Construcción de las bases para la implementación de un programa de orientación profesional en relaciones laborales y en ciencias del trabajo

Con el propósito de construir las bases para una posterior implementación de orientación profesional, tanto en la Diplomatura de Relaciones Laborales como en la Licenciatura de Ciencias del Trabajo, se llevó a cabo un estudio con una amplia muestra de sujetos cuya población estaba constituida por todo el alumnado que había terminado una de las dos titulaciones, o las dos, que imparte nuestro centro (Facultad de Ciencias del Trabajo de la Universidad de Valladolid, Campus de Palencia) durante los tres últimos años. Este trabajo incluye la administración de un cuestionario en el que, además de una serie de items de tipo sociodemográfico, había otros que preguntaban la opinión de nuestros ex-alumnos/as sobre el plan de estudios que habían cursado y sobre las posibles carencias de éste. Se les preguntó igualmente qué añadirían o quitarían del plan de estudio de cara a conseguir una formación más completa, formación que, por otra parte, les facilitará una más exitosa búsqueda de empleo en el mercado de trabajo. Finalmente, se comentan los resultados obtenidos y se extraen las conclusiones pertinentes.______________________________In order to build the foundations for further implementation of a program of vocational guidance, both in the Bachelor of Industrial Relations in the Bachelor of Science Labour, we made a study with a large sample consisting of the entire student body he had completed one of these two studies, or both, in our center (Faculty of Labour Science of the University of Valladolid, Palencia Campus) over the past three years. This work includes the administration of a questionnaire which, in addition to a number of items of type sociodemographic, there were others who wondered what our ex students on curriculum and sent on possible shortcomings there of. They were also asked what they would add or remove of the curriculum towards achieving a more complete training, training, on the other hand, they provide a more successful job search in the labour market. Finally, we discussed the results and drew out the appropriate conclusions

Reconstruction of subgrid scale topographic variability and its effect upon the spatial structure of three dimensional river flow

A new approach to describing the associated topography at different scales in computational fluid dynamic applications to gravel bed rivers was developed. Surveyed topographic data were interpolated, using geostatistical methods, into different spatial discretizations, and grain-size data were used with fractal methods to reconstruct the microtopography at scales finer than the measurement (subgrid) scale. The combination of both scales of topography was then used to construct the spatial discretization of a three-dimensional finite volume Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) scheme where the topography was included using a mass flux scaling approach. The method was applied and tested on a 15 m stretch of Solfatara Creek, Wyoming, United States, using spatially distributed elevation and grain-size data. Model runs were undertaken for each topography using a steady state solution. This paper evaluates the impact of the model spatial discretization and additional reconstructed-variability upon the spatial structure of predicted three-dimensional flow. The paper shows how microtopography modifies the spatial structure of predicted flow at scales finer than measurement scale in terms of variability whereas the characteristic scale of predicted flow is determined by the CFD scale. Changes in microtopography modify the predicted mean velocity value by 3.6% for a mesh resolution of 5 cm whereas a change in the computational scale modifies model results by 60%. The paper also points out how the spatial variability of predicted velocities is determined by the topographic complexity at different scales of the input topographic model

Access to services in rural Spain

This paper explores the differences in accessibility to services between rural and urban areas in EU countries. According to our analysis, rural areas in Spain have worse accessibility to services than their European counterparts, while the differences are not significant in the case of urban areas. The availability of information at the municipal level in Spain means a deficit in the accessibility to services of rural as opposed to urban municipalities may be documented within each region. There are also some idiosyncrasies in the remoteness and fiscal structures of rural municipalities that might partly explain this deficit.This paper explores the differences in accessibility to services between rural and urban areas in EU countries. According to our analysis, rural areas in Spain have worse accessibility to services than their European counterparts, while the differences are not significant in the case of urban areas. The availability of information at the municipal level in Spain means a deficit in the accessibility to services of rural as opposed to urban municipalities may be documented within each region. There are also some idiosyncrasies in the remoteness and fiscal structures of rural municipalities that might partly explain this deficit

A method for parameterising roughness and topographic sub-grid scale effects in hydraulic modelling from LiDAR data

High resolution airborne laser data provide new ways to explore the role of topographic complexity in hydraulic modelling parameterisation, taking into account the scale-dependency between roughness and topography. In this paper, a complex topography from LiDAR is processed using a spatially and temporally distributed method at a fine resolution. The surface topographic parameterisation considers the sub-grid LiDAR data points above and below a reference DEM, hereafter named as topographic content. A method for roughness parameterisation is developed based on the topographic content included in the topographic DEM. Five subscale parameterisation schemes are generated (topographic contents at 0, ±5, ±10, ±25 and ±50 cm) and roughness values are calculated using an equation based on the mixing layer theory (Katul et al., 2002), resulting in a co-varied relationship between roughness height and topographic content. Variations in simulated flow across spatial subscales show that the sub grid-scale behaviour of the 2-D model is not well-reflected in the topographic content of the DEM and that subscale parameterisation must be modelled through a spatially distributed roughness parameterisation. Variations in flow predictions are related to variations in the roughness parameter. Flow depth-derived results do not change systematically with variation in roughness height or topographic content but they respond to their interaction. Finally, subscale parameterisation modifies primarily the spatial structure (level of organisation) of simulated 2-D flow linearly with the additional complexity of subscale parameterisation

Comparison of methods for the enumeration of coliphages in 100 mL water samples

In the last decade coliphages have been included in many water quality regulations as viral faecal indicators. However, the standardised methods used to detect and quantify coliphages differ in bacterial host strains, culture media and techniques. In this comparative study, 100 mL samples of mineral drinking water, river water and wastewater were analysed with International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard methods, with United States-Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) based methods as well as commercial kits combining a single agar layer (SAL) assay with ISO bacterial host strains. The three methods gave similar counts (p-value>0.05) for somatic and total coliphages in the matrices with less than 100 PFU/100 mL, whereas for F-specific coliphages, the U.S. EPA method provided statistically significant lower numbers (p-value<0.05) than the other two protocols, possibly because it uses a different bacterial host strain (Escherichia coli HS (pFamp) R vs. the ISO strain Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium WG49). In samples with more than 100 PFU/100 mL, the ISO method yielded higher counts of somatic coliphages than the other two protocols (p-value<0.05). As the three methods provided similar results in clean water, the approach combining a SAL assay with the ISO bacterial host strain could be a useful option for coliphage analysis in this type of sample, as it does not require a concentration step

Exploring the antigenic relatedness of influenza virus haemagglutinins with strain-specific polyclonal antibodies

Alternative methods to the standard haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neutralization tests to probe the antigenic properties of the influenza virus haemagglutinin (HA) were developed in this study. Vaccinia virus recombinants expressing reference HAs were used to immunize rabbits from which polyclonal antibodies were obtained. These antibodies were subtype specific but showed limited intra-subtype strain specificity in ELISA. The discriminatory capacity of these antibodies was, however, markedly increased after adsorption to cells infected with heterologous influenza viruses, revealing antigenic differences that were otherwise undistinguishable by standard HI and neutralization tests. Furthermore, the unadsorbed antibodies could be used to select escape mutants of the reference strain, which after sequencing unveiled amino acid changes responsible of the noted antigenic differences. These procedures therefore provide alternative methods for the antigenic characterization of influenza HA and might be useful in studies of HA antigenic evolution.This work was supported by grants (JAM) GR09/0039, (IC) GR09/0040 and (JAM) SAF2012-31217.S

A method for parameterising roughness and topographic sub-grid scale effects in hydraulic modelling from LiDAR data

This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.High resolution airborne laser data provide new ways to explore the role of topographic complexity in hydraulic modelling parameterisation, taking into account the scale-dependency between roughness and topography. In this paper, a complex topography from LiDAR is processed using a spatially and temporally distributed method at a fine resolution. The surface topographic parameterisation considers the sub-grid LiDAR data points above and below a reference DEM, hereafter named as topographic content. A method for roughness parameterisation is developed based on the topographic content included in the topographic DEM. Five subscale parameterisation schemes are generated (topographic contents at 0, ±5, ±10, ±25 and ±50 cm) and roughness values are calculated using an equation based on the mixing layer theory (Katul et al., 2002), resulting in a co-varied relationship between roughness height and topographic content. Variations in simulated flow across spatial subscales show that the sub grid-scale behaviour of the 2-D model is not well-reflected in the topographic content of the DEM and that subscale parameterisation must be modelled through a spatially distributed roughness parameterisation. Variations in flow predictions are related to variations in the roughness parameter. Flow depth-derived results do not change systematically with variation in roughness height or topographic content but they respond to their interaction. Finally, subscale parameterisation modifies primarily the spatial structure (level of organisation) of simulated 2-D flow linearly with the additional complexity of subscale parameterisation

Application of catalytic hydrodechlorination for the fast removal of chlorinated azole pesticides in drinking water

Catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDC) is regarded as a promising purifying technology for drinking water treatment. So far, it has proved to be highly effective for the removal of different groups of chlorinated micropollutants including pharmaceuticals, neonicotinoid pesticides, personal care products or chloroacetic acids. The azole pesticides, recently included in the EU Watch Lists (Decisions 2020/1161 and 2022/1307), are a group of micropollutants of particular concern for drinking water given their high toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation potential. In this work, the feasibility of HDC for the removal of a representative group of chlorinated azole pesticides tebuconazole (TEB), tetraconazole (TET), prochloraz (PCZ), penconazole (PEN), metconazole (MET) and imazalil (IMZ)) is demonstrated, and their reactivity is compared with that observed for other halogenated micropollutant groups. Notably, all the pesticides investigated in this work (100 μg L− 1 ) were completely dechlorinated within 30 min under ambient conditions using a 1 wt% Pd/Al2O3 catalyst concentration of 0.25 g L− 1 and a H2 feeding of 50 mL N min− 1 . The experimental data were accurately described by a pseudo-first order kinetic equation and rate constant values in the range from 1.08 to 2.60 L gcat − 1 min− 1 were obtained. These values are quite close to those achieved for the most reactive neonicotinoid pesticides and significantly higher than the obtained for chloroacetic acids and most pharmaceuticals (e.g. diclofenac, sertraline or chlorpromazine). From the identification of the generated reaction intermediates and the final nonchlorinated products, sequential reaction pathways were proposed for each pollutant. Remarkably, despite the high toxicity exhibited by the azole pesticides tested, with LC50 values within the 0.4–7.0 mg L− 1 range using A. salina, HDC effluents were non-toxic in all cases. Furthermore, the catalyst showed a remarkable stability upon three consecutive runs. Finally, the versatility of the process was demonstrated in the treatment of real aqueous matrices such as DWTP and tap water, where no significant differences were found either in terms of activity or stabilityThis research has been supported by the Spanish MINECO through project PID2019-105079RB-I00 and by the CM through project P2018/ EMT-4341. J. Nieto-Sandoval and M. Munoz thanks the MINECO for the FPI contract (BES-2017-081346) and the Ramon ´ y Cajal postdoctoral contract (RYC-2016-20648), respectively. R. B. del Olmo thanks the Operational Program for Youth Employment and the Youth Employment Initiative (YEI) of the CM for his contract as Research Assistant (PEJ2020-AI/AMB-19161

Efectos de las fuentes cartográficas en los resultados de la modelación hidráulica de crecidas

[ES] En este trabajo se ha analizado el efecto de la cartografía en los resultados derivados de los modelos hidráulicos. Se han creado siete modelos de elevaciones del terreno (MDT) desarrollados a partir de tres fuentes cartográficas diferentes: un levantamiento por posicionamiento global GPS, un modelo digital de elevaciones a partir de datos altimétricos de alta resolución LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) y una cartografía vectorial de curvas de nivel. Los modelos cartográficos de partida han sido analizados y los resultados del modelo hidráulico se evaluaron en tres contextos diferentes: 1) los propios resultados del modelo: relación caudal-altura de la lámina de agua, 2) la sensibilidad relativa del modelo hidráulico a cambios en el parámetro de resistencia al flujo según el modelo cartográfico utilizado y 3) la delineación del área de inundación. Los cálculos hidráulicos se han basado en un modelo unidimensional (HEC-RAS). El trabajo demuestra la importancia de los modelos cartográficos, al obtener variaciones de 4.5 m en la determinación de la altura de la lámina de agua y de un 50% en la estimación del área inundada para las mismas condiciones de contorno.Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el ámbito del proyecto SPHERE (Systematic, Palaeoflood and Historical data for the improvEment of flood Risk Estimation), financiado por la Comisión Europea (contract number EVG1-CT-1999-00010), y del proyecto PALEOCAP financiado por la CICYT (REN2001-1633/RIES).Casas Planes, A.; Benito, G.; Thorndycraft, VR.; Rico, M. (2005). Efectos de las fuentes cartográficas en los resultados de la modelación hidráulica de crecidas. Ingeniería del agua. 12(4):309-320. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2005.2567309320124Ackermann, F. (1999). Airborne laser scanning - present status and future expectations.ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 54, pp. 64-67.Baltsavias, E.P. (1999). "Airborne laser scanning: basic relations and formulas". ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 54, pp. 199-214.Bates, P.B., Anderson, D.A, Price, D.A., Hardy, R.J., Smith, C.N. (1996). "Analysis and Development of Hydraulic Models for Floodplain Flows". En: Anderson, D.A, Walling, D.E. and Bates, P.B. eds. Floodplain Proceses, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Bates, P.B., De Roo, A.P.J. (2000). "A simple raster-based model for flood inundation simulation". Journal of Hydrology, 236, pp.54-77.Bates, P.D., Marks, K.J., Horritt, M.S. (2003). "Optimal use of high-resolution topographic data in flood inundation models" Hydrological Processes, 17, pp. 537-557.Bonham-Carter, G.F. (1996). Geographic Information Systems for Geoscientists - Modelling with GIS. Pergamon, Oxford.Brasington, J., Rumsby, B.T., McVey, R.A. (2000). "Monitoring and modelling morphological change in a braided gravel-bed river using high-resolution GPS-based survey". Earth Surface Proceses and Landforms, 25, pp. 973-990.Burrough, P.A., McDonnell, R.A. (1998). Principals of Geographical Information Systems, Oxford University Press.Charlton, M.E, Large, A.R.G., Fuller, I.C. (2003). "Application of airborne LiDAR in River environments: The River Coquet, Northumberland, UK" Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, pp. 299-306.Chow V.T., Maidment D.R, Mays L.W. (1988). Applied Hydrology, MacGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.Cobby, D.M., Mason, D.C. (1999). "Image processing of airborne scanning laser altimetry for improved river flood modeling". ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 56, pp. 121-138.Cobby, D.M., Mason, D.C., Horritt, M.S., Bates, P.D. (2003). "Two-dimensional hydraulic flood modelling using a finite-element mesh decomposed according to vegetation and topographic features derived from airborne scanning laser altimetry" Hydrological Processes, 17, pp. 1979-2000.Fix R.E., Burt T.P. (1995). "Global Positioning System: an effective way to map a small catchment". Earth Surface Proceses and Landforms, 20, pp. 817-827.French, J.R. (2003) "Airborne LiDAR in support of geomorphological and hydraulic modelling", Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, pp. 321-335.Gomes Pereira, L.M., Wicherson, R.J. (1999). "Suitability of laser data for deriving geographical information: a case study in the context of management of fluvial zones". ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 54 (2-3), pp. 105-114.Hardy, R.J., Bates, P.D., Anderson, M.G. (1999). "The importance of spatial resolution in hydraulic models for floodplain environments". Journal of Hydrology, 216, pp. 124-136.Horritt, M.S. (2000). "Development of physically based meshes for two-dimensional models of meandering channel flow". International Journal for numerical methods in engineering, 47, pp. 2019-2037.Horritt, M.S., Bates, P.D. (2001a). "Predicting floodplain inundation: rasted-based modelling versus the finite-element approach". Hydrological Processes, 15 (5), pp. 825-842.Horritt, M.S., Bates, P.D. (2001b). "Effects of spatial resolution on a raster based model of flood flow". Journal of Hydrology, 253, pp. 239-249.Hydrologic Engineering Center (1998a). HEC-RAS, River Analysis System User's Manual, Version 3.1, Davis, California.Hydrologic Engineering Center (1998b). HEC-RAS Hydraulic Reference Manual, Davis, California.Hydrologic Engineering Center (2002). HEC-GeoRAS: An extensión for support of HEC-RAS using Arcview User's Manual, Versión 3.1, Davis, California.Keim, R.F., Skaugset, A.E., Bateman, D.S. (1999). "Digital terrain modeling of small stream channels with a total-station theodolite". Advances in water resources, 23, pp. 41-48Lane S.N., Chandler J.H., Richards K.S. (1994). Developments in monitoring and terrain modelling small-scale river bed topography, Earth Surface Proceses and Landforms, 19, pp. 349-368.Marks, K., Bates, P. (2000). "Integration of high resolution topographic data with floodplain flow models". Hydrological Processes, 14, pp. 2109-2122.Martín Vide, J.P. (2002). Ingeniería de ríos. Ediciones UPC, Barcelona.Navitronic Systems AS (1993). Navisound 50 Operators Manual, Denmark.Nicholas, A.P., Walling, D.E. (1997). "Modelling flood hydraulics and overbank deposition on river flood-plains". Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 22 (1), pp. 59-77.Omer, C.R., Nelson, E.J., Zundel, A.K. (2003). "Impact of varied data resolution on Hydraulic Modeling and Floodplain Delineation". Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 39(2), pp. 467-475.Raber, G., Jensen, J.R., Schill, J.R., Schuckman, K. (2003). "Creation of digital terrain models using an adaptive LiDAR vegetation point removal process" Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, vol. 68, 12, pp. 1307-1315.Ruiz, A.; González, X.; Herms, I. & Bastianelli, L. (2002). "Flood Risk Mapping Based on Airborne Laser Scanner Data: case of the Llobregat River". En: Proceedings of the Int. Conference on Flood Estimation, 6-8 March 2002, Bern, Switzerland.Tate, E.C. (1999). Floodplain mapping using HEC-RAS and ArcView GIS, Center for Research in Water Resources, University of Texas at Austin.Wehr, A., Lohr, U. (1999). "Airborne laser scanning-an introduction and overview" ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 54, pp. 68-82.Werner, M.G.F. (2001). Impact of grid size in GIS based flood extent mapping using a 1D flow model. Phys.Chem.Earth (B), Vol. 26, No 7-8, pp.517-522.Wilson, M.D., Atkinson, P.M. (2003). "A comparison of remotely sensed elevation data sets for flood inundation modeling". Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Geocomputation. University of Southampton, U.K