Erythrina velutina Willd. - Fabaceae: Árvore de múltiplos usos no nordeste brasileiro

 O mulungu (Erythrina velutina Willd.) é uma árvore que ocorre no nordeste do Brasil e usada como medicinal, madeireira, artesanal, ornamental e como componente de sistema agroflorestais. A partir de consulta a Bases Bibliográficas foi realizada uma revisão sobre a espécie tratando os aspectos taxonômicos e botânicos, composição química e aplicações na fitoterapia, propagação e conservação

Carcinoma de pênis e próstata: impactos entre a prevenção e diagnóstico para população masculina / Penis and prostate carcinoma: impacts between prevention and diagnosis for male population

Dentre as inúmeras condições de saúde que acometem os homens, o carcinoma de pênis e o carcinoma de próstata está entre as neoplasias que requer uma atenção peculiar por parte dos profissionais de saúde. Embora sejam duas doenças de proporções epidemiológicas diferentes, ambas possuem um impacto significativo no que se refere a saúde da população masculina. Sendo o carcinoma de pênis considerado uma neoplasia mais rara, tendo o equivalente a 1% dos casos de câncer para essa população, é considerado -também- característico de países subdesenvolvidos. Divergindo do câncer de pênis em vários aspectos o carcinoma de próstata é uma neoplasia característica de países desenvolvidos sendo considerado uma condição da população masculina idosa, com diversos fatores de risco diretamente ligados à sua incidência. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo contribuir com a identificação dos impactos entre prevenção e diagnóstico dos carcinomas de pênis e próstata para população masculina. Tendo sido realizado um estudo de revisão de literatura nas bases de dados eletrônicas Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), EBSCO e Google Acadêmico, onde foram utilizados artigos publicados entre os anos 2015 a 2020, em língua portuguesa. Diante do exposto, concluiu-se que: nos resultados que as principais implicações para o diagnóstico e tratamento precoce para os carcinomas de pênis e próstata, é a dificuldade dos profissionais, especialmente da Atenção Primária à Saúde, na captação do público alvo em questão, observou-se também a baixa quantidade de materiais de pesquisa no que se refere ao carcinoma de pênis, principalmente. O que aponta para uma maior necessidade de pesquisas a respeito do mesmo

Implications of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in soybean drought stress tolerance

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud Ethylene is a phytohormone known for inducing a triple response in seedlings, leaf abscission and other responses to various stresses. Several studies in model plants have evaluated the importance of this hormone in crosstalk signaling with different metabolic pathways, in addition to responses to biotic stresses. However, the mechanism of action in plants of agricultural interest, such as soybean, and its participation in abiotic stresses remain unclear.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud The studies presented in this work allowed for the identification of 176 soybean genes described elsewhere for ethylene biosynthesis (108 genes) and signal transduction (68 genes). A model to predict these routes in soybean was proposed, and it had great representability compared to those described for Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Furthermore, analysis of putative gene promoters from soybean gene orthologs permitted the identification of 29 families of cis-acting elements. These elements are essential for ethylene-mediated regulation and its possible crosstalk with other signaling pathways mediated by other plant hormones.\ud From genes that are differentially expressed in the transcriptome database, we analyzed the relative expression of some selected genes in resistant and tolerant soybean plants subjected to water deficit. The differential expression of a set of five soybean ethylene-related genes (MAT, ACS, ACO, ETR and CTR) was validated with RT-qPCR experiments, which confirmed variations in the expression of these soybean target genes, as identified in the transcriptome database. In particular, two families of ethylene biosynthesis genes (ACS and ACO) were upregulated under these experimental conditions, whereas CTR (involved in ethylene signal transduction) was downregulated. In the same samples, high levels of ethylene production were detected and were directly correlated with the free fraction levels of ethylene’s precursor. Thus, the combination of these data indicated the involvement of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in soybean responses to water stress.\ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud The in silico analysis, combined with the quantification of ethylene production (and its precursor) and RT-qPCR experiments, allowed for a better understanding of the importance of ethylene at a molecular level in this crop as well as its role in the response to abiotic stresses. In summary, all of the data presented here suggested that soybean responses to water stress could be regulated by a crosstalk network among different signaling pathways, which might involve various phytohormones, such as auxins, ABA and jasmonic acid. The integration of in silico and physiological data could also contribute to the application of biotechnological strategies to the development of improved cultivars with regard to different stresses, such as the isolation of stress-specific plant promoters.This research was financially supported by grants from the Brazil Higher\ud Education Personnel Training Coordination (CAPES), the Brazil National\ud Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), the Brazilian\ud Foundation for Research Support (FAP-DF) and Embrapa Genetic Resources\ud and Biotechnology (Brazil)

Urgências e Emergências Bucais: Desafios no Atendimento de Pacientes Oncológicos na Rede Pública de Saúde

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar as principais situações de urgência e emergência bucais que afetam pacientes com câncer, ao mesmo tempo em que busca compreender os desafios relacionados à prestação de assistência a esses pacientes na rede pública de saúde. Este estudo constitui uma revisão integrativa da literatura que foi realizada mediante buscas nas bases de dados LILACS e SCIELO, com o suporte do Google Acadêmico, no período entre agosto e setembro de 2023. Os termos-chave utilizados, obtidos dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS), abrangeram Saúde Pública, oncologia, emergência, urgência, dentista e câncer. No processo de seleção dos estudos, foram aplicados critérios de inclusão que consideraram publicações com datas entre 2017 e 2023, redigidas em língua portuguesa e de livre acesso. Como critério de exclusão, procedeu-se à eliminação de estudos duplicados entre as bases de dados, resumos, trabalhos de conclusão de curso e artigos que não estivessem alinhados com o escopo da pesquisa. Após a condução das buscas e a seleção rigorosa, apenas 10 artigos foram eleitos para compor a amostra final. Os artigos demonstraram que o enfrentamento das urgências e emergências bucais em pacientes oncológicos na rede pública de saúde representa um desafio multifacetado e crítico. Esses pacientes frequentemente enfrentam complicações bucais decorrentes da doença ou de seus tratamentos, o que pode impactar significativamente sua qualidade de vida. Concluiu-se que, entre as principais urgências e emergências bucais que podem surgir estão as mucosites, infecções orais, sangramentos e dor intensa. No entanto, o maior desafio no atendimento público a esses pacientes reside na falta de recursos adequados, capacitação da equipe de saúde e coordenação interdisciplinar

A social and ecological assessment of tropical land uses at multiple scales: the Sustainable Amazon Network

Science has a critical role to play in guiding more sustainable development trajectories. Here, we present the Sustainable Amazon Network (Rede Amazonia Sustentavel, RAS): a multidisciplinary research initiative involving more than 30 partner organizations working to assess both social and ecological dimensions of land-use sustainability in eastern Brazilian Amazonia. The research approach adopted by RAS offers three advantages for addressing land-use sustainability problems: (i) the collection of synchronized and co-located ecological and socioeconomic data across broad gradients of past and present human use; (ii) a nested sampling design to aid comparison of ecological and socioeconomic conditions associated with different land uses across local, landscape and regional scales; and (iii) a strong engagement with a wide variety of actors and non-research institutions. Here, we elaborate on these key features, and identify the ways in which RAS can help in highlighting those problems in most urgent need of attention, and in guiding improvements in land-use sustainability in Amazonia and elsewhere in the tropics. We also discuss some of the practical lessons, limitations and realities faced during the development of the RAS initiative so far.Keywords: Social–ecological systems, Tropical forests, Land use, Interdisciplinary research, Sustainability, Trade-off

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

STRUCTURE OF A SHRUB-TREE IN A FRAGMENT OF CAATINGA IN CEARÁ STATE, BRAZIL

The Northeast of Brazil is the largest part of its territory occupied by scrub which is characterized by being a xerophytic vegetation considered by experts the biome most sensitive to human interference and global climate change. This study aimed to characterize the floristic composition and structure in a remnant of savanna located in Reserva de Particular de Patrimonio Natural (RPPN) in the Farm Trussú in Iguatu Ceará. 45 plots were established and sampled 10x20 cm all living and dead individuals with a stem diameter at the ground level > 3 cm and total height of > 1 m. The estimated density was 5,602 individuals ha-1 representing 52 species, 41 genera and 23 families. The studied area featuring a variety of woody component similar to that found in other areas of savanna, with Shannon diversity index of 2.19 nats/ind and equitability 0.50. The species Croton sonderianus, Combretum leprosum, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia and Mimosa tenuiflora had greater importance value index. The study area is well preserved and recovery process

FITOSSOCIOLOGIA E ESTRUTURA DE UM FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL DA CAATINGA, CEARÁ, BRASIL

Most of the northeastern territory of Brazil is occupied by scrub, which is characterized by xerophytic vegetation, different vegetation types and a biome considered more sensitive to human interference and climate. This study aimed to characterize the floristic composition and structure of a fragment savanna located in Chapada Moura region, at Farm Elmo Moreno Iguatu, Ceará state. Forty-five (45) plots of 10x20 m were established and all individuals with diameter ≥ 3 cm and height ≥ 1 m were measured. Two thousand and two hundred fifty-six (2256) individuals ha-1, representing 36 species, 29 genera and 13 families were observed. Species diversity was low compared to other vegetation types with Shannon Index of 1.59. Croton sonderianus and Combretum leprosum were the species with the highest DoR, DR, F, IVC and IVI followed Pityrocarpa moniliformis. The presence of a large number of unique and rare woody species shows that the work done so far has not yet sampled the diversity of species present in the different regions of the Biome. This 70-year preserved area is still in early stages of ecological succession evidenced by low species richness and greater occurrence of species of the genus Croton

Contraceptive practices and sexual initiation among young people in three Brazilian State capitals

Almeida, Maria da Conceição Chagas de “Documento produzido em parceria ou por autor vinculado à Fiocruz, mas não consta à informação no documento”.Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2017-06-05T14:00:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marinho LFB Praticas contraceptivas....pdf: 172227 bytes, checksum: ec057c4dd329aa529f39b0fd489cfc21 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2017-06-05T14:25:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Marinho LFB Praticas contraceptivas....pdf: 172227 bytes, checksum: ec057c4dd329aa529f39b0fd489cfc21 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T14:25:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marinho LFB Praticas contraceptivas....pdf: 172227 bytes, checksum: ec057c4dd329aa529f39b0fd489cfc21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009Fundação FordUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, BrasilEste estudo investigou o uso de contraceptivos na primeira relação sexual de 2.790 homens e mulheres. Trata-se de inquérito domiciliar em três capitais brasileiras, com entrevistas de amostra probabilística (Pesquisa GRAVAD). Utilizou-se análise de regressão logística. As variáveis foram agrupadas em: determinantes macrossociais, socialização e entrada na sexualidade, contexto da iniciação sexual e características da/o jovem e da/o parceira/o. A prevalência de foi de 68,3% e de 65,3% na dos homens. Entre elas, a contracepção associou-se à: renda familiar per capita, cor/raça e revistas femininas como fontes de informação sobre gravidez e contracepção. Para ambos os sexos, o uso foi mais freqüente quando houve conversa prévia sobre o tema entre parceiros, a iniciação sexual foi mais tardia e em motel, e o/a parceiro/a paciente. O tempo entre o início do relacionamento e a iniciação sexual mostrou-se associado ao uso na iniciação sexual dos rapazes. Fatores macrossociais parecem determinar a contracepção mais freqüente na iniciação sexual das mulheres, enquanto para os homens o contexto relacional é mais importanteThis study investigated contraceptive use during first sexual intercourse among 2.790 young men and women. The GRAVAD household survey in three Brazilian capital cities involved interviews in a probabilistic sample. A hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used. Variables grouped as: macro-social, socialization and sexual initiation, context of sexual initiation, and characteristics of the interviewee and his or her partner. The prevalence of contraceptive use was 68.3% for women and 65.3% for men. Among women, contraception use was associated to: per capita monthly family income, color/race, and the use of women’s magazines as a source of information on pregnancy and contraception. For both genders, use was more frequent when partners discussed pregnancy prevention before intercourse, when sexual initiation was delayed and in a motel, and when the partner was patient. The interval between the start of the relationship and sexual initiation appeared associated to use during sexual initiation for men. Results suggest that macro-social factors determine more frequent contraception use during sexual initiation for women, while for men the relational context is more important