481 research outputs found
The Ljapunov-Schmidt reduction for some critical problems
This is a survey about the application of the Ljapunov-Schmidt reduction for
some critical problems
Bi-directional Alfv\'en Cyclotron Instabilities in the Mega-Amp Spherical Tokamak
Alfv\'en cyclotron instabilities excited by velocity gradients of energetic
beam ions were investigated in MAST experiments with super-Alfv\'enic NBI over
a wide range of toroidal magnetic fields from ~0.34 T to ~0.585 T. In MAST
discharges with high magnetic field, a discrete spectrum of modes in the
sub-cyclotron frequency range is excited toroidally propagating counter to the
beam and plasma current (toroidal mode numbers n < 0).Comment: 28 pages, 13 figures. This article has been submitted to Physics of
Plasmas. After it is published, it will be found at
http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/pop/brows
Frequency and genome load of Epstein-Barr virus in 509 breast cancers from different geographical areas
Since the few data exploring a possible association between Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and breast cancer are conflicting, we investigated this association together with the influences of geographical areas. 509 breast cancers were sampled from areas with varying risks of nasopharynx carcinoma (NPC) such as North Africa (Algeria and Tunisia, high-risk area); southern France (Marseille, intermediate-risk area); and northern Europe (northern France, the Netherlands and Denmark; low-risk areas). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of a subregion of EBV BamHIC encoding the EBERs demonstrated that 31.8% of the tumours contained the viral genome. No significant differences were observed among the geographical areas. However, positive samples showed higher loads of the EBV genome in the NPC high- and intermediate-risk areas than in the low-risk areas. EBV type 1 was the dominant strain. In situ hybridization studies using a35S-labelled riboprobe for EBER1 and a laser capture microdissection, combined with quantitative PCR, showed that EBV localization was restricted to some tumour epithelial cell clusters. EBV could not be detected in the stroma. Considering the whole population covered, the presence of the EBV genome was not correlated with age, menopausal status, tumour, size, nodal status or histological grade. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www. bjcancer.co
Aerodynamic investigations of ventilated brake discs.
The heat dissipation and performance of a ventilated brake disc strongly depends
on the aerodynamic characteristics of the flow through the rotor passages. The
aim of this investigation was to provide an improved understanding of ventilated
brake rotor flow phenomena, with a view to improving heat dissipation, as well
as providing a measurement data set for validation of computational fluid
dynamics methods. The flow fields at the exit of four different brake rotor
geometries, rotated in free air, were measured using a five-hole pressure probe
and a hot-wire anemometry system. The principal measurements were taken using
two-component hot-wire techniques and were used to determine mean and unsteady
flow characteristics at the exit of the brake rotors. Using phase-locked data
processing, it was possible to reveal the spatial and temporal flow variation
within individual rotor passages. The effects of disc geometry and rotational
speed on the mean flow, passage turbulence intensity, and mass flow were
determined. The rotor exit jet and wake flow were clearly observed as
characterized by the passage geometry as well as definite regions of high and
low turbulence. The aerodynamic flow characteristics were found to be reasonably
independent of rotational speed but highly dependent upon rotor geometry
Influence of plasma turbulence on microwave propagation
It is not fully understood how electromagnetic waves propagate through plasma
density fluctuations when the size of the fluctuations is comparable with the
wavelength of the incident radiation. In this paper, the perturbing effect of a
turbulent plasma density layer on a traversing microwave beam is simulated with
full-wave simulations. The deterioration of the microwave beam is calculated as
a function of the characteristic turbulence structure size, the turbulence
amplitude, the depth of the interaction zone and the size of the waist of the
incident beam. The maximum scattering is observed for a structure size on the
order of half the vacuum wavelength. The scattering and beam broadening was
found to increase linearly with the depth of the turbulence layer and
quadratically with the fluctuation strength. Consequences for experiments and
3D effects are considered.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures. This is an author-created, un-copyedited
version of an article submitted for publication in Plasma Physics and
Controlled Fusion. IoP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or
omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from i
Evaluation of strain and stress states in the single point incremental forming process
Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is a promising
manufacturing process suitable for small batch production.
Furthermore, the material formability is enhanced in
comparison with the conventional sheet metal forming processes,
resulting from the small plastic zone and the incremental
nature. Nevertheless, the further development of the SPIF
process requires the full understanding of the material deformation
mechanism, which is of great importance for the effective
process optimization. In this study, a comprehensive
finite element model has been developed to analyse the state
of strain and stress in the vicinity of the contact area, where the
plastic deformation increases by means of the forming tool
action. The numerical model is firstly validated with experimental
results from a simple truncated cone of AA7075-O
aluminium alloy, namely, the forming force evolution, the
final thickness and the plastic strain distributions. In order to
evaluate accurately the through-thickness gradients, the blank
is modelled with solid finite elements. The small contact area
between the forming tool and the sheet produces a negative
mean stress under the tool, postponing the ductile fracture
occurrence. On the other hand, the residual stresses in both
circumferential and meridional directions are positive in the
inner skin of the cone and negative in the outer skin. They
arise predominantly along the circumferential direction due to
the geometrical restrictions in this direction.The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the
financial support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology
(FCT) under project PTDC/EMS-TEC/1805/2012. The first author is
also grateful to the FCT for the postdoctoral grant SFRH/BPD/101334/2014.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Review article: MHD wave propagation near coronal null points of magnetic fields
We present a comprehensive review of MHD wave behaviour in the neighbourhood
of coronal null points: locations where the magnetic field, and hence the local
Alfven speed, is zero. The behaviour of all three MHD wave modes, i.e. the
Alfven wave and the fast and slow magnetoacoustic waves, has been investigated
in the neighbourhood of 2D, 2.5D and (to a certain extent) 3D magnetic null
points, for a variety of assumptions, configurations and geometries. In
general, it is found that the fast magnetoacoustic wave behaviour is dictated
by the Alfven-speed profile. In a plasma, the fast wave is focused
towards the null point by a refraction effect and all the wave energy, and thus
current density, accumulates close to the null point. Thus, null points will be
locations for preferential heating by fast waves. Independently, the Alfven
wave is found to propagate along magnetic fieldlines and is confined to the
fieldlines it is generated on. As the wave approaches the null point, it
spreads out due to the diverging fieldlines. Eventually, the Alfven wave
accumulates along the separatrices (in 2D) or along the spine or fan-plane (in
3D). Hence, Alfven wave energy will be preferentially dissipated at these
locations. It is clear that the magnetic field plays a fundamental role in the
propagation and properties of MHD waves in the neighbourhood of coronal null
points. This topic is a fundamental plasma process and results so far have also
lead to critical insights into reconnection, mode-coupling, quasi-periodic
pulsations and phase-mixing.Comment: 34 pages, 5 figures, invited review in Space Science Reviews => Note
this is a 2011 paper, not a 2010 pape
Après une décennie de « buzz » : quelle pertinence pour le concept de modèle d’affaires en stratégie?
Une dizaine d’années après la renaissance manifeste de l’intérêt des praticiens, puis des chercheurs, pour le concept de modèle d’affaires (business model), la question de sa pertinence au regard des concepts et des outils existants en stratégie persiste. Concept polysémique? Concept « valise »? Concept utile? Concept durable? Autant de questions qui, au-delà de la popularité du concept, nous invitent à porter un regard à la fois critique et constructif sur le modèle d’affaires dans le champ du management stratégique.Alors que notre pratique d’enseignement de la stratégie et d’accompagnement de projets d’innovation nous amenait à questionner la pertinence du concept/outil du modèle d’affaires, il nous sembla qu’un tour de table s’imposait pour tenter de répondre aux questions soulevées. Ce tour de table s’est tenu le 8 juin 2011 lors de la XXe conférence de l’Association Internationale de Management Stratégique (AIMS) à Nantes. Ce petit ouvrage a pour but de faire partager au lecteur l’intégralité des propos échangés ce jour-là
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