Anti-inflammatory Components from Functional Foods for Obesity

Obesity, defined as excessive fat accumulation that may impair health, has been described throughout human history, but it has now reached epidemic proportions with the WHO estimating that 39% of the world’s adults over 18 years of age were overweight or obese in 2016. Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory state leading to organ damage with an increased risk of common diseases including cardiovascular and metabolic disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, osteo-arthritis and some cancers. This inflammatory state may be influenced by adipose tissue hypoxia and changes in the gut microbiota. There has been an increasing focus on functional foods and nutraceuticals as treatment options for obesity as drug treatments are limited in efficacy. This chapter summarises the importance of anthocyanin-containing fruits and vegetables, coffee and its components, tropical fruit and food waste as sources of phytochemicals for obesity treatment. We emphasise that preclinical studies can form the basis for clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of these treatments in humans

Estudios fitoquímicos y farmacológicos de swietenia humilis zucc. (meliaceae) :una fuente potencial de fitofármacos para el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus

Ciencias Química

Chemical Analysis and Antidiabetic Potential of a Decoction from <i>Stevia serrata</i> Roots

A decoction of the roots (31.6–316 mg/kg) from Stevia serrata Cav. (Asteraceae) as well as the main component (5–150 mg/kg) showed hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects in mice. The fractionation of the active extract led to the isolation of dammaradiene acetate (1), stevisalioside A (2), and three new chemical entities characterized by spectroscopic methods and named stevisaliosides B–D (3–5). Glycoside 2 (5 and 50 mg/kg) decreased blood glucose levels and the postprandial peak during oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests in STZ-hyperglycemic mice. Compounds 1–5 were tested also against PTP1B1–400 and showed IC50 values of 1180.9 ± 0.33, 526.8 ± 0.02, 532.1 ± 0.03, 928.2 ± 0.39, and 31.8 ± 1.09 μM, respectively. Compound 5 showed an IC50 value comparable to that of ursolic acid (IC50 = 30.7 ± 0.00 μM). Docking studies revealed that 2–5 and their aglycones bind to PTP1B1–400 in a pocket formed by the C-terminal region. The volatilome of S. serrata was characterized by a high content of (E)-longipinene, spathulenol, guaiadiene, seychellene, and aromandendrene. Finally, a UHPLC-UV method was developed and validated to quantify the content of 2 in the decoction of the plant

Chemical Analysis and Antidiabetic Potential of a Decoction from <i>Stevia serrata</i> Roots

A decoction of the roots (31.6–316 mg/kg) from Stevia serrata Cav. (Asteraceae) as well as the main component (5–150 mg/kg) showed hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects in mice. The fractionation of the active extract led to the isolation of dammaradiene acetate (1), stevisalioside A (2), and three new chemical entities characterized by spectroscopic methods and named stevisaliosides B–D (3–5). Glycoside 2 (5 and 50 mg/kg) decreased blood glucose levels and the postprandial peak during oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests in STZ-hyperglycemic mice. Compounds 1–5 were tested also against PTP1B1–400 and showed IC50 values of 1180.9 ± 0.33, 526.8 ± 0.02, 532.1 ± 0.03, 928.2 ± 0.39, and 31.8 ± 1.09 μM, respectively. Compound 5 showed an IC50 value comparable to that of ursolic acid (IC50 = 30.7 ± 0.00 μM). Docking studies revealed that 2–5 and their aglycones bind to PTP1B1–400 in a pocket formed by the C-terminal region. The volatilome of S. serrata was characterized by a high content of (E)-longipinene, spathulenol, guaiadiene, seychellene, and aromandendrene. Finally, a UHPLC-UV method was developed and validated to quantify the content of 2 in the decoction of the plant