Sexual harassment in students of the Faculty of Medicine,University of Chile: A cross- sectional observational study

El acoso sexual en el contexto educativo es un tipo de violencia sexual. En laUniversidad de Chile se ha abordado a través del “Protocolo de actuación ante denuncias sobreacoso sexual, acoso laboral y discriminación arbitraria” que ha buscado erradicar el acoso sexual yreducir la violencia de género en la Universidad de Chile a partir de un programa que permitaprevenir estas conductas y atender a personas afectadas. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de laautopercepción de acoso sexual en algún momento de su trayectoria universitaria en estudiantesde la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile y describir el conocimiento y la utilizacióndel protocolo vigente en dicha institución. Método: Estudio transversal de prevalencia realizadodurante los años 2021-2022, el total de participantes fue de 550 estudiantes, seleccionados/asmediante un muestreo por conveniencia por estratos de las carreras. La encuesta consideró 3ítems: caracterización personal, prevalencia de acoso sexual, protocolo de actuación de la facultad.Los datos se recolectaron por medio de una encuesta online. Resultados: La prevalenciade acososexual en estudiantes en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile fue de un 14% de los cuales la mayoría son mujeres acosadas por estudiantes hombres. Si bien un 43,09% de los y las encuestados/as declara conocer el protocolo de actuación vigente, solo un 1,09% de estos refiere tener mucho conocimiento acerca del funcionamiento. Conclusión: Con los resultados obtenidos en este estudio sale a la luz la importancia de abordar esta problemática, ya que un entorno inseguro de estudios puede traer consecuencias negativas en el proceso de formación profesional y por consiguiente en la vida laboralSexual harassment within an academic context is a type of sexual violence. It has beenapproached by the University of Chile by implementing a protocol of action for sexualharassment, workplace harassment, and arbitrary discrimination. Its objective is to eradicatesexual harassment and reduce gender-based violence in the University of Chile through aprogram designed to prevent these issues and attend to the people affected by these. Objective: Todetermine the prevalence of sexual harassment at some point in their university among studentsfrom the faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile, and describe their knowledge and use ofthe current protocol present in the institution. Methods: A cross –sectional prevalence studyimplemented between 2021 and 2022, consisted of a total of 550 students selected through a convenience sampling by programs. The questionnaire considered 3 items: personalcharacterization, prevalence of harassment, and the faculty’s protocol of action. The data wascollected through an online survey. Results: The prevalence of sexual harassment among studentsof the faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile corresponds to a total of 14%, with a majorityof women being harassed by male students. Although 43,09% of the subjects reported knowing thecurrent protocol of action, only 1,09% declared having vast knowledge about it. Conclusion: Theresults obtained in this study show the importance of effectively approaching these issues, sincethey could lead to a negative impact on people’s academic life and their subsequent workingenvironment

Acoso sexual en estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile: Un estudio observacional transversal

Sexual harassment within an academic context is a type of sexual violence. It has been approached by the University of Chile by implementing a protocol of action for sexual harassment, workplace harassment, and arbitrary discrimination. Its objective is to eradicate sexual harassment and reduce gender-based violence in the University of Chile through a program designed to prevent these issues and attend to the people affected by these. Objective: To determine the prevalence of sexual harassment at some point in their university among students from the faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile, and describe their knowledge and use of the current protocol present in the institution. Methods: A cross –sectional prevalence study implemented between 2021 and 2022, consisted of a total of 550 students selected through a convenience sampling by programs. The questionnaire considered 3 items: personal characterization, prevalence of harassment, and the faculty’s protocol of action. The data was collected through an online survey. Results: The prevalence of sexual harassment among students of the faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile corresponds to a total of 13,64%, with a majority of women being harassed by male students. Although 43,09% of the subjects reported knowing the current protocol of action, only 1,09% declared having vast knowledge about it. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study show the importance of effectively approaching these issues, since they could lead to a negative impact on people’s academic life and their subsequent working environment.El acoso sexual en el contexto educativo es un tipo de violencia sexual. En la Universidad de Chile se ha abordado a través del “Protocolo de actuación ante denuncias sobre acoso sexual, acoso laboral y discriminación arbitraria” que ha buscado erradicar el acoso sexual y reducir la violencia de género en la Universidad de Chile a partir de un programa que permita prevenir estas conductas y atender a personas afectadas. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la autopercepción de acoso sexual en algún momento de su trayectoria universitaria en estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile y describir el conocimiento y la utilización del protocolo vigente en dicha institución. Método: Estudio transversal de prevalencia realizado durante los años 2021-2022, el total de participantes fue de 550 estudiantes, seleccionados/as mediante un muestreo por conveniencia por estratos de las carreras. La encuesta consideró 3 ítems: caracterización personal, prevalencia de acoso sexual, protocolo de actuación de la facultad. Los datos se recolectaron por medio de una encuesta online. Resultados: La prevalencia de acoso sexual en estudiantes en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile fue de un 14% de los cuales la mayoría son mujeres acosadas por estudiantes hombres. Si bien un 43,09% de los y las encuestados/as declara conocer el protocolo de actuación vigente, solo un 1,09% de estos refiere tener mucho conocimiento acerca del funcionamiento. Conclusión: Con los resultados obtenidos en este estudio sale a la luz la importancia de abordar esta problemática, ya que un entorno inseguro de estudios puede traer consecuencias negativas en el proceso de formación profesional y por consiguiente en la vida laboral

Testing Attrition Bias in Field Experiments

We approach attrition in feld experiments with baseline data as an identifcation problem in a panel model. A systematic review of the literature indicates that there is no consensus on how to test for attrition bias. We establish identifying assumptions for treatment effects for both the respondent subpopulation and the study population. We propose randomization and regression-based procedures to test their sharp implications. We then relate our proposed tests to current empirical practice, and demonstrate that the most commonly used test can over-reject internal validity. Simulations and applications further support the relevance of our analysis

Gestión administrativa y desempeño laboral en la Municipalidad Provincial de Pacasmayo en el año 2020

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal Establecer la relación entre la gestión administrativa y desempeño laboral en la Municipalidad Provincial de Pacasmayo en el año 2020. Con un enfoque cuantitativo con tipo de investigación no experimental, con diseño correlacional, con una población de 324 trabajadores de la Municipalidad Provincial de Pacasmayo, con una muestra de 114 trabajadores, como técnica se utilizó la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario para las variables en mención, los cuales han sido validados por juicio de expertos, con un coeficiente de confiabilidad de ,978 y ,979 respectivamente. Los resultados precisan que el coeficiente de Pearson es 0.837, lo que indica que, en el caso de correlación entre gestión administrativa y desempeño laboral, existe una correlación positiva, alta entre las variables y significativa. De acuerdo a ello se concluye que la gestión administrativa influencia al desempeño laboral, por lo cual, si existe una muy buena gestión, tendremos un excelente desempeño por parte de los trabajadores

Un acercamiento a la música de arrullos y currulaos desde el saxofón

En este trabajo presento un material compositivo a partir de una reflexión pedagógica y musical sobre algunos ritmos del Pacífico Sur colombiano entendidos desde el saxofón.In this work I present a compositional material based on a pedagogical and musical reflection on some rhythms of the Colombian South Pacific, understood from the saxophone.Maestro (a) en MúsicaPregrad

Effect of prenatal stress and forced swimming acute stress on adult rat's skeletal muscle and liver MDA levels

The study of stress physiological consequences has gained importance since last five decades. Accordingly, prenatal stress is a contributing factor on mammal gestation, causing adaptive disturbances during offspring adult life. The aim of this study was to analyze the physiological effects of prenatal stress rats on some skeletal muscle and liver parameters after forced swimming (FS) exposition. Pregnant Wistar rats were stressed by immobilization (IMO) during the two last week of pregnancy and male offspring raised in bioterium standard conditions until 90 days old. Corticosterone (COR), glycemia and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were studied in all experimental group: Control animals, forced swimming stressed rats and prenatal stressed animals rats with and without FS stress. The results show that in basal conditions COR and glycemia levels were increased in prenatal stressed animals. After an acute exposition to FS, COR significantly increased in prenatal stress and control groups (without prenatal stress). Glycemia levels had similar values in all experimental conditions; however, hepatic MDA levels showed a significant increase in prenatal stressed rats and the effect was maintained in FS animals. MDA values analyzed in grooved muscle were higher in prenatal stressed groups, but after FS acute stress, MDA levels increased in control animals too. In conclusion, IMO prenatal stress causes a change in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), reflected in high basal levels of plasmatic COR and hyperglycemia. Moreover, it causes a hyper sensibility to acute stressors caused in post birth life. Also, prenatal stress produces oxidative stress in liver cells while FS stimulates this process in grooved voluntary muscle.Fil: Sosa, Emiliano. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud; ArgentinaFil: Liaudat, Ana Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología Molecular; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud; ArgentinaFil: Becerra, Karen. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud; ArgentinaFil: Huck, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Nancy. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud; Argentin

The impact of HIV-associated lipodystrophy on healthcare utilization and costs

BackgroundHIV disease itself is associated with increased healthcare utilization and healthcare expenditures. HIV-infected persons with lipodystrophy have been shown to have poor self-perceptions of health. We evaluated whether lipodystrophy in the HIV-infected population was associated with increased utilization of healthcare services and increased healthcare costs.ObjectiveTo examine utilization of healthcare services and associated costs with respect to presence of lipodystrophy among HIV-infected patients.MethodsHealthcare utilization and cost of healthcare services were collected from computerized accounting records for participants in a body image study among HIV-infected patients treated at a tertiary care medical center. Lipodystrophy was assessed by physical examination, and effects of lipodystrophy were assessed via body image surveys. Demographic and clinical characteristics were also ascertained. Analysis of healthcare utilization and cost outcomes was performed via between-group analyses. Multivariate modeling was used to determine predictors of healthcare utilization and associated costs.ResultsOf the 181 HIV-infected participants evaluated in the study, 92 (51%) had clinical evidence of HIV-associated lipodystrophy according to physician examination. Total healthcare utilization, as measured by the number of medical center visits over the study period, was notably increased among HIV-infected subjects with lipodystrophy as compared to HIV-infected subjects without lipodystrophy. Similarly, total healthcare expenditures over the study period were $1,718 more for HIV-infected subjects with lipodystrophy than for HIV-infected subjects without lipodystrophy. Multivariate modeling demonstrated strong associations between healthcare utilization and associated costs, and lipodystrophy score as assessed by a clinician. Healthcare utilization and associated costs were not related to body image survey scores among HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy.ConclusionPatients with HIV-associated lipodystrophy demonstrate an increased utilization of healthcare services with associated increased healthcare costs as compared to HIV-infected patients without lipodystrophy. The economic and healthcare service burdens of HIV-associated lipodystrophy are significant and yet remain inadequately addressed by the medical community

Acciones de respuesta ante el Covid-19 en Brasil y Colombia: ¿Ayuda para quién?

This article analyses the economic measures that have been implemented as a response to the COVID-19 crisis. Latin America and the Caribbean have been hit particularly hard, with an expected contraction of 9.3 percent this year—its largest recession on record. The policy response in the region has been different in every country, however, the monetary and fiscal measures are a priority. In this scenario, this document explores the measures implemented by Colombia and Brazil, in order to identify Which actors/sector have been the most benefited?Este trabajo de investigación se centra en el análisis de las medidas económicas implementadas ante la actual crisis ocasionada por la pandemia por la enfermedad de la COVID-19. Concretamente en los casos de Colombia y Brasil quienes han sido los países latinoamericanos que más medidas económicas implementaron en el primer semestre del 2020.  En este artículo se explorarán las diferencias, semejanzas y los resultados que han tenido estas medidas, con el objetivo de analizar y discutir la orientación de las medidas económicas y de identificar ¿Qué actores/sectores se han visto beneficiados en mayor medida con la implementación de las acciones económicas?. Si bien la posición de los gobiernos de Brasil y Colombia difiere frente a la forma de afrontar la pandemia por la enfermedad de la Covid-19, en ambos casos se ha identificado que las ayudas o han estado dirigidas a los grandes gremios o sistemáticamente están dirigidas al beneficio de un grupo minoritario, priorizando el empresariado tradicional y evidenciando que aún en esta coyuntura, las prácticas de corrupción y el aumento de la desigualdad siguen manifestándose

Confronting Systemic Racism in Occupational Therapy: A Mixed Methods Study

This study aimed to examine how occupational therapists and students perceive systemic racism in occupational therapy practice and the effectiveness and impact of the delivery of a keynote address on confronting systemic racism in practice delivered to occupational therapists and students. The study aimed to help inform future efforts in creating a more diverse and inclusive profession at the practice, policy, and education level by providing input into the challenges and opportunities that occupational therapists and students face when reckoning with issues of racism in practice. A mixed methodology research design was used with Likert-style scale and open-ended questions delivered via online survey. Eighty-nine occupational therapists and students completed the online survey. Most of the respondents reported responding favorably to the keynote address and shared sentiment that it could be a difficult and uncomfortable topic, yet it was important to discuss because of its impact on the profession and the clients occupational therapists serve

Body image in women with HIV: a cross-sectional evaluation

BACKGROUND: HIV lipodystrophy syndrome is a recognized complication of potent antiretroviral therapy and is characterized by often dramatic changes in various body fat stores, both central and peripheral. Given prior findings of heightened body image dysphoria among HIV-infected men with lipodystrophy as compared to HIV-infected men without lipodystrophy, we sought to determine body image among HIV-infected and HIV-negative women and to determine the relationship of HIV and lipodystrophy with body image. Our a priori hypothesis was that women with HIV and lipodystrophy would have significantly poorer body image as compared to women without HIV and to women with HIV without lipodystrophy. RESULTS: 116 women responded to two previously validated self-report instruments (Body Image Quality of Life Index (BIQLI) and the Situational Inventory of Body-Image Dysphoria – Short Form (SIBID-S)) on body image. 62 (53% subjects) HIV-infected women were recruited at the university-based HIV clinic. 54 (47% subjects) HIV-negative female controls were recruited from another study evaluating bone density in otherwise healthy controls. 96% identified their sexual orientation as women having sex with men. Among the HIV-infected group, 36 reported the presence of lipodystrophic characteristics and 26 reported no lipodystrophic changes. Agreement regarding the presence of lipodystrophy between physician and subject was 0.67 as measured by the kappa coefficient of agreement. Compared to HIV-negative women, HIV-positive women demonstrated poor body image as measured by BIQLI (p = 0.0009). Compared with HIV-infected women who denied lipodystrophy, HIV-infected women with self-reported lipodystrophy demonstrated poor body image as measured by BIQLI (p = 0.02) and SIBID-S scales (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that HIV and lipodystrophy status among women is associated with poor body image. Universal efforts should be made in the HIV medical community to recognize body image issues particularly among persons affected by lipodystrophy so that appropriate intervention and support may be provided