Buprenorphine Versus Methadone for Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder

The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the use of buprenorphine and methadone for the treatment of opioid use disorder. Comparison of overall safety, efficacy, morbidity and mortality between the two treatment options is accomplished throughout this literature review. The literature review was performed using databases: PubMed, Clinical Key, Cochrane and Upto- date. Results were limited to studies completed within the past seven years. Methadone has been the treatment mainstay of opioid use disorder for decades. buprenorphine has increased in popularity and prevalence for treatment of opioid use disorder, especially after receiving FDA approval for such use in 2002. Several benefits of buprenorphine therapy were discovered including a significant reduction in overdose fatalities, more convenient dosing options and easier access to prescribing locations. Treatment retention rates of those receiving buprenorphine was found to be lower, sometimes quite significantly, than those who received methadone therapy. A review of the literature showed that those receiving methadone for the treatment of opioid use disorder have a higher likelihood of hospitalization or fatal overdose during the initiation of therapy. A significantly higher retention rate was shown in those receiving methadone, in comparison to buprenorphine. However, methadone use was found to have an association with occurrences of neonatal abstinence syndrome in those taking the medication during pregnancy. A common negative theme throughout the literature review was the lack of a control population when comparing buprenorphine and methadone. Conclusively, neither methadone nor buprenorphine were found superior when used for treatment of opioid use disorder. Careful consideration must be given to the patient’s personal situation, drug use history and likelihood of compliance

Buprenorphine Versus Methadone for Opioid Use Disorder

The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the use of Buprenorphine and Methadone for the treatment of opioid use disorder. Comparison of overall safety, efficacy, morbidity and mortality between the two treatment options is accomplished throughout this article. The literature review was performed using databases: PubMed, Clinical Key, Cochane and Uptodate. Results were limited to studies completed within the past 7 years. Methadone has been the treatment mainstay of opioid use disorder for decades. Buprenorphine has increased in popularity and prevalence for treatment of opioid use disorder, especially after receiving FDA approval for such use in 2002. Several benefits of Buprenorphine therapy were discovered including a significant reduction in overdose fatalities, more convenient dosing options and easier access to prescribing locations. Retention rates of those receiving Buprenorphine was found to be lower, sometimes quite significantly, than those who received Methadone therapy. A review of the literature showed that those receiving Methadone for the treatment of opioid use disorder have a higher likelihood of hospitalization or fatal overdose during the initiation of therapy. A significantly higher retention rate was shown in those receiving Methadone, in comparison to Buprenorphine. However, Methadone use was found to have an association with occurrences of neonatal abstinence syndrome in those taking the medication during pregnancy. A common negative theme throughout the literature review was the lack of a control population when comparing Buprenorphine and Methadone. Conclusively, neither Methadone nor Buprenorphine were found superior when used for treatment of opioid use disorder. Careful consideration must be given to the patient’s personal situation, drug use history and likelihood of compliance.https://commons.und.edu/pas-grad-posters/1186/thumbnail.jp

Microscopic Description of Bond Strength Mechanisms and Processes

What we are going to try doing today is look inside some polymeric materials and see what happens on this scale. We are going to look at rather selected polymeric materials since this is the state of the art as we have developed it at this time. I hope at least that it will give you some insight as to what happens on the inside of materials in general. I think as engineers that we have to be interested in this

Effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring during diabetic pregnancy (GlucoMOMS trial); a randomised controlled trial

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Integrating LiDAR data and multi-temporal aerial imagery to map wetland inundation dynamics using Google Earth Engine

The Prairie Pothole Region of North America is characterized by millions of depressional wetlands, which provide critical habitats for globally significant populations of migratory waterfowl and other wildlife species. Due to their relatively small size and shallow depth, these wetlands are highly sensitive to climate variability and anthropogenic changes, exhibiting inter- and intra-annual inundation dynamics. Moderate-resolution satellite imagery (e.g., Landsat, Sentinel) alone cannot be used to effectively delineate these small depressional wetlands. By integrating fine spatial resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data and multi-temporal (2009–2017) aerial images, we developed a fully automated approach to delineate wetland inundation extent at watershed scales using Google Earth Engine. Machine learning algorithms were used to classify aerial imagery with additional spectral indices to extract potential wetland inundation areas, which were further refined using LiDAR-derived landform depressions. The wetland delineation results were then compared to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) geospatial dataset and existing global-scale surface water products to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. We tested the workflow on 26 watersheds with a total area of 16,576 km2 in the Prairie Pothole Region. The results showed that the proposed method can not only delineate current wetland inundation status but also demonstrate wetland hydrological dynamics, such as wetland coalescence through fill-spill hydrological processes. Our automated algorithm provides a practical, reproducible, and scalable framework, which can be easily adapted to delineate wetland inundation dynamics at broad geographic scales

Continuous glucose monitoring metrics and pregnancy outcomes in insulin-treated diabetes : A post-hoc analysis of the GlucoMOMS trial

Funding Information: BWM is supported by a NHMRC investigatorgrant (GNT1176437) and BWM reports consultancy, travel support and research funding from Merck. All other authors declare no conflict of interest. The GlucoMOMS trial was funded by ZonMw, the Dutch Organisation for Health Research and Development, project number 80‐82310‐97‐11157. Continuous Glucose Monitors were purchased at a discount price at Medtronic®, Heerlen, The Netherlands. Neither ZonMw nor Medtronic had a role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the reports of either the original study or the current post hoc analysis. 10 Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A Selective Interplay between Aberrant EPSPKA and INaP Reduces Spike Timing Precision in Dentate Granule Cells of Epileptic Rats

Spike timing precision is a fundamental aspect of neuronal information processing in the brain. Here we examined the temporal precision of input–output operation of dentate granule cells (DGCs) in an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In TLE, mossy fibers sprout and establish recurrent synapses on DGCs that generate aberrant slow kainate receptor–mediated excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPKA) not observed in controls. We report that, in contrast to time-locked spikes generated by EPSPAMPA in control DGCs, aberrant EPSPKA are associated with long-lasting plateaus and jittered spikes during single-spike mode firing. This is mediated by a selective voltage-dependent amplification of EPSPKA through persistent sodium current (INaP) activation. In control DGCs, a current injection of a waveform mimicking the slow shape of EPSPKA activates INaP and generates jittered spikes. Conversely in epileptic rats, blockade of EPSPKA or INaP restores the temporal precision of EPSP–spike coupling. Importantly, EPSPKA not only decrease spike timing precision at recurrent mossy fiber synapses but also at perforant path synapses during synaptic integration through INaP activation. We conclude that a selective interplay between aberrant EPSPKA and INaP severely alters the temporal precision of EPSP–spike coupling in DGCs of chronic epileptic rats

Organotypic Culture of Physiologically Functional Adult Mammalian Retinas

BACKGROUND: The adult mammalian retina is an important model in research on the central nervous system. Many experiments require the combined use of genetic manipulation, imaging, and electrophysiological recording, which make it desirable to use an in vitro preparation. Unfortunately, the tissue culture of the adult mammalian retina is difficult, mainly because of the high energy consumption of photoreceptors. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We describe an interphase culture system for adult mammalian retina that allows for the expression of genes delivered to retinal neurons by particle-mediated transfer. The retinas retain their morphology and function for up to six days— long enough for the expression of many genes of interest—so that effects upon responses to light and receptive fields could be measured by patch recording or multielectrode array recording. We show that a variety of genes encoding pre- and post-synaptic marker proteins are localized correctly in ganglion and amacrine cells. CONCLUSIONS: In this system the effects on neuronal function of one or several introduced exogenous genes can be studied within intact neural circuitry of adult mammalian retina. This system is flexible enough to be compatible with genetic manipulation, imaging, cell transfection, pharmacological assay, and electrophysiological recordings

The effects of traditional, superset, and tri-set resistance training structures on perceived intensity and physiological responses.

PURPOSE: Investigate the acute and short-term (i.e., 24 h) effects of traditional (TRAD), superset (SS), and tri-set (TRI) resistance training protocols on perceptions of intensity and physiological responses. METHODS: Fourteen male participants completed a familiarisation session and three resistance training protocols (i.e., TRAD, SS, and TRI) in a randomised-crossover design. Rating of perceived exertion, lactate concentration ([Lac]), creatine kinase concentration ([CK]), countermovement jump (CMJ), testosterone, and cortisol concentrations was measured pre, immediately, and 24-h post the resistance training sessions with magnitude-based inferences assessing changes/differences within/between protocols. RESULTS: TRI reported possible to almost certainly greater efficiency and rate of perceived exertion, although session perceived load was very likely lower. SS and TRI had very likely to almost certainly greater lactate responses during the protocols, with changes in [CK] being very likely and likely increased at 24 h, respectively. At 24-h post-training, CMJ variables in the TRAD protocol had returned to baseline; however, SS and TRI were still possibly to likely reduced. Possible increases in testosterone immediately post SS and TRI protocols were reported, with SS showing possible increases at 24-h post-training. TRAD and SS showed almost certain and likely decreases in cortisol immediately post, respectively, with TRAD reporting likely decreases at 24-h post-training. CONCLUSIONS: SS and TRI can enhance training efficiency and reduce training time. However, acute and short-term physiological responses differ between protocols. Athletes can utilise SS and TRI resistance training, but may require additional recovery post-training to minimise effects of fatigue