Perspectivas de Desenvolvimento Regional com a Exploração das Reservas de Ferro no Município de Caetité, Bahia

Brazil is globally regarded as a potential producer of iron ore. Deposits known and explored the states of Minas Gerais, Pará and Mato Grosso do Sul hold approximately 99% of the reserves. In recent years the increasing demand for mineral deposits led to new researchers in the municipality of Caetité, south-central region of Bahia. The project implementation for the operation and logistics for the marketing of the product will generate taxes and moving the local and regional economy, bringing the state to the third largest producer of iron ore in the country. The hinterland to the coast, changes in landscape aspects, environmental and socioeconomic become part of the scenery Bahia, due to the insertion of the district ferriferous.O Brasil é, mundialmente, considerado como um produtor em potencial do minério de ferro. Dos depósitos conhecidos e explorados os estados de Minas Gerais, Pará e Mato Grosso do Sul detêm aproximadamente 99% das reservas. Nos últimos anos a crescente demanda, pelo mineral, levou pesquisadores a novas jazidas no município de Caetité, mesorregião centro-sul da Bahia. A implantação de projetos para a exploração e a logística para o escoamento do produto, vão gerar tributos e movimentar a economia local e regional, elevando o estado ao terceiro maior produtor do minério no país. Da região interiorana até o litoral, mudanças nos aspectos paisagísticos, ambientais e socioeconômicos começam a fazer parte do cenário baiano, devido à inserção do distrito ferrífero.

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Modelo de aferição da velocidade de partículas através de parâmetro energético

A vibração é, sem dúvida, o efeito que causa maiores danos nas operações de desmonte com uso de explosivos, apesar de o ruído produzido pela detonação ser o efeito mais perceptível pelo ser humano. O objetivo principal dessa Tese é estudar a vibração resultante do desmonte de rochas com explosivos em minas a céu aberto, estudando os critérios de avaliação das vibrações. A pesquisa envolve ensaios de campo e monitoramento ambiental de uma mineração de calcário (CIMPOR). O trabalho apresenta, inicialmente, uma revisão dos primeiros estudos do fenômeno da vibração; em seguida, será apresentado um breve conceito da vibração resultante do desmonte de rocha com explosivos em minas a céu aberto, tratando, após isso, dos critérios de avaliação destas vibrações. Apresentar-se-á também um resumo das principais normas técnicas internacionais e nacionais bem como as formas do modo como as ondas P e S se propagam no solo. A área monitorada está localizada nos subúrbios de João Pessoa, capital da Paraíba a sua geologia predominante está compreendida entre o Grupo Paraíba e o grupo Barreira. O monitoramento da área foi realizado pelo o equipamento da GeoSonics, modelo SSU 3000 LC. O período de medições compreende desde o mês de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2005, totalizando 36 meses de monitoramento. Foram realizadas quatrocentas e sessenta e cinco medições, objetivando encontrar a lei de propagação da vibração pela quantidade máxima de energia a ser liberada por espera para uma determinada distância. Para análise dos resultados, foi utilizada como ferramenta inicial a planilha eletrônica Excel versão 2003. Percebeu-se que o grau de dispersão diminui com a utilização da energia do explosivo liberada por espera em relação à utilização com carga (peso) do explosivo por esper

CARACTERÍSTICAS MINERALÓGICAS E CRISTALOGRÁFICAS DA GIPSITA DO ARARIPE

A gipsita é um sulfato de cálcio di-hidratado e tem o seu principal campo de aplicação industrial a partir da sua transformação para gesso. No Araripe, as minas apresentam diferentes tipos de minério que submetidos a processos de calcinação diferenciados produzem gesso de qualidade diferenciada. Foram descritas macroscopicamente amostras dos seguintes minérios: a) tipo “rapadura;” b) tipo “cocadinha; c) tipo “Johnson”; d) tipo “estrelinha”; e) o alabastro; f) a selenita, além da anidrita. Apresentam-se, neste trabalho, os resultados das investigações em amostras de alguns dos tipos de minérios conhecidos, utilizando-se a Difração de Raios-X na expectativa de melhor compreendê-los, visto que atualmente são diferenciados por aspectos meramente morfológicos. Foram realizadas análises difratométricas em amostras dos tipos Jonhson, Rapadura/Cocadinha e Estrelinha. A análise desses difratogramas diagnostica um material puro, bem cristalizado, identificando como única impureza a presença, embora em pequena quantidade, de anidrita nos três tipos estudados. Ainda é possível afirmar que o teor de anidrita é maior no tipo estratificado, seguido pelo tipo estrelinha e no tipo mais nobre - gipsita tipo Jonhson -, embora com concentração de anidrita nos seus nódulos de coloração cinza azulado, fora dos quais ocorre o menor teor entre os três tipos estudados

CARACTERÍSTICAS PETROGRÁFICAS DE ROCHAS ESCURAS E SUA CORRESPONDÊNCIA COM ALTERABILIDADE, RESISTÊNCIAS E ÍNDICES FÍSICOS; EXEMPLO DO PRETO SÃO MARCOS.

As rochas silicáticas escuras, como os gabros, cuja composição apresenta mais plagioclásios e minerais ferromagnesianos, sobretudo piroxênios, anfibólios e micas, mostram maior tendência à alteração, seja em meio anidro (oxidação), seja em meio aquoso, através da hidratação. Rochas escuras sofrem limitações para aplicação, seja em ambientes úmidos ou secos, graças à susceptibilidade às alterações. A grande quantidade de rejeitos poderá ser minorada através da melhor adequação da explotação (extração das pranchas e blocos) aos elementos marcadores de deformação. Assim, é necessária a análise prévia e localização da frente de produção na pedreira, de acordo com a forma e orientação do sólido segundo o qual a rocha tende a se partir naturalmente. Quanto aos índices físicos, o “Preto São Marcos” apresenta maior densidade que as rochas silicáticas claras. Os valores de porosidade e absorção d’água se mostraram compatíveis com aqueles da NBR 15844:2010, assim como as resistências mecânicas. A produção de britas a partir dos rejeitos das pedreiras contribui para redução da agressão ao meio ambiente e uso sustentado

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora