Contrasting local and long-range-transported warm ice-nucleating particles during an atmospheric river in coastal California, USA

Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) have been found to influence the amount, phase and efficiency of precipitation from winter storms, including atmospheric rivers.Warm INPs, those that initiate freezing at temperatures warmer than -10°C, are thought to be particularly impactful because they can create primary ice in mixed-phase clouds, enhancing precipitation efficiency. The dominant sources of warm INPs during atmospheric rivers, the role of meteorology in modulating transport and injection of warm INPs into atmospheric river clouds, and the impact of warm INPs on mixed-phase cloud properties are not well-understood. In this case study, time-resolved precipitation samples were collected during an atmospheric river in northern California, USA, during winter 2016. Precipitation samples were collected at two sites, one coastal and one inland, which are separated by about 35 km. The sites are sufficiently close that air mass sources during this storm were almost identical, but the inland site was exposed to terrestrial sources of warm INPs while the coastal site was not. Warm INPs were more numerous in precipitation at the inland site by an order of magnitude. Using FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model) dispersion modeling and radar-derived cloud vertical structure, we detected influence from terrestrial INP sources at the inland site but did not find clear evidence of marine warm INPs at either site.We episodically detected warm INPs from long-range-transported sources at both sites. By extending the FLEXPART modeling using a meteorological reanalysis, we demonstrate that long-range-transported warm INPs were observed only when the upper tropospheric jet provided transport to cloud tops. Using radar-derived hydrometeor classifications, we demonstrate that hydrometeors over the terrestrially influenced inland site were more likely to be in the ice phase for cloud temperatures between 0 and -10°C. We thus conclude that terrestrial and long-rangetransported aerosol were important sources of warm INPs during this atmospheric river. Meteorological details such as transport mechanism and cloud structure were important in determining (i) warm INP source and injection temperature and (ii) ultimately the impact of warm INPs on mixed-phase cloud properties

Utilization of data below the analytical limit of quantitation in pharmacokinetic analysis and modeling: promoting interdisciplinary debate

Traditionally, bioanalytical laboratories do not report actual concentrations for samples with results below the LOQ (BLQ) in pharmacokinetic studies. BLQ values are outside the method calibration range established during validation and no data are available to support the reliability of these values. However, ignoring BLQ data can contribute to bias and imprecision in model-based pharmacokinetic analyses. From this perspective, routine use of BLQ data would be advantageous. We would like to initiate an interdisciplinary debate on this important topic by summarizing the current concepts and use of BLQ data by regulators, pharmacometricians and bioanalysts. Through introducing the limit of detection and evaluating its variability, BLQ data could be released and utilized appropriately for pharmacokinetic research

track2KBA: An R package for identifying important sites for biodiversity from tracking data

Identifying important sites for biodiversity is vital for conservation and management. However, there is a lack of accessible, easily applied tools that enable practitioners to delineate important sites for highly mobile species using established criteria. We introduce the R package ‘track2KBA’, a tool to identify important sites at the population level using tracking data from individual animals based on three key steps: (a) identifying individual core areas, (b) assessing population-level representativeness of the sample and (c) quantifying spatial overlap among individuals and scaling up to the population. We describe package functionality and exemplify its application using tracking data from three taxa in contrasting environments: a seal, a marine turtle and a migratory land bird. This tool facilitates the delineation of sites of ecological relevance for diverse taxa and provides output useful for assessing their importance to a population or species, as in the Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) Standard. As such, ‘track2KBA’ can contribute directly to conservation planning at global and regional levels

Cognitive Processing Biases Associated With Fear of Childbirth

Fear of childbirth (FOC) is a phobic-like response concerning the prospect of giving birth. FOC can have negative implications for women during pregnancy and can impact their birthing experience. Cognitive processing biases (e.g., difficulty disengaging from threatening information, interpreting ambiguous information as threatening, and preferentially recalling threatening content) have previously been found to maintain general anxiety and low mood. To date, there has been no research assessing these attention, interpretation, and memory biases and their relationship with FOC in pregnant women. Accordingly, in this cross-sectional study, participants who were at least 12 weeks pregnant (n = 116), recruited through a local hospital trust, completed tasks assessing attention (emotional Stroop task), interpretation (scrambled sentences test), and explicit memory (recognition task) biases with materials including FOC-related content. They also completed three separate measures of FOC and measures of low mood, general anxiety, worry, and rumination. We found that a negative interpretation bias (but not attention or explicit memory biases) was associated with higher levels of FOC. These findings indicate that women presenting with higher FOC are more likely to demonstrate negative interpretation biases for ambiguous information relating to childbirth, which may inform research developing interventions to support women presenting with FOC

Den Magiske Fabrikken : Lærerstudenter som innovatører for læring om bærekraftig utvikling. Et forsknings- og utviklingsprosjekt om konstruksjon av opplevelsesbaserte undervisningsopplegg på Den Magiske Fabrikken

I rapporten beskrives hvordan lærerstudenter kan være innovatører for læring om bærekraftig utvikling. Rapporten viser hvordan partnerskap mellom lærerutdannere, lærerstudenter og representanter fra arbeidslivet samarbeidet med og engasjerte seg i et resirkuleringsanlegg, kalt Den Magiske Fabrikken, for å lage innovative, opplevelsesbaserte undervisningsopplegg med temaet bærekraft. Rapporten redegjør for prosjektet i sin helhet, fra hvordan studentene ble orientert om arbeidet med å utvikle innovative undervisningsdesign om bærekraft på campus til de multimodale presentasjonene ble presentert på en workshop på simuleringssenteret SimSam. Dette er et simulerings- og samhandlingslaboratorium lokalisert ved Universitetet i Sørøst- Norge (USN). Prosjektet ble gjennomført som et design-basert prosjekt, noe som innebærer at vi bygget prosjektet på læringsteoretiske prinsipper, og endret og utviklet undervisningsdesignet basert på erfaringene som ble gjort underveis. Gjennom å utforske undervisning på innovative måter rundt temaet bærekraft fikk både lærerutdannere og studentene utviklet sin entreprenørielle kompetanse. Prosjektets tette kobling mot arbeidslivet gav fruktbare koblinger mellom universitetsutdanningen og lærerprofesjonen. Gjennom å samarbeide med arbeidslivet fikk studentene omforme pedagogiske ideer tilknyttet bærekraft til konkrete undervisningsaktiviteter. Samlet sett ser vi prosjektet som en svært verdifull forskningstilnærming for å bedre forstå hvordan utdanningsinstitusjoner kan tilrettelegge for å skape gjensidig utviklende relasjoner mellom studentaktive læringsformer, partnere i arbeidslivet og forskning. Rapporten er utformet av Rakel Rohde Næss, Morten Oddvik, Magnus Hontvedt, Camilla Wiig og Charlotte Beal. Prosjektet er ledet av Magnus Hontved

Efficacité du blood patch seul pour traiter une thrombophlébite cérébrale compliquant une hypotension intracrânienne spontanée

International audienc

Exploration du système de récompense en IRM fonctionnelle chez des patients parkinsoniens avec ou sans trouble comportemental en sommeil paradoxal

International audienc