Clasificación de las áreas de conocimiento del CNPq y el campo de Enfermería: posibilidades y límites

Knowledge areas have been discussed by Science and Technology managers and administrators and by the scientific community searching for tools to support data systematization, mainly for management and administrative activities. The main table in use by CNPq is admittedly outdated and requires revision or reclassification. The aim of this article is to contribute to the current debate based on previous results from participation in a table review study performed in the 1990s and on research results in the area of knowledge organization and representation in the context of Information Science. It presents a proposal to reformulate the Nursing Knowledge Area and some reflections about the possibilities of this ongoing process.La clasificación de las áreas de conocimiento viene siendo objeto de discusión por parte de los gestores y administradores de C&T y por la comunidad científica en busca de instrumentos de apoyo a la sistematización de datos, principalmente para actividades de gerencia y administración. La principal tabla de áreas utilizada por el CNPq está reconocidamente desactualizada, necesitando de revisión o reclasificación. El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir para el actual debate sobre el asunto, con base en resultados previos de participación en trabajo de revisión de la referida tabla, realizado en la década de 1990, bien como de investigación en el área de la organización y representación del conocimiento en el contexto de la Ciencia de la Información. Se presenta una propuesta de reformulación del Área de Conocimiento de Enfermería y algunas reflexiones sobre las posibilidades de este proceso en curso.A classificação das áreas de conhecimento tem sido objeto de discussão por gestores e administradores de C&T e pela comunidade científica na busca de instrumentos de apoio à sistematização de dados, principalmente para atividades de gestão e administração. A principal tabela de áreas em uso pelo CNPq está reconhecidamente desatualizada, necessitando de revisão ou reclassificação. O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para o atual debate, com base em resultados prévios de participação em trabalho de revisão da tabela realizado na década de 1990 e de resultados de pesquisas na área da organização e representação do conhecimento no contexto da Ciência da Informação. Apresenta uma proposta de reformulação da Área de Conhecimento da Enfermagem e algumas reflexões sobre as possibilidades deste processo em curso.Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Faculdade de Enfermagem Programa de Pós-Graduação em EnfermagemUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina Departamento de Enfermagem Programa de Pós-Graduação em EnfermagemUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Enfermagem Programa de Pós-Graduação em EnfermagemUniversidade Federal da Paraíba Departamento de Enfermagem de Saúde Pública e Psiquiatria Programa de Pós-Graduação em EnfermagemUNIFESP, Depto. de Enfermagem Programa de Pós-Graduação em EnfermagemSciEL

In vitro culture of ovine mammary gland cells expressing beta-lactoglobulin and beta-casein

The expression of milk proteins in vitro is essential to exploit the mammary gland cells as a biological model. Enzymatic tissue disaggregation has been widely used to establish mammary cell culture, but its effect in long-term ovine mammary cell culture is not completely elucidated. This study aimed at comparing mechanical/enzymatic and mechanical dissociation methods to establish ovine mammary cell culture. We compared cellular differentiation induced by lactating ewe sérum or fetal bovine serum based on the gene expression levels of milk proteins (beta-lactoglobulin, alpha s1-casein, and betacasein). Mechanically dissociated cells were positive immunostaining for cytokeratin 8.13, such as mammary epithelial cells. These cells are responsible for milk protein expression and they are low immunostaining for vimentin, mesenchymal marker. Mechanical/enzymatic dissociation cells were positive for vimentin. The fastest cell growth (cell/hour) was observed in the mechanical dissociation group cultured with 10% fetal bovine serum medium. Mechanically and mechanically/enzymatically derived cells were able to express beta-casein and beta-lactoglobulin, but not alpha s1-casein. The relative expression of beta-lactoglobulin was not affected by the tissue dissociation method or culture media, beta-casein relative expression was down regulated in mechanically dissociated cells cultured in the presence of lactating ewe serum, (P = 0.019). Beta-casein relative expression was also down regulated in mechanically/enzymatically dissociated cells cultured with fetal bovine sérum (P = 0.021). In the present conditions, we conclude that mechanical dissociation followed by culture with 10% of fetal bovine serum was the most efficient method to induce milk proteins’ mRNA expression by ovine mammary epithelial cells in vitro.A expressão in vitro de proteínas do leite e essencial para explorar as células da glândula mamaria como um modelo biológico. A desagregação tecidual via enzimática e amplamente utilizada para o estabelecimento cultivo de células mamarias. No entanto, seu efeito a longo prazo no cultivo de células da glândula mamaria ovina ainda não e bem elucidado. Este estudo tem como objetivo comparar dois métodos de dissociação tecidual, mecânico/enzimático e mecânico, para estabelecer cultivo celular de glândula mamaria ovina. A indução da diferenciação celular, por adição de soro de ovelha lactante ou soro fetal bovino, foi avaliada pelos níveis de expressão de proteínas do leite (beta-lactoglobulina, alpha s1-caseina e beta-caseína). Células mecanicamente dissociadas foram positivamente marcadas para a presença de citoqueratina 8.13, marcador para células epiteliais mamarias. Essas células são as responsáveis pela produção das proteínas do leite e são pouco marcadas para a presença de vimentina, marcador para células de origem mesenquimal. Já as células obtidas da dissociação mecânica/ enzimática foram positivamente marcadas para presença de vimentina. A maior velocidade de crescimento (células/hora) foi observado para o grupo com dissociação mecânica cultivado em meio com 10% de soro fetal bovino. As células obtidas tanto da dissociação mecânica quanto mecânica/enzimática foram capazes de expressar beta-lactoglobulina e beta-caseína, mas não alfa s1-caseina. A expressão relativa de beta-lactoglobulina não foi afetada pelo método de dissociação ou meio de cultivo. A expressão relativa da beta-caseína foi negativamente regulada para células mecanicamente dissociadas e cultivadas na presença de soro de ovelha lactante (P = 0,019). A expressão relativa da beta-caseína também foi negativamente regulada para células dissociadas de forma mecânica/enzimática e cultivadas com soro fetal bovino (P = 0,021). Nas condições do presente estudo, concluímos que o método de dissociação mecânica seguido pelo cultivo em meio com 10% de soro fetal bovino foi o método mais eficiente para induzir a expressão mRNA de proteínas do leite por células epiteliais mamarias ovinas in vitro

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Editorial - Who needs ocean and polar diplomacy?

This special edition "Who needs ocean and polar diplomacy?" seeks to stimulate discussions about the increasing relevance of oceanic and polar diplomacy, particularly in the context of the UN's Ocean Science Decade for Sustainable Development (2021-2030). It highlights Brazil's potential to contribute to these topics, in addition to emphasizing significant milestones in 2023, such as the negotiation of the BBNJ treaty at the UN and the launch of Brazil's Ten-Year Plan for Antarctic Science. The edition examines various issues, from ocean governance and changes in the Arctic to Brazil's role in the geopolitical scenario of Antarctica. Based on interdisciplinary research, the content examines different aspects of oceanic and polar governance and may provide valuable insights for future research.Esta edição especial "Who needs ocean and polar diplomacy?" busca estimular discussões sobre a relevância crescente da diplomacia oceânica e polar, particularmente no contexto da Década da Ciência Oceânica para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (2021-2030) da ONU. Ela salienta o potencial do Brasil para contribuir com estes tópicos, além de ressaltar marcos significativos em 2023, como a negociação do tratado BBNJ na ONU e o lançamento do Plano Decenal para a Ciência Antártica do Brasil. A edição examina questões variadas, desde a governança dos oceanos e mudanças no Ártico até o papel do Brasil no cenário geopolítico da Antártica. Com base em pesquisas interdisciplinares, o conteúdo examina diferentes aspectos da governança oceânica e polar e pode oferecer insights valiosos para futuras pesquisas

The fragmented governance of the conservation and sustainable use of the ocean and its resources

O duplo objetivo do texto é destacar que a governança do oceano é parcialmente desconectada do conhecimento científico em razão de sua construção histórica secular baseada mais no direito internacional de coexistência de Estados soberanos, e menos pautada pelo dever de cooperar em nome do interesse vital da humanidade. O segundo objetivo é o de argumentar que daí decorre o grande paradoxo da governança, haja vista que o oceano é o mais importante sistema de suporte à vida na Terra, porém a sua governança é extremamente fragmentada e inadequada para enfrentar os desafios da sustentabilidade global, tais como o aquecimento global, acidificação e empobrecimento da diversidade biológica. Como resultado, apresentamos as perspectivas global e nacional como exemplos da fragmentação da governança oceânica.The double goals of this text are to highlight that ocean governance has been partially disconnected from scientific knowledge due to its century-long historical evolution based more on sovereign stateoriented international law than on the duty to cooperate for the vital interest of humankind. The second goal is to present the ocean governance paradox, since the ocean is the most important life supporting system, but ocean governance is extremely fragmented and inadequate to tackle global sustainability challenges, such as global warming, acidification and biodiversity loss. As a result, we present the global and the national perspectives as examples of the fragmentation of the oceanic governance