Acidification process as a factor of soil degradation in eastern Serbia.

Ацидификацијa јe процeс смањeња pH врeдности зeмљишта и рeзултат јe бројних биогeохeмијских процeса. У влажним и умереним климатским зонама, ацидификација је природан процес условљен хемизмом минералне фазе земљишта, типом вегетације и климoм. У природним условима овај процeс јe дуготрајан и део је процеса развоја земљишта, због чега се не може посматрати као процес деградације. Дејством антропогеног фактора, прeкомeрним eмисијама сумпора и азота, неадекватним системима управљања, променом начина коришћења земљишта, као и глобалних климатских промена, процeс ацидификацијe можe бити знатно убрзан и интeнзивиран. У овом контeксту ацидифкација зeмљишта прeдставља облик хeмијскe дeградацијe зeмљишта. Ацидифкација земљишта, изазвана депозицијама сумпора и азота, због негативних ефеката на виталност природних екосистема и биодиверитет последњих 70 година, је достигла статус еколошког проблема глобалних размера. На подручју источнe Србијe у шумским и eкосистeмима високо-планинских пашњака, ацидификација земљишта доводи до смањeња квалитeта зeмљишта као рeсурса и природног добра. Наглe промeнe хeмизма зeмљишта изазванe кисeлим дeпозицијама дирeктно и индирeктно утичу на дeструкцију природних станишта, што води до трајног губитка eколошких и социо-eкономских функција eкосистeма. У оквиру овог рада дефинисани су трендови депозиција сумпора и азота као и њихова веза са осетљивошћу земљишта на процес ацидификације и издвојене су актуелне и потенцијалне зоне ризика деградације земљишта. Процeна стeпeна осeтљивости зeмљишта шумских и високо-планинских пашњачких eкосистeма прeма процeсу ацидификацијe, извршeна јe мeтодом за прорачун критичних оптeрeћeња примeном VSD модeла. Критична оптeрeћeња и прeкорачeња загађујућих матeрија у ваздуху прeдстављају јeдан од главних индикатора осeтљивости шумских и других тeрeстричних eкосистeма и прeдстављају основу за одрживо управљањe eкосистeмима као основних принципа мeђународног eколошког права и националнe политикe...Acidification is a process of decreasing soil pH value over time as a result of numerous biogeochemical processes. In humid and temperate climatic zones, acidification is a natural process caused by soil mineral phase, vegetation type and climate. Under natural conditions, this is a long term process of soil development which can not be seen as a process of land degradation.The influence of anthropogenic factors, excessive emissions of sulphur and nitrogen, inadequate ecosystem management, land use changes, as well as global climate change, acidification process can be significantly accelerated and intensified. In this context, soil acidification is a form of soil chemical degradation. Acidification induced by deposition of sulphur and nitrogen, due to the negative effects on natural ecosystems and biodiversity loss in the past 70 years, has become a global environmental problem. In forest and highland grasslands of Eastern Serbia soil acidification leads to a reduction/loss of soil quality, as resource and natural good. Rapid change of soil chemistry caused by acidic deposition directly and indirectly leads to destruction of natural habitats, and disturbance of environmental and socioeconomic functions of ecosystems. In this paper were defined trends of sulphur and nitrogen deposition, their relationship with the soil sensitivity to acidification as well as current and potential soil degradation risk areas. Assessment of soil sensitivity to acidification of forest and high mountain grasslands, were performed by using critical load concept and VSD model. Critical loads and exceedances of air pollutants are one of the main indicators of forest and terrestrial ecosystem sensitivity to acidification. The critical load concept can be considered as a tool for integrated monitoring of air pollution effects on ecosystems and fundamental principle of international environmental law and national clean air policy. Different ecosystem vulnerability zones to air pollutants were performed and based on soil sensitivity and concentrations of sulphur and nitrogen deposition for the period 1980-2009. The interdependence of soil properties and factors with the greatest impact on soil acidification were singled out by applying the method of simple and multiple regression, as well as factor analysis..

Prosthetics in paediatric dentistry

Premature loss of teeth in children may lead to both functional and esthetic problems. Missing teeth in both anterior and posterior regions may cause malfunctions in mastication and proper pronunciation. If the missing teeth are not replaced, further complications may occur, including adjacent tooth migration, loss of alveolar bone, and irregular occlusion. Considering the sensitive nature of children, loss of teeth may cause the development of insecurities and low self esteem problems. Due to dynamic nature of growth in children and adolescents, prosthetic appliances must not hinder development of orofacial system, and must meet adequate esthetic and functional standards. Dental prosthetic appliances in paediatrics must be planned with respect to the special conditions that led to tooth loss or damage. Multi-disciplinary approach is needed, under constant supervision of paediatric dentist and orthodontist, as well as regular checkups with clinical and radiographical examinations

Teškoće u održavanju oralnog zdravlja kod dece i adolescenata sa poremećajima iz autističnog spektra - opažanja roditelja

Introduction/Objective Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by features that have the potential to make oral hygiene and dental appointments challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate difficulties related to oral hygiene and dental appointments that may be encountered in children and adolescents with ASD, in comparison to their typically developing peers. Methods A 48-item questionnaire was prepared for the purpose of the study and distributed to parents of children and adolescents with ASD in three specialized daycare centers, as well as to parents of typically developing children and adolescents at the Clinic for Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry in Belgrade, Serbia. Ninety-two questionnaires were considered and statistically analyzed in the SPSS program, using χ2 and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results The following statistically significant differences were found between children and adolescents with ASD and their typically developing peers: general difficulties in everyday oral hygiene, need of help for basic oral hygiene tasks, tooth brushing frequency, sensory difficulties related to toothbrush and toothpaste, level of anxiety prior to dental appointment, cooperation during appointment, sensory difficulties related to touch, operatory light and sound of dental unit, number of treatments under general anesthesia, and the number of refused dental treatments. Conclusion Children and adolescents with ASD face significantly more difficulties concerning everyday oral hygiene and dental appointments in comparison to their typically developing peers. Dentists' awareness of issues that are specific to this population of patients is important in order to enable quality dental care.Uvod/Cilj Poremećaji autističnog spektra (PAS) mogu biti uzrok poteškoća vezanih za održavanje oralne higijene, kao i za posete stomatologu. Cilj rada je bio da se utvrde razlike između dece i adolescenata sa PAS i kontrolne grupe neurotipičnih vršnjaka sa aspekta održavanja oralne higijene i poseta stomatologu. Metode Upitnik od 48 pitanja distribuiran je roditeljima dece i adolescenata sa PAS u tri specijalizovana dnevna boravka, kao i roditeljima kontrolne grupe neurotipičnih vršnjaka. Devedeset dva upitnika je uzeto u obzir i statistički analizirano u programu SPSS. Rezultati Statistički značajne razlike između dece i adolescenata sa PAS i njihovih tipično razvijenih vršnjaka utvrđene su u sledećim kategorijama: teškoće u svakodnevnoj oralnoj higijeni, potreba za pomoći u održavanju oralne higijene, učestalost pranja zuba, senzorne teškoće vezane za četkicu i zubnu pastu, nivo anksioznosti pre posete stomatologu, saradnja tokom stomatološkog tretmana, senzorne teškoće vezane za dodir stomatologa, svetlo i zvuk stomatološkog uređaja, broj tretmana pod opštom anestezijom i broj odbijenih stomatoloških usluga. Zaključak Deca i adolescenti sa PAS suočavaju se sa znatno većim poteškoćama u pogledu svakodnevne oralne higijene i poseta stomatologu u poređenju sa tipično razvijenim vršnjacima. Svest stomatologa o pitanjima koja su specifična za ovu populaciju pacijenata je važna kako bi se deci i adolescentima sa PAS omogućila kvalitetna stomatološka nega

Soil acidification as a limiting factor to agricultural production in the municipality of Ljubovija

The process of soil acidification means, above all, a reduction of soil solution pH. It can be the result of slow, years-long natural process or considerably accelerated due to a combination of natural processes and anthropogenic influences. Acidification is a very important factor in the permanent degradation of the fertility of soil, as the most important and hardly renewable natural resource. Studies on soil susceptibility to the process of acidification were carried out in the Municipality of Ljubovija, using three methods. Defining of the degree of soil susceptibility to the process of acidification allows timely activities aimed at the reduction of overall soil acidity. Management of agricultural land, in isolated areas, must be focused on a balanced use of fertilizers and agrotechnical measures, using proper planting /crops to achieve the optimum use of resources and sustainable soil fertility

Redoks-status i koncentracije biometala u Wistar štakora nakon subakutnog izlaganja fluoridu i zaštitni učinak selena

This study aimed to investigate the effect of 150 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF) on redox status parameters and essential metals [copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn)] in the blood, liver, kidney, brain, and spleen of Wistar rats and to determine the protective potential of selenium (Se) against fluoride (F-) toxicity. Male Wistar rats were randomly distributed in groups of five (n=5) receiving tap water (control) or water with NaF 150 mg/L, NaF 150 mg/L + Se 1.5 mg/L, and Se 1.5 mg/L solutions ad libitum for 28 days. Fluorides caused an imbalance in the redox and biometal (Cu, Fe, and Zn) status, leading to high superoxide anion (O2 .-) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the blood and brain and a drop in superoxide dismutase (SOD1) activity in the liver and its increase in the brain and kidneys. Se given with NaF improved MDA, SOD1, and O2 .- in the blood, brain, and kidneys, while alone it decreased SH group levels in the liver and kidney. Biometals both reduced and increased F- toxicity. Further research is needed before Se should be considered as a promising strategy for mitigating F- toxicity. © 2022 Jelena Radovanović, Biljana Antonijević, Katarina Baralić, Marijana Ćurčić, Danijela Đukić-Ćosić, Zorica Bulat, Dragana Javorac, Aleksandra Buha Đorđević, Jelena Kotur-Stevuljević, Emina Sudar-Milovanović, Evica Antonijević Miljaković, Miloš Beloica, and Zoran Mandinić, published by Sciendo. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi djelovanje 150 mg/L natrijevog fluorida (NaF) na redoks-status i koncentracije esencijalnih elemenata [bakar (Cu), željezo (Fe) i cink (Zn)] u krvi, jetri, bubrezima, mozgu i slezeni Wistar štakora te mogući zaštitni učinak selena (Se) od toksičnosti prouzročene fluoridom (F-). Mužjaci Wistar štakora nasumično su razvrstani u četiri skupine (n=5), nakon čega su 28 dana konzumirali običnu vodu ili vodu s otopinom NaF 150 mg/L, NaF 150 mg/L + Se 1,5 mg/L ili Se 1,5 mg/L. Izloženost fluoridu dovela je do poremećaja redoks-parametara i koncentracija istraživanih biometala. Utvrđene su povišene razine superoksid aniona (O2.-) i malondialdehida (MDA) u krvi i mozgu, smanjena aktivnost superoksid dismutaze (SOD1) u jetri te njezin porast u mozgu i bubrezima. Nadomjesni Se u kombinaciji s NaF pozitivno je utjecao na razine MDA, SOD1 i O2.- u krvi, mozgu i bubrezima, a sâm Se smanjio je razine SH skupina u jetri i bubrezima. Izloženost fluoridu uzrokovala je sniženje, ali i porast koncentracija biometala. Nužna su dodatna istraživanja kako bi se ispitali antioksidacijski učinci Se na toksičnost izazvanu F-.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi djelovanje 150 mg/L natrijevog fluorida (NaF) na redoks-status i koncentracije esencijalnih elemenata [bakar (Cu), željezo (Fe) i cink (Zn)] u krvi, jetri, bubrezima, mozgu i slezeni Wistar štakora te mogući zaštitni učinak selena (Se) od toksičnosti prouzročene fluoridom (F-). Mužjaci Wistar štakora nasumično su razvrstani u četiri skupine (n=5), nakon čega su 28 dana konzumirali običnu vodu ili vodu s otopinom NaF 150 mg/L, NaF 150 mg/L + Se 1,5 mg/L ili Se 1,5 mg/L. Izloženost fluoridu dovela je do poremećaja redoks-parametara i koncentracija istraživanih biometala. Utvrđene su povišene razine superoksid aniona (O2.-) i malondialdehida (MDA) u krvi i mozgu, smanjena aktivnost superoksid dismutaze (SOD1) u jetri te njezin porast u mozgu i bubrezima. Nadomjesni Se u kombinaciji s NaF pozitivno je utjecao na razine MDA, SOD1 i O2.- u krvi, mozgu i bubrezima, a sâm Se smanjio je razine SH skupina u jetri i bubrezima. Izloženost fluoridu uzrokovala je sniženje, ali i porast koncentracija biometala. Nužna su dodatna istraživanja kako bi se ispitali antioksidacijski učinci Se na toksičnost izazvanu F-

Deposol Reclamation along a Canal of the Danube-Tisza-Danube Hydro System

After the excavation of the canals of the main canal network (MCN) of the Danube-Tisza-Danube (DTD) hydro system, specific technological schemes were used to form deposited materials. In 1958 an experiment with forest plantings was set up on the deposols of the Odzaci-Sombor Canal. Its purpose was the protection and reclamation of the newly-formed dikes. The main aim of this paper is to point to the speed of the process of reclamation and changes in soil properties in the course of a 54-year-long experiment, on the basis of a years-long study of the experimental area

Modelling study of soil C, N and pH response to air pollution and climate change using European LTER site observations

Current climate warming is expected to continue in coming decades, whereas high N deposition may stabilize, in contrast to the clear decrease in S deposition. These pressures have distinctive regional patterns and their resulting impact on soil conditions is modified by local site characteristics. We have applied the VSD+ soil dynamic model to study impacts of deposition and climate change on soil properties, using MetHyd and GrowUp as pre-processors to provide input to VSD+. The single-layer soil model VSD+ accounts for processes of organic C and N turnover, as well as charge and mass balances of elements, cation exchange and base cation weathering. We calibrated VSD+ at 26 ecosystem study sites throughout Europe using observed conditions, and simulated key soil properties: soil solution pH (pH), soil base saturation (BS) and soil organic carbon and nitrogen ratio (C:N) under projected deposition of N and S, and climate warming until 2100. The sites are forested, located in the Mediterranean, forested alpine, Atlantic, continental and boreal regions. They represent the long-term ecological research (LTER) Europe network, including sites of the ICP Forests and ICP Integrated Monitoring (IM) programmes under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP), providing high quality long-term data on ecosystem response. Simulated future soil conditions improved under projected decrease in deposition and current climate conditions: higher pH, BS and C:N at 21, 16 and 12 of the sites, respectively. When climate change was included in the scenario analysis, the variability of the results increased. Climate warming resulted in higher simulated pH in most cases, and higher BS and C:N in roughly half of the cases. Especially the increase in C:N was more marked with climate warming. The study illustrates the value of LTER sites for applying models to predict soil responses to multiple environmental changes

Currently legislated decreases in nitrogen deposition will yield only limited plant species recovery in European forests

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) pollution is considered responsible for a substantial decline in plant species richness and for altered community structures in terrestrial habitats worldwide. Nitrogen affects habitats through direct toxicity, soil acidification, and in particular by favoring fast-growing species. Pressure from N pollution is decreasing in some areas. In Europe (EU28), overall emissions of NO x declined by more than 50% while NH3 declined by less than 30% between the years 1990 and 2015, and further decreases may be achieved. The timescale over which these improvements will affect ecosystems is uncertain. Here we use 23 European forest research sites with high quality long-term data on deposition, climate, soil recovery, and understory vegetation to assess benefits of currently legislated N deposition reductions in forest understory vegetation. A dynamic soil model coupled to a statistical plant species niche model was applied with site-based climate and deposition. We use indicators of N deposition and climate warming effects such as the change in the occurrence of oligophilic, acidophilic, and cold-tolerant plant species to compare the present with projections for 2030 and 2050. The decrease in N deposition under current legislation emission (CLE) reduction targets until 2030 is not expected to result in a release from eutrophication. Albeit the model predictions show considerable uncertainty when compared with observations, they indicate that oligophilic forest understory plant species will further decrease. This result is partially due to confounding processes related to climate effects and to major decreases in sulphur deposition and consequent recovery from soil acidification, but shows that decreases in N deposition under CLE will most likely be insufficient to allow recovery from eutrophication

Acidification process as a factor of soil degradation in eastern Serbia.

Ацидификацијa јe процeс смањeња pH врeдности зeмљишта и рeзултат јe бројних биогeохeмијских процeса. У влажним и умереним климатским зонама, ацидификација је природан процес условљен хемизмом минералне фазе земљишта, типом вегетације и климoм. У природним условима овај процeс јe дуготрајан и део је процеса развоја земљишта, због чега се не може посматрати као процес деградације. Дејством антропогеног фактора, прeкомeрним eмисијама сумпора и азота, неадекватним системима управљања, променом начина коришћења земљишта, као и глобалних климатских промена, процeс ацидификацијe можe бити знатно убрзан и интeнзивиран. У овом контeксту ацидифкација зeмљишта прeдставља облик хeмијскe дeградацијe зeмљишта. Ацидифкација земљишта, изазвана депозицијама сумпора и азота, због негативних ефеката на виталност природних екосистема и биодиверитет последњих 70 година, је достигла статус еколошког проблема глобалних размера. На подручју источнe Србијe у шумским и eкосистeмима високо-планинских пашњака, ацидификација земљишта доводи до смањeња квалитeта зeмљишта као рeсурса и природног добра. Наглe промeнe хeмизма зeмљишта изазванe кисeлим дeпозицијама дирeктно и индирeктно утичу на дeструкцију природних станишта, што води до трајног губитка eколошких и социо-eкономских функција eкосистeма. У оквиру овог рада дефинисани су трендови депозиција сумпора и азота као и њихова веза са осетљивошћу земљишта на процес ацидификације и издвојене су актуелне и потенцијалне зоне ризика деградације земљишта. Процeна стeпeна осeтљивости зeмљишта шумских и високо-планинских пашњачких eкосистeма прeма процeсу ацидификацијe, извршeна јe мeтодом за прорачун критичних оптeрeћeња примeном VSD модeла. Критична оптeрeћeња и прeкорачeња загађујућих матeрија у ваздуху прeдстављају јeдан од главних индикатора осeтљивости шумских и других тeрeстричних eкосистeма и прeдстављају основу за одрживо управљањe eкосистeмима као основних принципа мeђународног eколошког права и националнe политикe...Acidification is a process of decreasing soil pH value over time as a result of numerous biogeochemical processes. In humid and temperate climatic zones, acidification is a natural process caused by soil mineral phase, vegetation type and climate. Under natural conditions, this is a long term process of soil development which can not be seen as a process of land degradation.The influence of anthropogenic factors, excessive emissions of sulphur and nitrogen, inadequate ecosystem management, land use changes, as well as global climate change, acidification process can be significantly accelerated and intensified. In this context, soil acidification is a form of soil chemical degradation. Acidification induced by deposition of sulphur and nitrogen, due to the negative effects on natural ecosystems and biodiversity loss in the past 70 years, has become a global environmental problem. In forest and highland grasslands of Eastern Serbia soil acidification leads to a reduction/loss of soil quality, as resource and natural good. Rapid change of soil chemistry caused by acidic deposition directly and indirectly leads to destruction of natural habitats, and disturbance of environmental and socioeconomic functions of ecosystems. In this paper were defined trends of sulphur and nitrogen deposition, their relationship with the soil sensitivity to acidification as well as current and potential soil degradation risk areas. Assessment of soil sensitivity to acidification of forest and high mountain grasslands, were performed by using critical load concept and VSD model. Critical loads and exceedances of air pollutants are one of the main indicators of forest and terrestrial ecosystem sensitivity to acidification. The critical load concept can be considered as a tool for integrated monitoring of air pollution effects on ecosystems and fundamental principle of international environmental law and national clean air policy. Different ecosystem vulnerability zones to air pollutants were performed and based on soil sensitivity and concentrations of sulphur and nitrogen deposition for the period 1980-2009. The interdependence of soil properties and factors with the greatest impact on soil acidification were singled out by applying the method of simple and multiple regression, as well as factor analysis..

In vitro-in vivo-in silico approach in biopharmaceutical characterization of ibuprofen IR and SR tablets

Within the last decades, physiologically based pharmacokinetic models have emerged into a biopharmaceutical toolkit that has been proven useful in understanding how physicochemical, formulation and physiological factors affect oral drug absorption. The purpose of this study was to develop a drug specific physiologically based pharmacokinetic model that will allow mechanistic interpretation of oral absorption from dosage forms exhibiting different in vitro and different in vivo performance (i.e. immediate release and sustained release tablets) and identification of bioperformance dissolution testing. Ibuprofen was chosen to be used for the "proof of concept" considering it is well characterised and the necessary physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties for model development could be found in the literature. Gastrointestinal simulation technology implemented in Simcyp (R) was successful in estimating ibuprofen oral absorption. The developed model exhibited good generalisation ability for the dosage forms studied. The obtained results indicate that the model was sensitive to input kinetics represented by the in vitro drug release profiles obtained under various dissolution conditions. According to the obtained results, reciprocating cylinder apparatus with biorepresentative change in media pH might be considered as bioperformance dissolution in the case of the two ibuprofen SR products studied. These results further justify the use of integrated in vitro-in vivo-in silico approach in estimating bioperformance of oral solid dosage forms