Inserción de Colombia en la Cuenca del Pacifico: el nuevo eje de la economía mundial

El comercio internacional ha presentado, a lo largo de los años, un fuerte dinamismo que ha impulsado a las naciones del mundo ha desarrollar distintas estrategias para afrontar las nuevos cambios y desafíos que ha traído consigo la globalización. El centro económico mundial se ha trasladado, en el pasado, del Mediterráneo al Atlántico, y hoy parece seguir una nueva tendencia hacia el Pacífico. El enorme potencial de su mercado y los grandes avances para la cooperación comercial que se han logrado entre los países que conforman la Cuenca del Pacífico, confirma la importancia de esta región, que se ha convertido en el nuevo epicentro económico mundial. Colombia cuenta con una posición geográfica privilegiada que le permite tener un fácil acceso al comercio con los países de la Cuenca. Sin embargo, su inserción a este mercado ha sido débil y tardío, si se compara con otros países de América Latina como Chile, que cuenta con una participación activa en este bloque económico desde hace varias décadas. Es necesario, de esta manera, que el país implemente estrategias enfocadas a lograr un cambio en el enfoque en su política exterior, que le permita fortalecer las relaciones comerciales con la otras naciones que hacen parte de la Cuenca del pacífico, para aprovechar eficazmente las oportunidades y ventajas que se presentan en este mercado y que pueden ser determinantes para el desarrollo económico del país en el futuroThe international commerce has presented, over the years, a strong dynamism that has driven all nations over the world to develop different strategies to face the new changes and challenges that have come along with the process of globalization. The world´s economic center has moved for the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, in the past, and it seems that it follows a new trend towards the Pacific. The great potential of its market and the significant progress of the commercial cooperation between the countries within the Pacific basin, confirms the importance of this region that has become the new global economic center. Colombia has a privileged geographical position that provides the country with an important access to the commerce within the basin. However, its inclusion in this market has been weak and delayed, compared with other Latin American countries such as Chile, which has an active participation in this economic bloc through the past few decades. It has become necessary, that the country sets up new strategies aimed to achieve a change in its foreign policy. Theses will strengthen the commercial relations with other nations from the Pacific Basin, to take advantage of the opportunities that are present in this market and that can be crucial for the future economic development of the country

Miradas colectivas departamento de Cundinamarca_ distrito capital Bogotá

Bogotá es una ciudad que presenta incontables y multitudinarias miradas, sus características sociodemográficas encierran problemáticas sociales de todas las índoles, que requieren ser atendidas, con el fin de cambiar o transformar dicha realidad, que afecta el bienestar y calidad de vida de las familias. Con la participación de todos los actores y con una actitud proactiva, se busca promocionar una buena convivencia, realizar inicialmente una descripción a las problemáticas más visibles, que determinan el grado de inconformidad, desconcierto y preocupación de la población, porque se ven vulnerados sus derechos ante la problemática que les afecta. A través del apoyo y búsqueda de estrategias, se pretende transformar la realidad social y mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas para que las comunidades sean generadoras de su propio cambio. Como en todo cambio social se necesita de un apoyo profesional que coadyuve a la renovación en la población que se interviene. En la dinámica podemos identificar fortalezas de los miembros en su entorno para lograr un dialogo, el cual se puede manifestar de manera verbal y no verbal, al que le podemos dar un significado como elemento en sus comunicación familiar, social y personal. Igualmente se puede resaltar aspectos negativos y que nosotros como profesionales en formación debemos saber manejar, la poca participación, la no asistencia de las reuniones, apatía en los encuentros, pero como producto de intervención, se logra llevar un trabajo de éxito, formativo y de una experiencia grandiosa para nuestra labor como futuros profesionales de la salud mental.ABSTRAC Bogota is a city that presents countless and multitudinous looks, its characteristics sociodemográficas shut up problematic social of all the natures, which need to be attended, in order to change or to transform the above mentioned reality, which affects the well-being and quality of life of the families. With the participation of all the actors and with a proactive attitude, one thinks about how to promote a good coexistence, realize initially a description to the problematic most visible, which determine the grade of dissent, uncertainty and worry of the population, because its rights turn out to be damaged before the problems that affects them. Across the support and search of strategies, one tries to transform the social reality and improve the quality of life of the persons so that the communities are generating of their own change. Since in any social change it is needed from a professional support that coadyuve to the renewal in the population who is taken control. In the dynamics we can identify fortitude of the members in its environment to achieve a dialogue, which can be evident in a verbal and not verbal way, which we can give a meaning as element in its familiar, social and personal communication. The same way it is possible to highlight negative aspects and that we like professionals in formation must be able to handle, few participation, not assistance of the meetings, apathy in the meetings, but like intervention product, one manages to take a work of success, formative and of a grand experience for our work like future professionals of the mental heal

Shared Oncogenic Pathways Implicated in Both Virus-Positive and UV-Induced Merkel Cell Carcinomas

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly malignant neuroendocrine tumor of the skin whose molecular pathogenesis is not completely understood, despite the role that Merkel cell polyomavirus can play in 55e90% of cases. To study potential mechanisms driving this disease in clinically characterized cases, we searched for somatic mutations using whole-exome sequencing, and extrapolated our findings to study functional biomarkers reporting on the activity of the mutated pathways. Confirming previous results, Merkel cell polyomavirus-negative tumors had higher mutational loads with UV signatures and more frequent mutations in TP53 and RB compared with their Merkel cell polyomavirus-positive counterparts. Despite important genetic differences, the two Merkel cell carcinoma etiologies both exhibited nuclear accumulation of oncogenic transcription factors such as NFAT or nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), P-CREB, and P-STAT3, indicating commonly deregulated pathogenic mechanisms with the potential to serve as targets for therapy. A multivariable analysis identified phosphorylated CRE-binding protein as an independent survival factor with respect to clinical variables and Merkel cell polyomavirus status in our cohort of Merkel cell carcinoma patients.This work was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud-Carlos III (ISCIII); cofinanced by the European Union; (FEDER) (PI12/00357), and a Ramón and Cajal research program (MINECO; RYC-2013-14097) to JPV, Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer and ISCIII grants (RD06/0020/0107, RD012/0036/0060) to MAP, and Coordinated Project of Excellence inter-Institutos de investigación acreditados institutes (ISCIII; PIE15/00081) to MAP. The Ramón and Cajal research program also supports IV. SD was supported by the Torres Quevedo subprogram (MICINN; PTQ-12-05391)

XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"

Este título, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situación de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy críticos, permiten asumir la obligada superación de tensiones sociales, políticas, y económicas; pero sobre todo científicas y tecnológicas. Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial después de que haya cesado la perturbación a la que fue sometida por la catastrófica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aún se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrá que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemán y catedrático de economía de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient Society…La cuestión no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionar…aprender a recuperarse rápido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological. Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot

Estudio bacteriológico de la calidad del pescado fresco, Bagre (Pseudoplatystoma sp.) y Mojarra Roja (Oreochromis sp.) comercializado en el municipio de El Colegio, Cundinamarca (Colombia)

Bacteriological quality of fresh fish, Catfish (Pseudoplatystoma sp.) and Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), as marketed in the municipality of El Colegio, Cundinamarca (Colombia) In the municipality of El Colegio, Cundinamarca (Colombia) the need for regular checkson good manufacturing practices that reduce the degree of contamination that may be occurring in the fresh fish outlets was observed. Bacteriological analysis allowed to confirm the absence of Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio cholerae pathogens, contrasting to the presence in a high rate of other enterobacteria, related mostly with the water from which fish comes, such as C. amalonaticus and C. freundii in 30% of the samples, K. oxytoca, E. cloacae, and E. tarda on a 10% respectively. In Red Tilapia, K. oxytoca, K. ozaenae, E. tarda, P. mirabilis were isolated with a 20% respectively, and V. metschnikoviiin 10%. In large quantities, these microorganisms can pose a risk to public health.En el Municipio El Colegio, Cundinamarca, se observa la necesidad de realizar controles periódicos sobre buenas prácticas de manufactura que disminuyan el grado de contaminación que pueda estar presentándose en los expendios de pescado fresco. El análisis bacteriológico permitió confirmar ausencia de los patógenos Salmonella s.p, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Vibrio cholerae, en contraste con la presencia en un alto índice de otro tipo de enterobacterias relacionadas en su mayoría con el agua de donde proviene el pescado, como C. amalonaticus y C. freundii en un 30% de las muestras; K. oxytoca, E. cloacae, y E. tarda en un 10% respectivamente. Para Mojarra Roja se aisló K. oxytoca, K. ozaenae, E. tarda, P. mirabilis en un 20% respectivamente y V. metschnikovii en un 10%; microorganismos que en elevadas cantidades pueden representar un alto riesgo para la salud pública

Conflictos socioambientales en el Valle del Cauca: caña de azúcar

Este texto hace parte de la colección Conflictos Socioambientales en el Valle del Cauca y de la Serie Derechos Humanos y Cultura de Paz, investigación que se realiza por el Grupo de Investigación Ignacio Torres Giraldo, avalado por la Universidad Libre seccional Cali y la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD, donde se abordan distintas temáticas relacionadas con los derechos humanos y el desarrollo rural. En este libro se presentan los resultados de este ejercicio a través del análisis del conflicto socioambiental generado por el monocultivo de la caña de azúcar en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. En la primera parte el documento se ocupa de la historia de la expansión del monocultivo de la caña; luego se hace una contextualización que comprende los ámbitos mundial, nacional y regional; seguidamente, se analiza la Normatividad Colombiana en materia de derecho al medio ambiente o derechos del medio ambiente; y para finalizar se presenta un estudio de caso sobre el cambio paisajístico que generó el sistema productivo de la caña de azúcar en los corregimientos de Guabas y Guabitas del municipio de Guacarí, en el departamento del Valle del Cauca. Los conflictos socioambientales entendidos como las tensiones que surgen entre los distintos actores que habitan el territorio y confrontan sus visiones de habitar el mundo; éstos por lo general se dan entre comunidad-ambiente con la multinacional, el Estado, la empresa privada y el inversionista. El ambiente, lo comunitario y lo social son vistos como un todo, por lo que al afectar a uno se afecta al otro. Mientras la comunidad habita el territorio, los intereses del capital buscan consumirlo. Particularmente, en el Valle del Cauca, el monocultivo de la caña de azúcar ha tenido un impacto ambiental profundo que ha modificado las condiciones sociales, culturales y económicas de la población vallecaucana. En ese sentido este texto, pretende identificar los elementos que han llevado a la transformación del paisaje y los modos de vida con la llegada y expansión de la caña de azúcar, así como las normas que han posibilitado su desarrollo y sostenimiento. Igualmente se hace necesario comprender la historia ambiental, lo que la sistematización de los hechos más relevantes y trascendentales del pasado, donde cada suceso de la vida de la humanidad es examinado, analizado en función de sus causas y consecuencias, no es más que plasmarlos en registros que evidencien la vivencia de cada individuo, para comprender el presente, estudiarlo y prepararlo con el fin de exponerlo en el futuro como parte de legado de las vivencias de las comunidades, la vida de la naturaleza y su influencia sobre la humanidad, razón por la cual, este libro aborda un estudio de caso que evidencia las apreciaciones expuestas en los tres primeros capítulos. Hay que resaltar que, en el entendimiento de los conflictos socioambientales, está posibilidad de enfrentar el desarrollismo, el capital industrial y el impulso de la agroindustria que destruye el equilibrio de la vida humana y natural, por lo que al finalizar el texto se hacen unas recomendaciones para su abordaje en el estudio de caso que se complementan con las conclusiones hechas en la primera entrega de la serie titulada “Conflictos socioambientales”

Effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in adults with moderate and severe atopic dermatitis in Colombia: real-life experience

Background. Dupilumab is a treatment approved for uncontrolled moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Tropical and developing countries such as Colombia have characteristics that may impact the natural history of AD and access to medical treatments. In that sense, we aimed to describe the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in adults with moderate to severe AD in a Colombian multicenter cohort. Methods.Multicenter descriptive study that included patients who started treatment between March 2018 and May 2020 in 6 centers. Disease severity was assessed using the following: Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Patient Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). These measurements were collected according to availability at baseline, 3–5 months, 6–12 months, and more than 12 months. Days of sick leave, hospitalizations, and AD flares before and after dupilumab treatment were reported. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded during follow-up. Results. Ninety-three patients were included, with a median age of 32 years (IQR: 24.0; 40.0) and a disease evolution time of 21 years (IQR: 16.0; 29.5). 88.2% had at least 1 allergic disease other than AD. An improvement greater than or equal to 75% EASI was observed in 41.7% of patients at 3–5 months, in 73.7% of patients at 6–12 months, and in 75.0% of patients after 12 months. For those reporting SCORAD and POEM, the median percent change ([IQR], n) from baseline in SCORAD was −67.1 ([−79.2; −54.2], n = 16), −70.5 ([−85.8; −47.9], n = 36) and −66.7 ([−77.3; −51.0], n = 13); and POEM, −58.6 ([−66.4; −55.5], n = 4), −73.0 ([−86.5; −66.7], n = 16) and −87.3 ([−93.4; −69.6], n = 8), respectively. Before initiation of dupilumab treatment, 82 (88.2%) patients reported at least 1 flare of AD in the past 12 months. During the follow-up period, 30 (32.3%) patients reported at least 1 exacerbation or flare. Twelve patients (12.9%) presented an AE and 3 (3.2%) patients discontinued dupilumab for this cause. Conclusions. Dupilumab was effective and safe for the treatment of moderate to severe AD in point-of-care settings, with results similar to randomized controlled and other real-life studies. These positive results are still maintained even though a high number of patients had short interruptions in the use of dupilumab due to administrative problems

Effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in adults with moderate and severe atopic dermatitis in Colombia: Real-life experience

Background: Dupilumab is a treatment approved for uncontrolled moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Tropical and developing countries such as Colombia have characteristics that may impact the natural history of AD and access to medical treatments. In that sense, we aimed to describe the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in adults with moderate to severe AD in a Colombian multicenter cohort. Methods: Multicenter descriptive study that included patients who started treatment between March 2018 and May 2020 in 6 centers. Disease severity was assessed using the following: Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Patient Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). These measurements were collected according to availability at baseline, 3–5 months, 6–12 months, and more than 12 months. Days of sick leave, hospitalizations, and AD flares before and after dupilumab treatment were reported. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded during follow-up. Results: Ninety-three patients were included, with a median age of 32 years (IQR: 24.0; 40.0) and a disease evolution time of 21 years (IQR: 16.0; 29.5). 88.2% had at least 1 allergic disease other than AD. An improvement greater than or equal to 75% EASI was observed in 41.7% of patients at 3–5 months, in 73.7% of patients at 6–12 months, and in 75.0% of patients after 12 months. For those reporting SCORAD and POEM, the median percent change ([IQR], n) from baseline in SCORAD was −67.1 ([−79.2; −54.2], n = 16), −70.5 ([−85.8; −47.9], n = 36) and −66.7 ([−77.3; −51.0], n = 13); and POEM, −58.6 ([−66.4; −55.5], n = 4), −73.0 ([−86.5; −66.7], n = 16) and −87.3 ([−93.4; −69.6], n = 8), respectively. Before initiation of dupilumab treatment, 82 (88.2%) patients reported at least 1 flare of AD in the past 12 months. During the follow-up period, 30 (32.3%) patients reported at least 1 exacerbation or flare. Twelve patients (12.9%) presented an AE and 3 (3.2%) patients discontinued dupilumab for this cause. Conclusions: Dupilumab was effective and safe for the treatment of moderate to severe AD in point-of-care settings, with results similar to randomized controlled and other real-life studies. These positive results are still maintained even though a high number of patients had short interruptions in the use of dupilumab due to administrative problems