32 research outputs found

    Contratos de concessões de rodovias federais : análise dos pedidos de revisões extraordinárias com vistas ao reequilíbrio econômico-financeiro

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    Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Contabilidade e Gestão de Políticas Públicas, Departamento de Economia, 2021.Esta dissertação teve como principal objetivo a compreensão dos motivos que geraram solicitações de reequilíbrio econômico-financeiro por meio de revisões extraordinárias dos contratos de concessão de rodovias federais, celebrados pelo Governo Federal, no âmbito do Programa de Concessões de Rodovias Federais, durante o período compreendido de 2013 até 2019, com a finalidade de identificar os motivos que acionaram os pedidos de revisões, e se estes estão enquadrados ou não na matriz de riscos do contrato, assim como, analisar se houve ou não viés oportunista nestes motivos. Para tanto, realizou-se levantamento e leitura dos arquivos dos contratos de concessões de rodovias federais, bem como das notas técnicas elaboradas pelas áreas técnicas da Agência Nacional de Transportes Terrestres - ANTT, para o citado período, além de entrevistas com os técnicos da Agência ligados aos processos de concessões. Os resultados da pesquisa proposta apontam que 75 motivos foram utilizados pelas concessionárias para acionarem o instrumento de reequilíbrio econômico-financeiro do contrato, o que gerou 150 pleitos de análise, sendo que apenas 76 (51%) dos pleitos foram deferidos, 59 (39%) foram indeferidos e 15 (10%) estão pendentes. Dos indeferidos, 46 (78%) pleitos foram identificados como de comportamento oportunista por parte das concessionárias, mas que a Agência os tratou com o rigor das cláusulas da alocação de riscos, previstas no contrato, impedindo o seu êxito.This dissertation had as main objective the understanding of the reasons that generated requests for an economic-financial rebalancing through extraordinary reviews of federal highway concession contracts, entered into by the Federal Government, within the scope of the Federal Highway Concessions Program, during the period included from 2013 to 2019, in order to identify the reasons that triggered the requests for revisions, and whether or not they fall within the contract's risk matrix, as well as to analyze whether or not there was an opportunistic bias in these reasons. For this, a survey and reading of the files of federal highway concession contracts was carried out, as well as of the technical notes prepared by the technical areas of the National Land Transport Agency - ANTT, for the aforementioned period, in addition to interviews with the technicians for the Agency related to the concession processes. The results of the proposed research indicate that 75 reasons were used by the concessionaires to activate the instrument of economic-financial rebalancing of the contract, which generated 150 analysis requests, with only 76 (51%) of the claims being granted, 59 (39% ) were rejected and 15 (10%) are pending. Of the rejections, 46 (78%) claims were identified as opportunistic behavior by the concessionaires, but that the Agency treated them with the rigor of the risk allocation clauses, provided for in the contract, preventing their success

    Accesibilidad universal en las ciudades del siglo XXI

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    El presente trabajo comunica la experiencia docente de haber incorporado la temática Accesibilidad Universal (AU) a los contenidos curriculares del Taller Introductorio del ciclo básico común de las tres carreras (Arquitectura, Lic. en Diseño de la Comunicación Visual y Lic. en Diseño Industrial) de la FADU, UNL, Santa Fe. Mediante el desarrollo teórico y práctico se introduce este concepto, ligado al de inclusión social. Reforzando contenidos que solamente son abordados por una Cátedra Optativa. La accesibilidad universal es la condición del medio, que permite a las personas gozar plenamente de sus derechos y libertades con la máxima autonomía posible. Abarcando en forma integral a toda la sociedad. La AU supone que no hay personas con dis-capacidad, son los entornos no accesibles los que incapacitan a las personas. Por ello, la ONU, viene trabajando desde hace décadas, por los derechos de las personas con discapacidad para que la AU sea un proyecto compartido por personas, organizaciones públicas y privadas. En nuestro país se refleja en la sanción de la Ley Nacional N°:24.314; en la provincia de Santa Fe, Ley Provincial N°:9.325 (Art. 20); En el municipio de Santa Fe, Ordenanza N°:11.939. La experiencia innovadora en la docencia se llevó a cabo mediante dos desarrollos: uno teórico, por el cual se trabaja el concepto de la AU en relación con el de ‘inclusión social’; y uno práctico, por el cual los estudiantes llevaron a cabo un relevamiento urbano a fin de dimensionar el impacto de la tecnología en la construcción del ambiente habitado, reconociendo desde una perspectiva crítica diversos factores que hacen a la AU (trazado vial, transporte, construcciones, redes de servicio, equipamiento urbano, contaminación ambiental, barreras y accesibilidad, aspectos que hacen a la calidad de vida en la ciudad). Si bien sólo se alcanza una respuesta integral al problema del hábitat para una ciudad accesible a través de un trabajo interdisciplinario en el que converjan coordinaciones de las áreas de salud, arquitectura y urbanismo (y en sincronía con la legislación vigente y políticas públicas afines), desde la docencia universitaria se pretende sumar al trabajo transversal de instituciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales generando masa crítica al abordar la problemática de barreras urbanas y edilicias desde una disciplina proyectual. señalando las prestaciones y faltantes del equipamiento urbano y los servicios, pensando Santa Fe, como una ciudad más accesible.Área Docencia - Eje 4 Hábitat e infraestructuraFacultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

    Accesibilidad universal en las ciudades del siglo XXI

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    El presente trabajo comunica la experiencia docente de haber incorporado la temática Accesibilidad Universal (AU) a los contenidos curriculares del Taller Introductorio del ciclo básico común de las tres carreras (Arquitectura, Lic. en Diseño de la Comunicación Visual y Lic. en Diseño Industrial) de la FADU, UNL, Santa Fe. Mediante el desarrollo teórico y práctico se introduce este concepto, ligado al de inclusión social. Reforzando contenidos que solamente son abordados por una Cátedra Optativa. La accesibilidad universal es la condición del medio, que permite a las personas gozar plenamente de sus derechos y libertades con la máxima autonomía posible. Abarcando en forma integral a toda la sociedad. La AU supone que no hay personas con dis-capacidad, son los entornos no accesibles los que incapacitan a las personas. Por ello, la ONU, viene trabajando desde hace décadas, por los derechos de las personas con discapacidad para que la AU sea un proyecto compartido por personas, organizaciones públicas y privadas. En nuestro país se refleja en la sanción de la Ley Nacional N°:24.314; en la provincia de Santa Fe, Ley Provincial N°:9.325 (Art. 20); En el municipio de Santa Fe, Ordenanza N°:11.939. La experiencia innovadora en la docencia se llevó a cabo mediante dos desarrollos: uno teórico, por el cual se trabaja el concepto de la AU en relación con el de ‘inclusión social’; y uno práctico, por el cual los estudiantes llevaron a cabo un relevamiento urbano a fin de dimensionar el impacto de la tecnología en la construcción del ambiente habitado, reconociendo desde una perspectiva crítica diversos factores que hacen a la AU (trazado vial, transporte, construcciones, redes de servicio, equipamiento urbano, contaminación ambiental, barreras y accesibilidad, aspectos que hacen a la calidad de vida en la ciudad). Si bien sólo se alcanza una respuesta integral al problema del hábitat para una ciudad accesible a través de un trabajo interdisciplinario en el que converjan coordinaciones de las áreas de salud, arquitectura y urbanismo (y en sincronía con la legislación vigente y políticas públicas afines), desde la docencia universitaria se pretende sumar al trabajo transversal de instituciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales generando masa crítica al abordar la problemática de barreras urbanas y edilicias desde una disciplina proyectual. señalando las prestaciones y faltantes del equipamiento urbano y los servicios, pensando Santa Fe, como una ciudad más accesible.Área Docencia - Eje 4 Hábitat e infraestructuraFacultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

    Accesibilidad universal en las ciudades del siglo XXI

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    El presente trabajo comunica la experiencia docente de haber incorporado la temática Accesibilidad Universal (AU) a los contenidos curriculares del Taller Introductorio del ciclo básico común de las tres carreras (Arquitectura, Lic. en Diseño de la Comunicación Visual y Lic. en Diseño Industrial) de la FADU, UNL, Santa Fe. Mediante el desarrollo teórico y práctico se introduce este concepto, ligado al de inclusión social. Reforzando contenidos que solamente son abordados por una Cátedra Optativa. La accesibilidad universal es la condición del medio, que permite a las personas gozar plenamente de sus derechos y libertades con la máxima autonomía posible. Abarcando en forma integral a toda la sociedad. La AU supone que no hay personas con dis-capacidad, son los entornos no accesibles los que incapacitan a las personas. Por ello, la ONU, viene trabajando desde hace décadas, por los derechos de las personas con discapacidad para que la AU sea un proyecto compartido por personas, organizaciones públicas y privadas. En nuestro país se refleja en la sanción de la Ley Nacional N°:24.314; en la provincia de Santa Fe, Ley Provincial N°:9.325 (Art. 20); En el municipio de Santa Fe, Ordenanza N°:11.939. La experiencia innovadora en la docencia se llevó a cabo mediante dos desarrollos: uno teórico, por el cual se trabaja el concepto de la AU en relación con el de ‘inclusión social’; y uno práctico, por el cual los estudiantes llevaron a cabo un relevamiento urbano a fin de dimensionar el impacto de la tecnología en la construcción del ambiente habitado, reconociendo desde una perspectiva crítica diversos factores que hacen a la AU (trazado vial, transporte, construcciones, redes de servicio, equipamiento urbano, contaminación ambiental, barreras y accesibilidad, aspectos que hacen a la calidad de vida en la ciudad). Si bien sólo se alcanza una respuesta integral al problema del hábitat para una ciudad accesible a través de un trabajo interdisciplinario en el que converjan coordinaciones de las áreas de salud, arquitectura y urbanismo (y en sincronía con la legislación vigente y políticas públicas afines), desde la docencia universitaria se pretende sumar al trabajo transversal de instituciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales generando masa crítica al abordar la problemática de barreras urbanas y edilicias desde una disciplina proyectual. señalando las prestaciones y faltantes del equipamiento urbano y los servicios, pensando Santa Fe, como una ciudad más accesible.Área Docencia - Eje 4 Hábitat e infraestructuraFacultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

    Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

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    Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

    Immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome : Secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE database

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    The aim of this study was to describe data on epidemiology, ventilatory management, and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in immunocompromised patients. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis on the cohort of immunocompromised patients enrolled in the Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG SAFE) study. The LUNG SAFE study was an international, prospective study including hypoxemic patients in 459 ICUs from 50 countries across 5 continents. Results: Of 2813 patients with ARDS, 584 (20.8%) were immunocompromised, 38.9% of whom had an unspecified cause. Pneumonia, nonpulmonary sepsis, and noncardiogenic shock were their most common risk factors for ARDS. Hospital mortality was higher in immunocompromised than in immunocompetent patients (52.4% vs 36.2%; p < 0.0001), despite similar severity of ARDS. Decisions regarding limiting life-sustaining measures were significantly more frequent in immunocompromised patients (27.1% vs 18.6%; p < 0.0001). Use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) as first-line treatment was higher in immunocompromised patients (20.9% vs 15.9%; p = 0.0048), and immunodeficiency remained independently associated with the use of NIV after adjustment for confounders. Forty-eight percent of the patients treated with NIV were intubated, and their mortality was not different from that of the patients invasively ventilated ab initio. Conclusions: Immunosuppression is frequent in patients with ARDS, and infections are the main risk factors for ARDS in these immunocompromised patients. Their management differs from that of immunocompetent patients, particularly the greater use of NIV as first-line ventilation strategy. Compared with immunocompetent subjects, they have higher mortality regardless of ARDS severity as well as a higher frequency of limitation of life-sustaining measures. Nonetheless, nearly half of these patients survive to hospital discharge. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073. Registered on 12 December 2013

    Immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: Secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE database

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    Background: The aim of this study was to describe data on epidemiology, ventilatory management, and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in immunocompromised patients. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis on the cohort of immunocompromised patients enrolled in the Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG SAFE) study. The LUNG SAFE study was an international, prospective study including hypoxemic patients in 459 ICUs from 50 countries across 5 continents. Results: Of 2813 patients with ARDS, 584 (20.8%) were immunocompromised, 38.9% of whom had an unspecified cause. Pneumonia, nonpulmonary sepsis, and noncardiogenic shock were their most common risk factors for ARDS. Hospital mortality was higher in immunocompromised than in immunocompetent patients (52.4% vs 36.2%; p &lt; 0.0001), despite similar severity of ARDS. Decisions regarding limiting life-sustaining measures were significantly more frequent in immunocompromised patients (27.1% vs 18.6%; p &lt; 0.0001). Use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) as first-line treatment was higher in immunocompromised patients (20.9% vs 15.9%; p = 0.0048), and immunodeficiency remained independently associated with the use of NIV after adjustment for confounders. Forty-eight percent of the patients treated with NIV were intubated, and their mortality was not different from that of the patients invasively ventilated ab initio. Conclusions: Immunosuppression is frequent in patients with ARDS, and infections are the main risk factors for ARDS in these immunocompromised patients. Their management differs from that of immunocompetent patients, particularly the greater use of NIV as first-line ventilation strategy. Compared with immunocompetent subjects, they have higher mortality regardless of ARDS severity as well as a higher frequency of limitation of life-sustaining measures. Nonetheless, nearly half of these patients survive to hospital discharge. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073. Registered on 12 December 2013

    Large-Scale Spatial Distribution Patterns of Echinoderms in Nearshore Rocky Habitats

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    This study examined echinoderm assemblages from nearshore rocky habitats for large-scale distribution patterns with specific emphasis on identifying latitudinal trends and large regional hotspots. Echinoderms were sampled from 76 globally-distributed sites within 12 ecoregions, following the standardized sampling protocol of the Census of Marine Life NaGISA project (www.nagisa.coml.org). Sample-based species richness was overall low (<1–5 species per site), with a total of 32 asteroid, 18 echinoid, 21 ophiuroid, and 15 holothuroid species. Abundance and species richness in intertidal assemblages sampled with visual methods (organisms >2 cm in 1 m(2) quadrats) was highest in the Caribbean ecoregions and echinoids dominated these assemblages with an average of 5 ind m(−2). In contrast, intertidal echinoderm assemblages collected from clearings of 0.0625 m(2) quadrats had the highest abundance and richness in the Northeast Pacific ecoregions where asteroids and holothurians dominated with an average of 14 ind 0.0625 m(−2). Distinct latitudinal trends existed for abundance and richness in intertidal assemblages with declines from peaks at high northern latitudes. No latitudinal trends were found for subtidal echinoderm assemblages with either sampling technique. Latitudinal gradients appear to be superseded by regional diversity hotspots. In these hotspots echinoderm assemblages may be driven by local and regional processes, such as overall productivity and evolutionary history. We also tested a set of 14 environmental variables (six natural and eight anthropogenic) as potential drivers of echinoderm assemblages by ecoregions. The natural variables of salinity, sea-surface temperature, chlorophyll a, and primary productivity were strongly correlated with echinoderm assemblages; the anthropogenic variables of inorganic pollution and nutrient contamination also contributed to correlations. Our results indicate that nearshore echinoderm assemblages appear to be shaped by a network of environmental and ecological processes, and by the differing responses of various echinoderm taxa, making generalizations about the patterns of nearshore rocky habitat echinoderm assemblages difficult
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