Integrable Generalized Thirring Model

We derive the conditions that the coupling constants of the Generalized Thirring Model have to satisfy in order for the model to admit an infinite number of commuting classical conserved quantities. Our treatment uses the bosonized version of the model, with periodic boundary conditions imposed on the space coordinate. Some explicit examples that satisfy these conditions are discussed. We show that, with a different set of boundary conditions, there exist additional conserved quantities, and we find the Poisson Bracket algebra satisfied by them.Comment: Final version to be published in Nucl.Phys.B. Only minor changes. An equation was deleted and a conclusion revised, and a few comments were added. Harvmac, 15 pages. Full postscript available from http://theor1.lbl.gov/www/theorgroup/papers/39040.p

Irrational Conformal Field Theory

This is a review of irrational conformal field theory, which includes rational conformal field theory as a small subspace. Central topics of the review include the Virasoro master equation, its solutions and the dynamics of irrational conformal field theory. Discussion of the dynamics includes the generalized Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations on the sphere, the corresponding heat-like systems on the torus and the generic world- sheet action of irrational conformal field theory.Comment: 195 pages, Latex, 12 figures, to appear in Physics Reports. Typos corrected in Sections 13 and 14, and a footnote added in Section 1

New Spin-Two Gauged Sigma Models and General Conformal Field Theory

Recently, we have studied the general Virasoro construction at one loop in the background of the general non-linear sigma model. Here, we find the action formulation of these new conformal field theories when the background sigma model is itself conformal. In this case, the new conformal field theories are described by a large class of new spin-two gauged sigma models. As examples of the new actions, we discuss the spin-two gauged WZW actions, which describe the conformal field theories of the generic affine-Virasoro construction, and the spin-two gauged g/h coset constructions. We are able to identify the latter as the actions of the local Lie h-invariant conformal field theories, a large class of generically irrational conformal field theories with a local gauge symmetry.Comment: LaTeX, 28 pages, references and clarifying remarks adde

Cyclic Coset Orbifolds

We apply the new orbifold duality transformations to discuss the special case of cyclic coset orbifolds in further detail. We focus in particular on the case of the interacting cyclic coset orbifolds, whose untwisted sectors are Z_\lambda(permutation)-invariant g/h coset constructions which are not \lambda copies of coset constructions. Because \lambda copies are not involved, the action of Z_\lambda(permutation) in the interacting cyclic coset orbifolds can be quite intricate. The stress tensors and ground state conformal weights of all the sectors of a large class of these orbifolds are given explicitly and special emphasis is placed on the twisted h subalgebras which are generated by the twisted (0,0) operators of these orbifolds. We also discuss the systematics of twisted (0,0) operators in general coset orbifolds.Comment: 30 page

A significant danger in the work environment of nurses: Bullying

Yıldırma hemşirelik için önemli bir sorundur. İşyerinde yıldırma son yıllarda dikkat çeken bir konu haline gelmiştir. Yıldırmada hem bireysel hem de kurumsal özellikler önemli görünmektedir. Özellikle mağdurların ve saldırganların özelliklerini bilmek riskli grupları belirleme açısından önemlidir. Ayrıca yıldırmaya zemin hazırlayan kurumsal faktörlerin de planlamalarda göz önüne alınması gerekmektedir. Yıldırmanın sonuçları hem hemşireleri hem de kurumları olumsuz etkilemektedir. Yıldırmaya uğrayan bireyler hem fizyolojik hem psikolojik olarak olumsuz etkilenmektedirler. Ayrıca yıldırmanın yoğun olduğu kurumlarda çalışanlar işten ayrılmayı düşünmekte, motivasyonları düşmekte ve verimlilikleri azalmaktadır. Hemşirelerin yıldırmayla ilgili hakları konusunda bilgilendirilmeleri, hemşireleri bireysel ve kurumsal olarak güçlendirecek önlemlerin alınması gerekmektedir. Hemşirelerin kendilerini daha rahat ifade edebilecekleri çalışma ortamına ihtiyaçları bulunmaktadır Bullying is an important issue for nursing. Bullying in the workplace has become a subject of concern in recent years. Both individual and organizational characteristics seem to be important in bullying. In particular, recognizing the characteristics of victims and perpetrators is important to identify the risk groups. Organizational factors that lay the groundwork for bullying must also be taken into account in the planning. The results of bullying adversely affect both nurses and institutions. Individuals vulnerable to bullying are affected both physiologically and psychologically. In addition, employees in organizations where they are exposed to bullying consider resigning, and their motivation and productivity decrease. It is necessary that nurses should be informed about their rights regarding bullying, and that measures which will strengthen nurses individually and institutionally should be taken. Nurses need a working environment in which they can express themselves more comfortabl

Resolutions and Characters of Irreducible Representations of the N=2 Superconformal Algebra

We evaluate characters of irreducible representations of the N=2 supersymmetric extension of the Virasoro algebra. We do so by deriving the BGG-resolution of the admissible N=2 representations and also a new 3,5,7...-resolution in terms of twisted massive Verma modules. We analyse how the characters behave under the automorphisms of the algebra, whose most significant part is the spectral flow transformations. The possibility to express the characters in terms of theta functions is determined by their behaviour under the spectral flow. We also derive the identity expressing every $\hat{sl}(2)$ character as a linear combination of spectral-flow transformed N=2 characters; this identity involves a finite number of N=2 characters in the case of unitary representations. Conversely, we find an integral representation for the admissible N=2 characters as contour integrals of admissible $\hat{sl}(2)$ characters.Comment: LaTeX2e: amsart, 34pp. An overall sign error corrected in (4.33) and several consequent formulas, and the presentation streamlined in Sec.4.2.3. References added. To appear in Nucl. Phys.

Finite-dimensional analogs of string s <-> t duality and pentagon equation

We put forward one of the forms of functional pentagon equation (FPE), known from the theory of integrable models, as an algebraic explanation to the phenomenon known in physics as st duality. We present two simple geometrical examples of FPE solutions, one of them yielding in a particular case the well-known Veneziano expression for 4-particle amplitude. Finally, we interpret our solutions of FPE in terms of relations in Lie groups.Comment: LaTeX, 12 pages, 6 eps figure

Systematic approach to cyclic orbifolds

We introduce an orbifold induction procedure which provides a systematic construction of cyclic orbifolds, including their twisted sectors. The procedure gives counterparts in the orbifold theory of all the current-algebraic constructions of conformal field theory and enables us to find the orbifold characters and their modular transformation properties.Comment: 39 pages, LaTeX. v2,3: references added. v4: typos correcte

Sugawara-type constraints in hyperbolic coset models

In the conjectured correspondence between supergravity and geodesic models on infinite-dimensional hyperbolic coset spaces, and E10/K(E10) in particular, the constraints play a central role. We present a Sugawara-type construction in terms of the E10 Noether charges that extends these constraints infinitely into the hyperbolic algebra, in contrast to the truncated expressions obtained in arXiv:0709.2691 that involved only finitely many generators. Our extended constraints are associated to an infinite set of roots which are all imaginary, and in fact fill the closed past light-cone of the Lorentzian root lattice. The construction makes crucial use of the E10 Weyl group and of the fact that the E10 model contains both D=11 supergravity and D=10 IIB supergravity. Our extended constraints appear to unite in a remarkable manner the different canonical constraints of these two theories. This construction may also shed new light on the issue of `open constraint algebras' in traditional canonical approaches to gravity.Comment: 49 page

Limits of Confinement: The First 15 Years of Ultra-Relativistic Heavy Ion Studies

The study of high energy nuclear collisions has entered a new stage with RHIC; it therefore seems a good time to ask what we have learned from the experimental results obtained up to now. I recall what we had expected to find when the SPS and AGS programs were started, summarize what actually was found, and then try to assess what we have learned from the results.Comment: 17 pages, 21 figures; opening talk at Quark Matter 2002, Nantes, France, July 17 - 24, 200