an introduction to the international, national and regional laws about childhood protection, the authors focused their attention on the activities carried out by local services, analysing the importance of Pediatriciansâ role, Social Welfare Services and people. The analysis about interventions and strategies aimed to protect the childhood world has pointed out how difficult it is to switch from an initial planning to the definitive realization of practical interventions about health and social services. These difficulties are partially due to a series of legislative and bureaucratic steps that strongly slow down the projects realization. This young babyâs death was a strong emotional shock for the entire city that started to call into question health and social services systems already existing over the territory. Nevertheless this case was also a way to reflect about peopleâs attitude to feel as part of a community but without doing anything to play their roles as active citizens. Through the analysis of the actual situation in Bari, the authors have found important changes in policy towards children and families.il caso di una bambina di 17 mesi morta di fame ha fatto interrogare lâintera cittĂ di Bari sui sistemi di prevenzione esistenti, sul reale funzionamento di quella rete di servizi che numerosi documenti definiscono come uno degli strumenti principali per affrontare le problematiche sociali. Come è possibile che oggi si muoia ancora di fame? Partendo da questo interrogativo è stato approfondito il caso di questa piccola vittima, la quale per mesi è diventata oggetto di maltrattamenti fisici e psicologici, perdendo la dignitĂ di âpersonaâ e vivendo unâesistenza al confine tra il âvisibile e lâinvisibileâ. Gli autori hanno svolto unaâanalisi di quello che è stato fatto e di tutto ciò che si sarebbe potuto e dovuto fare, prestando attenzione al contesto allâinterno del quale i fatti si sono svolti e alle contraddizioni istituzionali che hanno fatto da sfondo alle vicende di vita della bambina. Dopo una presentazione della normativa (internazionale, nazionale e regionale) in materia di tutela dellâinfanzia, gli autori hanno focalizzato lâattenzione sullâattivitĂ svolta dai servizi territoriali, analizzando nello specifico il ruolo dei Pediatri di libera scelta, dei Servizi Socio-Assistenziali e della cittadinanza. La ricognizione sugli interventi e le strategie finalizzate a tutelare il mondo dellâinfanzia ha evidenziato la difficoltĂ di passare dalla progettazione alla realizzazione degli interventi nellâarea socio-sanitaria; tale difficoltĂ sembrerebbe determinata, in parte, da passaggi burocratici e legislativi che rallentano lâattuazione dei progetti. La morte di questa piccola bambina è stato uno shock emotivo per la cittĂ che ha messo in discussione non soltanto il sistema dei servizi giĂ presenti sul territorio, ma anche il modo di sentirsi parte di una collettivitĂ troppo spesso abituata a non svolgere il proprio ruolo di cittadini attivi. Attraverso lâanalisi dellâattuale realtĂ barese, gli autori hanno rilevato segni di importanti cambiamenti nellâambito delle politiche per i minori e le famiglie
Foundations of Multidimensional Network Analysis
AbstractâComplex networks have been receiving increasing attention by the scientific community, thanks also to the increas-ing availability of real-world network data. In the last years, the multidimensional nature of many real world networks has been pointed out, i.e. many networks containing multiple connections between any pair of nodes have been analyzed. Despite the importance of analyzing this kind of networks was recognized by previous works, a complete framework for multidimensional network analysis is still missing. Such a framework would enable the analysts to study different phenomena, that can be either the generalization to the multidimensional setting of what happens in monodimensional network, or a new class of phenomena induced by the additional degree of complexity that multidimensionality provides in real networks. The aim of this paper is then to give the basis for multidimensional network analysis: we develop a solid repertoire of basic concepts and analytical measures, which takes into account the general structure of multidimensional networks. We tested our framework on a real world multidimensional network, showing the validity and the meaningfulness of the measures introduced, that are able to extract important, non-random, information about complex phenomena. I
SaferCity: a system for detecting and analyzing incidents from social media
This paper presents a system to identify and characterise public safety related incidents from social media, and enrich the situational awareness that law enforcement entities have on potentially-unreported activities happening in a city. The system is based on a new spatio-temporal clustering algorithm that is able to identify and characterize relevant incidents given even a small number of social media reports. We present a web-based application exposing the features of the system, and demonstrate its usefulness in detecting, from Twitter, public safety related incidents occurred in New York City during the Occupy Wall Street protests
Graph Mining for Object Tracking in Videos
International audienceThis paper shows a concrete example of the use of graph mining for tracking objects in videos with moving cameras and without any contextual information on the objects to track. To make the mining algorithm efficient, we benefit from a video representation based on dy- namic (evolving through time) planar graphs. We then define a number of constraints to efficiently find our so-called spatio-temporal graph pat- terns. Those patterns are linked through an occurrences graph to allow us to tackle occlusion or graph features instability problems in the video. Experiments on synthetic and real videos show that our method is effec- tive and allows us to find relevant patterns for our tracking application
Flexible constrained sampling with guarantees for pattern mining
Pattern sampling has been proposed as a potential solution to the infamous
pattern explosion. Instead of enumerating all patterns that satisfy the
constraints, individual patterns are sampled proportional to a given quality
measure. Several sampling algorithms have been proposed, but each of them has
its limitations when it comes to 1) flexibility in terms of quality measures
and constraints that can be used, and/or 2) guarantees with respect to sampling
accuracy. We therefore present Flexics, the first flexible pattern sampler that
supports a broad class of quality measures and constraints, while providing
strong guarantees regarding sampling accuracy. To achieve this, we leverage the
perspective on pattern mining as a constraint satisfaction problem and build
upon the latest advances in sampling solutions in SAT as well as existing
pattern mining algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is applicable to
a variety of pattern languages, which allows us to introduce and tackle the
novel task of sampling sets of patterns. We introduce and empirically evaluate
two variants of Flexics: 1) a generic variant that addresses the well-known
itemset sampling task and the novel pattern set sampling task as well as a wide
range of expressive constraints within these tasks, and 2) a specialized
variant that exploits existing frequent itemset techniques to achieve
substantial speed-ups. Experiments show that Flexics is both accurate and
efficient, making it a useful tool for pattern-based data exploration.Comment: Accepted for publication in Data Mining & Knowledge Discovery journal
(ECML/PKDD 2017 journal track
Predicting User Engagement in Twitter with Collaborative Ranking
Collaborative Filtering (CF) is a core component of popular web-based
services such as Amazon, YouTube, Netflix, and Twitter. Most applications use
CF to recommend a small set of items to the user. For instance, YouTube
presents to a user a list of top-n videos she would likely watch next based on
her rating and viewing history. Current methods of CF evaluation have been
focused on assessing the quality of a predicted rating or the ranking
performance for top-n recommended items. However, restricting the recommender
system evaluation to these two aspects is rather limiting and neglects other
dimensions that could better characterize a well-perceived recommendation. In
this paper, instead of optimizing rating or top-n recommendation, we focus on
the task of predicting which items generate the highest user engagement. In
particular, we use Twitter as our testbed and cast the problem as a
Collaborative Ranking task where the rich features extracted from the metadata
of the tweets help to complement the transaction information limited to user
ids, item ids, ratings and timestamps. We learn a scoring function that
directly optimizes the user engagement in terms of nDCG@10 on the predicted
ranking. Experiments conducted on an extended version of the MovieTweetings
dataset, released as part of the RecSys Challenge 2014, show the effectiveness
of our approach.Comment: RecSysChallenge'14 at RecSys 2014, October 10, 2014, Foster City, CA,
US
Towards effective visual analytics on multiplex and multilayer networks
In this article we discuss visualisation strategies for multiplex networks.
Since Moreno's early works on network analysis, visualisation has been one of
the main ways to understand networks thanks to its ability to summarise a
complex structure into a single representation highlighting multiple properties
of the data. However, despite the large renewed interest in the analysis of
multiplex networks, no study has proposed specialised visualisation approaches
for this context and traditional methods are typically applied instead. In this
paper we initiate a critical and structured discussion of this topic, and claim
that the development of specific visualisation methods for multiplex networks
will be one of the main drivers pushing current research results into daily
practice
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