El lenguaje ideográfico : una metodología de la enseñanza de las ciencias sociales en la E.G.B

La tesis desarrolla una práctica educativa, por medio de una metodología, que a través del lenguaje ideográfico trata de reducir el fracaso escolar. Se desarrolla en 3er. Ciclo de EGB. (1er. Ciclo ESO). Edad cronológica 12-14 a., final de la segunda infancia. Cognitivamente domina con gran riqueza el lenguaje ideográfico, por ser menos convencional que la escritura fonética, el niño puede utilizarlo con más propiedad y riqueza imaginativa, desarrollando su capacidad creadora. Se fundamenta en una base teórica: psicolingüística e histórica. Finalmente tiene lugar una parte empírica, en la que se tratan estadísticamente los datos recogidos bien de la práctica docente, bien de las pruebas de opinión de la población escolar sobre medios audiovisuales. Este trabajo nos aporta la siguiente conclusión: Que la cultura de masas ha ganado terreno al hombre y la palabra. Ofrece un sistema de conocimiento que consiste en la captación rápida, simultánea e intuitiva del objeto representado y de sus relaciones inmediatas, entraña un posible peligro de superficialidad e inmediatez de las percepciones, pero, por otra parte, ofrece la imprescindible ventaja de extender el horizonte vital del individuo. En nuestro caso, según la practica docente realizada, y teniendo en cuenta que una vez asimilada la materia que le ha transmitido el profesor, elaborará su propio texto por medio del lenguaje ideográfico (cómic), con lo que la función de aprender se ha conseguido ampliamente, pues el alumno hace suyo lo enseñado, ya que ha realizado con esa materia aprendida su propia creación: EL LIBRO DE TEXTO

The host of the Type I SLSN 2017egm: A young, sub-solar metallicity environment in a massive spiral galaxy

Here we present an integral-field study of the massive, high-metallicity spiral NGC 3191, the host of SN 2017egm, the closest SLSN Type I to date. We use data from PMAS/CAHA and the public MaNGA survey to shed light on the properties of the SLSN site and the origin of star-formation in this non-starburst spiral galaxy. We map the physical properties different \ion{H}{II} regions throughout the galaxy and characterize their stellar populations using the STARLIGHT fitting code. Kinematical information allows to study a possible interaction with its neighbouring galaxy as the origin of recent star formation activity which could have caused the SLSN. NGC 3191 shows intense star-formation in the western part with three large SF regions of low metallicity. The central regions of the host have a higher metallicity, lower specific star-formation rate and lower ionization. Modeling the stellar populations gives a different picture: The SLSN region has two dominant stellar populations with different ages, the youngest one with an age of 2-10 Myr and lower metallicity, likely the population from which the SN progenitor originated. Emission line kinematics of NGC 3191 show indications of interaction with its neighbour MCG+08-19-017 at $\sim$45 kpc, which might be responsible for the recent starburst. In fact, this galaxy pair has in total hosted 4 SNe, 1988B (Type Ia), SN 2003ds (Type Ic in MCG+08-19-017), PTF10bgl (SLSN-Type II) and 2017egm, underlying the enhanced SF in both galaxies due to interaction. Our study shows that one has to be careful interpreting global host and even gas properties without looking at the stellar population history of the region. SLSNe seem to still be consistent with massive stars ($>$ 20 M$_\odot$) requiring low ($< 0.6Z_{\odot}$) metallicity and those environments can also occur in massive, late-type galaxies but not necessarily starbursts.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, 13 pages, 11 figures, 7 tables. Abstract has been reduced to match arXiv form requirement

Fortalecimiento de la cultura nasa y aprendizaje comunitario en el resguardo de Tóez-Caloto. Pautas para profundizar en la competencia lingüística en nasa yuwe desde la ecología, la música, la historia y la comunicación

94 pColombia es una sociedad real y constitucionalmente reconocida como multicultural, multiétnica y plurilingu¨e. Su multietnicidad y multiculturalidad se manifiesta en más de 102 pueblos indígenas que ancestralmente han vivido en los diferentes territorios que constituyen esta nación. Grandes poblaciones afrocolombianas y una importante comunidad rom o gitana conviven con la mayoritaria sociedad mestiza, conformada por valiosas comunidades campesinas y por las multitudes urbanas. Por su parte, su plurilingüismo se manifiesta en 65 idiomas indígenas o nativos; por dos criollos de las comunidades afrocolombianas, negras y raizales; por el romaní del pueblo rom; por la lengua de señas y por los incontables dialectos y sociolectos del castellano. Riqueza lingüística avasallada por la hegemonía del castellano, el cual sigue discriminando, subvalorando y manteniendo en condición de minoritarias y minorizadas a las lenguas ancestrales, razón por la cual esta diversidad lingüística se viene debilitando y se encuentra en alto riesgo y con grandes amenazas de morir. Para subvertir esta situación, muchos pueblos indígenas luchan por preservar su cultura, su cosmovisión y su lengua materna. Cuatro de estos pueblos habitan, desde tiempos inmemoriales, en el departamento del Cauca, en la región suroccidental del país: el nasa, el misak y el inga, que habitan en la zona andina, y el eperara sía pidara de la costa pacífica. En estos pueblos sobreviven cuatro lenguas precolombinas, las cuales determinan gran parte de su identidad: la nasa yuwe del pueblo nasa; la namui wam, originaria del pueblo misak y asumida como lengua ancestral por los pueblos kizgüeño, ambalueño y totoroez; la sía pedée del pueblo eperara sía pidara; y el kichwa en dos variantes dialectales: la inga hablada por el pueblo inga, asentada en la bota caucana, y la runa shimi que está en proceso de revitalización por parte de la comunidad yanakuna del macizo colombiano. De estos pueblos y de estas cuatro lenguas nos detendremos en el pueblo nasa y en su lengua ancestral, la nasa yuwe, que en el panorama nacional, en términos de cantidad de hablantes, está en segundo lugar después de la wayuunaiki, lengua materna del pueblo wayúu de La Guajira

Ipsilesional Hippocampal GABA Is Elevated and Correlates With Cognitive Impairment and Maladaptive Neurogenesis After Cortical Stroke in Mice.

BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction is a frequent stroke sequela, but its pathogenesis and treatment remain unresolved. Involvement of aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis and maladaptive circuitry remodeling has been proposed, but their mechanisms are unknown. Our aim was to evaluate potential underlying molecular/cellular events implicated. METHODS Stroke was induced by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery occlusion in 2-month-old C57BL/6 male mice. Hippocampal metabolites/neurotransmitters were analyzed longitudinally by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cognitive function was evaluated with the contextual fear conditioning test. Microglia, astrocytes, neuroblasts, interneurons, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and c-fos were analyzed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Approximately 50% of mice exhibited progressive post-middle cerebral artery occlusion cognitive impairment. Notably, immature hippocampal neurons in the impaired group displayed more severe aberrant phenotypes than those from the nonimpaired group. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, significant bilateral changes in hippocampal metabolites, such as myo-inositol or N-acetylaspartic acid, were found that correlated, respectively, with numbers of glia and immature neuroblasts in the ischemic group. Importantly, some metabolites were specifically altered in the ipsilateral hippocampus suggesting its involvement in aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis and remodeling processes. Specifically, middle cerebral artery occlusion animals with higher hippocampal GABA levels displayed worse cognitive outcome. Implication of GABA in this setting was supported by the amelioration of ischemia-induced memory deficits and aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis after blocking pharmacologically GABAergic neurotransmission, an intervention which was ineffective when neurogenesis was inhibited. These data suggest that GABA exerts its detrimental effect, at least partly, by affecting morphology and integration of newborn neurons into the hippocampal circuits. CONCLUSIONS Hippocampal GABAergic neurotransmission could be considered a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for poststroke cognitive impairment.S

Distinct patterns of APP processing in the CNS in autosomal-dominant and sporadic Alzheimer disease

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00401-012-1062-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Vaccinated Patients Admitted in ICU with Severe Pneumonia Due to SARS-CoV-2: A Multicenter Pilot Study

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the percentage of patients admitted to the ICU having received the vaccine against COVID-19, to describe the clinical profile of vaccinated patients admitted to the ICU, and to assess the humoral immune response to vaccination. Methods: In this multicenter prospective descriptive cohort study, consecutive critically ill patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who received at least one dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were included. The time of study was from 1 July to 10 August of 2021. Results: Of the 94 consecutive patients from seven Andalusian ICUs admitted during the time of study, 50 (53.2%) received at least one dose of anti SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. No patient was admitted having previously had SARS-CoV-2 infection. The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant was the most frequently identified, in 80.76% of cases. Patients with a complete vaccination with non-optimal antibody levels were immunocompromised. Fifteen patients were admitted to the ICU with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) without having completed their vaccination; the clinical profile was younger and with less comorbidities compared to patients with full vaccination. There were no differences in severity of ARDS. Conclusions: Most of the patients who were admitted to the ICU having received a dose of the vaccine were not optimally vaccinated; fully vaccinated patients who did not obtain optimal serum antibody levels were patients considered immunocompromise

Heterologous expression of the yeast HAL5 gene in tomato enhances salt tolerance by reducing shoot Na+accumulation in the long term

[EN] For salt tolerance to be achieved in the long-term plants must regulate Na+/K+ homeostasis over time. In this study, we show that the salt tolerance induced by overexpression of the yeast HAL5 gene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was related to a lower leaf Na+ accumulation in the long term, by reducing Na+ transport from root to shoot over time regardless of the severity of salt stress. Furthermore, maintaining Na+/K+ homeostasis over time was associated with changes in the transcript levels of the Na+ and K+ transporters such as SlHKT1;2 and SlHAK5. The expression of SlHKT1;2 was upregulated in response to salinity in roots of transgenic plants but downregulated in the roots of wild-type (WT) plants, which seems to be related to the lower Na+ transport rate from root to shoot in transgenic plants. The expression of the SlHAK5 increased in roots and leaves of both WT and transgenic plants under salinity. However, this increase was much higher in the leaves of transgenic plants than in those of WT plants, which may be associated with the ability of transgenic leaves to maintain Na+/K+ homeostasis over time. Taken together, the results show that the salt tolerance mechanism induced by HAL5 overexpression in tomato is related to the appropriate regulation of ion transport from root to shoot and maintenance of the leaf Na+/K+ homeostasis through modulation of SlHKT1 and SlHAK5 over time.This work was funded by grant AGL2012-40150-C03 from the Spanish 'Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad' and grant 04553/GERM/06 from the Fundacion SENECA, Murcia (Spain). I. E. and B. P. were supported by a postdoctoral position from the JAE-Doc program of National Research Council (CSIC). We thank Prof. R Serrano (IBMCP-CSCIC, Valencia, Spain) for providing the plasmid vector. We thank Stephen Hasler for his help in editing the English version of the manuscript.García-Abellán, JO.; Egea, I.; Pineda Chaza, BJ.; Sánchez-Bel, P.; Belver, A.; García Sogo, B.; Flores, FB.... (2014). Heterologous expression of the yeast HAL5 gene in tomato enhances salt tolerance by reducing shoot Na+accumulation in the long term. Physiologia Plantarum. 152(4):700-713. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12217S700713152

Impact of operatoŕs experience on peri-procedural outcomes with Watchman FLX: Insights from the FLX-SPA registry

Background: The Watchman FLX is a device upgrade of the Watchman 2.5 that incorporates several design enhancements intended to simplify left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) and improve procedural outcomes. This study compares peri-procedural results of LAAO with Watchman FLX (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts) in centers with varying degrees of experience with the Watchman 2.5 and Watchman FLX. Methods: Prospective, multicenter, 'real-world' registry including consecutive patients undergoing LAAO with the Watchman FLX at 26 Spanish sites (FLX-SPA registry). Implanting centers were classified according to the center's prior experience with the Watchman 2.5. A further division of centers according to whether or not they had performed ≤ 10 or > 10Watchman FLX implants was prespecified at the beginning of the study. Procedural outcomes of institutions stratified according to their experience with the Watchman 2.5 and FLX devices were compared. Results: 359 patients [mean age 75.5 (SD8.1), CHA2DS2-VASc 4.4 (SD1.4), HAS-BLED 3.8(SD0.9)] were included. Global success rate was 98.6%, successful LAAO with the first selected device size was achieved in 95.5% patients and the device was implanted at first attempt in 78.6% cases. There were only 9(2.5%) major peri-procedural complications. No differences in efficacy or safety results according to the centeŕs previous experience with Watchman 2.5 and procedural volume with Watchman FLX existed. Conclusions: The Watchman FLX attains high procedural success rates with complete LAA sealing in unselected, real-world patients, along with a low incidence of peri-procedural complications, regardless of operatoŕs experience with its previous device iteration or the number of Watchman FLX devices implanted