Imitations d'opus sectile et décors à réseau : essai de terminologie

Ce document de travail d'équipe, dont la parution est ancienne, sera corrigé et enrichi.Le Bulletin de liaison / Centre d'étude des peintures murales romaines : n° 12 contient un glossaire, des références bibliographiques et un index des noms de lieux.This bulletin is based on drawings and schemes which is referred to the description of two decorations in the ancient wall-painting. Each note contains the decorative scheme terminology from the archaeological site and the bibliography.Le bulletin de liaison est basé sur des croquis et des schémas couplés à une description normalisée de deux types de décors de la peinture murale antique. La terminologie des compositions géométriques et de leur remplissage est regroupée sous forme de notices, renvoyant à un exemple-type avec référence bibliographique

XLF and APLF bind Ku80 at two remote sites to ensure DNA repair by non-homologous end joining

International audienceThe Ku70-Ku80 (Ku) heterodimer binds rapidly and tightly to the ends of DNA double-strand breaks and recruits factors of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair pathway through molecular interactions that remain unclear. We have determined crystal structures of the Ku-binding motifs (KBM) of the NHEJ proteins APLF (A-KBM) and XLF (X-KBM) bound to a Ku-DNA complex. The two KBM motifs bind remote sites of the Ku80 alpha/beta domain. The X-KBM occupies an internal pocket formed by an unprecedented large outward rotation of the Ku80 alpha/beta domain. We observe independent recruitment of the APLF-interacting protein XRCC4 and of XLF to laser-irradiated sites via binding of A- and X-KBMs, respectively, to Ku80. Finally, we show that mutation of the X-KBM and A-KBM binding sites in Ku80 compromises both the efficiency and accuracy of end joining and cellular radiosensitivity. A- and X-KBMs may represent two initial anchor points to build the intricate interaction network required for NHEJ

Multigenerational study of the obesogen effects of bisphenol S after a perinatal exposure in C57BL6/J mice fed a high fat diet

International audienceBackground : Bisphenol S is an endocrine disruptor exhibiting metabolic disturbances, especially following perinatal exposures. To date, no data are available on the obesogen effects of BPS in a mutligenerational issue.Objectives : We investigated obesogen effects of BPS in a multigenerational study by focusing on body weight, adipose tissue and plasma parameters in male and female mice.Methods : Pregnant C57BL6/J mice were exposed to BPS (1.5 μg/kg bw/day ie a human equivalent dose of 0.12 μg/kg bw/day) by drinking water from gestational day 0 to post natal day 21. All offsprings were fed with a high fat diet during 15 weeks. Body weight was monitored weekly and fat mass was measured before euthanasia. At euthanasia, blood glucose, insuline, triglyceride, cholesterol and no esterified fatty acid plasma levels were determined and gene expressions in visceral adipose tissue were assessed. F1 males and females were mated to obtain the F2 generation. Likewise, the F2 mice were cross-bred to obtain F3. The same analyses were performed.Results : In F1 BPS induced an overweight in male mice associated to lipolysis gene expressions upregulation. In F1 females, dyslipidemia was observed. In F2, BPS exposure was associated to an increase in body weight, fat and VAT masses in males and females. Several plasma parameters were increased but with a sex related pattern (blood glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol in males and NEFA in females). We observed a down-regulation in mRNA expression of gene involved in lipogenesis and in lipolysis for females but only in the lipogenesis for males. In F3, a decrease in VAT mass and an upregulation of lipogenesis gene expression occurred only in females.Conclusions : BPS perinatal exposure induced sex-dependent obesogen multigenerational effects, the F2 generation being the most impacted. Transgenerational disturbances persisted only in females

Building the Data Management Plan of Observatoire de Paris

International audienceDuring the last decade, the production of science data increased in parallel with the decreasing cost of digital storage and the increase of data processing and computation capabilities. Science institute have to find a way to manage and preserve this data inflow. Most of the calls of funding agencies now require to provide a description of how the data produced in the projet will be managed (archiving, curation, distribution...) and published. This usually takes the form of a Data Management Plan. Funding agency also required more and more to select open source licences for any production of the project, for instance by enforcing FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles.Founded in 1667, the Observatoire de Paris is the largest French national research center for astronomy. Nearly a third of all French astronomers are working in its five laboratories and institute. Located in Paris, Meudon and Nançay, they are all associated with CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research) and with the major scientific universities in the Paris and Orléans area. The research conducted at the Paris observatory covers all the fields of contemporary astronomy and astrophysics: the study of the Sun and Sun-Earth relations, planets and planetary systems, star formation, the interstellar medium, the formation and evolution of galaxies, astroparticles and cosmology, time and space metrology as well as the history and philosophy of science. The Library of the Observatoire is a service entirely devoted to research. Its two missions are to provide scientists with the most complete and pertinent documentation, and to enrich a 350 year old heritage, while at the same time thinking about what today's heritage will be, and what the future will bring. Although mainly destined for the scientists of the Observatoire, it is nevertheless also open to others: scientists from different disciplines and all countries, students, school children, the general public, who are welcome and for whom it organizes scientific and technical outreach activities.Observatoire de Paris has listed a few services that needed to set up a way to formally manage their data more formally: the Informatics Department of the Observatory (DIO), which is hosting scientific computing servers and data storage facilities for the sciences teams of the observatory; the Paris Astronomical Data Centre (PADC), which provides interoperable access on data collections produced within the observatory; the Library of the observatory. Several teams (linked with projects funded by EU or space agencies) showed interest as well.Several actions have now been started by the working group: Identification of the various sources of data and data collection in each department of the Observatory; Identification of the needs in term of citation (data collections, artifacts, documents, software...) and licences; study of possible authoritative delegations (e.g., on DOI attribution, long term preservation...) and to whom; proposing a Data Management Plan template to support science teams when applying for fundings. Those actions are all aiming at building a generic Data Management Plan for the Observatory, that would propose rules and practices for preserving, distribution and sharing science products.The PADC team is deeply involved in data-related international data alliances, such as the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA), the International Planetary Data Alliance (IPDA), and the Research Data Alliance (RDA). This is ensuring that: (a) this study is conducted with up-to-date technologies and concepts, and that (b) the results of the study will be discussed and advertised in those international contexts

Nutrient shortage triggers the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway via the GCN2-ATF4 signalling pathway

We thank the Dr. J.D. Minna (University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA) for the HBEC 3KT-RL cell line. We are grateful to Dr. D. Ron (Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK) for GCN2 deficient Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts and for the F2vE-PERK construct. The authors thank the Dr. B. Manship for language editing and manuscript corrections. C. Chaveroux. is the recipient of the program for fundamental and clinical research on cancer from the "Fondation de France". S. Manie is supported by the foundation "Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer" (PJA20131200334), and by the "Programme INCA" (INCA_7981)The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) is a nutrient-sensing metabolic pathway that produces the activated amino sugar UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a critical substrate for protein glycosylation. Despite its biological significance, little is known about the regulation of HBP flux during nutrient limitation. Here, we report that amino acid or glucose shortage increase GFAT1 production, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the HBP. GFAT1 is a transcriptional target of the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) induced by the GCN2-eIF2 alpha signalling pathway. The increased production of GFAT1 stimulates HBP flux and results in an increase in O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine protein modifications. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that ATF4 provides a link between nutritional stress and the HBP for the regulation of the O-GlcNAcylation-dependent cellular signallin

Building the Data Management Plan of Observatoire de Paris

International audienceDuring the last decade, the production of science data increased in parallel with the decreasing cost of digital storage and the increase of data processing and computation capabilities. Science institute have to find a way to manage and preserve this data inflow. Most of the calls of funding agencies now require to provide a description of how the data produced in the projet will be managed (archiving, curation, distribution...) and published. This usually takes the form of a Data Management Plan. Funding agency also required more and more to select open source licences for any production of the project, for instance by enforcing FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles.Founded in 1667, the Observatoire de Paris is the largest French national research center for astronomy. Nearly a third of all French astronomers are working in its five laboratories and institute. Located in Paris, Meudon and Nançay, they are all associated with CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research) and with the major scientific universities in the Paris and Orléans area. The research conducted at the Paris observatory covers all the fields of contemporary astronomy and astrophysics: the study of the Sun and Sun-Earth relations, planets and planetary systems, star formation, the interstellar medium, the formation and evolution of galaxies, astroparticles and cosmology, time and space metrology as well as the history and philosophy of science. The Library of the Observatoire is a service entirely devoted to research. Its two missions are to provide scientists with the most complete and pertinent documentation, and to enrich a 350 year old heritage, while at the same time thinking about what today's heritage will be, and what the future will bring. Although mainly destined for the scientists of the Observatoire, it is nevertheless also open to others: scientists from different disciplines and all countries, students, school children, the general public, who are welcome and for whom it organizes scientific and technical outreach activities.Observatoire de Paris has listed a few services that needed to set up a way to formally manage their data more formally: the Informatics Department of the Observatory (DIO), which is hosting scientific computing servers and data storage facilities for the sciences teams of the observatory; the Paris Astronomical Data Centre (PADC), which provides interoperable access on data collections produced within the observatory; the Library of the observatory. Several teams (linked with projects funded by EU or space agencies) showed interest as well.Several actions have now been started by the working group: Identification of the various sources of data and data collection in each department of the Observatory; Identification of the needs in term of citation (data collections, artifacts, documents, software...) and licences; study of possible authoritative delegations (e.g., on DOI attribution, long term preservation...) and to whom; proposing a Data Management Plan template to support science teams when applying for fundings. Those actions are all aiming at building a generic Data Management Plan for the Observatory, that would propose rules and practices for preserving, distribution and sharing science products.The PADC team is deeply involved in data-related international data alliances, such as the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA), the International Planetary Data Alliance (IPDA), and the Research Data Alliance (RDA). This is ensuring that: (a) this study is conducted with up-to-date technologies and concepts, and that (b) the results of the study will be discussed and advertised in those international contexts

Generation of llama single-domain antibodies against methotrexate, a prototypical hapten.

Single-domain antibodies specific to methotrexate (MTX) were obtained after immunization of one llama (Llama glama). Specific VHH domains (V-D-J-REGION) were selected by panning from an immune-llama library using phage display technology. The antibody fragments specific to MTX were purified from Escherichia coli (C41 strain) periplasm by immobilized metal affinity chromatography with an expression level of around 10mg/L. A single band around 16,000Da corresponding to VHH fragments was found after analysis by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, while competition ELISA demonstrated selective binding to soluble MTX. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis showed that anti-MTX VHH domains had affinities in the nanomolar range (29-515nM) to MTX-serum albumin conjugates. The genes encoding anti-MTX VHH were found by IMGT/V-QUEST to be similar to the previously reported llama and human IGHV germline genes. The V-D and D-J junction rearrangements in the seven anti-MTX CDR3 sequences indicate that they were originated from three distinct progenitor B cells. Our results demonstrate that camelid single-domain antibodies are capable of high affinity binding to low molecular weight hydrosoluble haptens. Furthermore, these anti-MTX VHH give new insights on how the antigen binding repertoire of llama single-domain antibody can provide combining sites to haptens in the absence of a VL. This type of single-domain antibodies offers advantages compared to murine recombinant antibodies in terms of production rate and sequence similarity to the human IGHV3 subgroup genes

ATF4-Dependent NRF2 Transcriptional Regulation Promotes Antioxidant Protection during Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

International audienceEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induce apoptosis if left unabated. To limit oxidative insults, the ER stress PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum Kinase (PERK) has been reported to phosphorylate and activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). Here, we uncover an alternative mechanism for PERK-mediated NRF2 regulation in human cells that does not require direct phosphorylation. We show that the activation of the PERK pathway rapidly stimulates the expression of NRF2 through activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). In addition, NRF2 activation is late and largely driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during late protein synthesis recovery, contributing to protecting against cell death. Thus, PERK-mediated NRF2 activation encompasses a PERK-ATF4-dependent control of NRF2 expression that contributes to the NRF2 protective response engaged during ER stress-induced ROS production

Hauts-de-France, Nord, Lille, rue Malpart, rue Lydéric et place Gentil Muiron : rapport de diagnostic

Les sondages réalisés mettent en évidence une occupation continue de la parcelle à partir de la fin du XIIe - début de XIIIe siècle. La première phase s’établit entre la fin du XIIe siècle ou le début du XIIIe et le XIVe siècle et correspond à l’occupation précédant la fondation de l’hospice en 1460. Les niveaux archéologiques de cette première phase sont présents dans l’ensemble des sondages. Ils sont en général assez bien conservés. Ces vestiges permettent d’avoir des indications sur l’organisation de l’îlot urbain dans son ensemble, et ouvrent de nombreuses interrogations. Ils se composent de niveaux de rue appartenant à la rue du Bois Saint-Sauveur (supprimée en 1960) et de niveaux d’habitats et de jardins dans la partie haute. Dans la partie basse, des niveaux d’épandages et de remblais scellent de larges fosses au comblement organique et phosphaté. Deux fossés bordant les limites de l’îlot médiéval sont mis en place au moins au cours du XIIIe siècle. À l’intérieur de l’îlot, le fossé 1240 définit une limite parcellaire qui semble se maintenir dans les phases d’habitat postérieures. Il est probable qu’une zone d’habitat se mette en place en front de rue du côté de la rue du Bois Saint-Sauveur dès le début du XIIIe siècle. Bien que cet habitat n’ait été mis au jour clairement que dans le sondage 4, la multiplication des fosses de rejets domestiques de la même période dans la tranchée 3 laisse présager une occupation plus dense que celle perçue dans ce seul sondage. Ces fosses pourrait offrir par ailleurs des ensembles clos permettant une approche fine de la culture matérielle. La rue du Bois Saint-Sauveur qui desservait ces habitations est d’une grande qualité pour la période et compte tenu de sa situation. Il s’agit en effet d’une voie secondaire à la rue des Malades (actuellement rue de Paris).En contrebas des habitats et de leurs jardins, on trouve de larges fosses quadrangulaires comblées par un sédiment phosphaté, des niveaux de jardins non bioturbés et également phosphatés, ainsi que des rejets de forges dans le fossé 1029. Ces éléments sont autant d’indices d’une activité non définie (artisanat ?) qui longerait la rue Malpart et l’emplacement supposé des terreaux de la muraille médiévale. L’ensemble donne l’impression d’une répartition bien différencié des activités et de l’habitat entre le côté rue du Bois Saint-Sauveur et le côté rue Malpart.Si les limites nord et sud de la parcelle semblent claires, la limite ouest vers la terrée du rempart médiéval n’a pas été mise en évidence dans le cadre du diagnostic. La position même de ce rempart est difficile à évaluer. La présence du fossé 1029 en tranchée 1 repousse le départ d’une éventuelle levée de terre au moins sous la rampe d’accès du chantier, zone inaccessible au moment de l’opération.La seconde phase commence à la fondation de l’hospice Gantois et couvre le XVIe siècle. La fondation de l’hospice Gantois en lieu et place de la cense de Georges de Bruges en 1460 marque un tournant important dans l’occupation des lieux. En transformant les terrains en jardins et cimetière, l’hospice arrête la densification de la parcelle.L’étude céramique montre un hiatus chronologique pour le XVe siècle, peut-être lié à l’installation de l’hospice. Dans la zone basse, côté rue Malpart, le cimetière des chartriers est installé. Bien que le cimetière n’ait été dégagé que sur 44 m², il est probable qu’il soit plus étendu. Lors de la fouille de l’hospice Gantois en 2002, deux sépultures avaient été retrouvées sur l’emplacement de l’extension de l’hôtel. Il est donc possible que des sépultures se trouvent également conservées entre la clôture de l’hôtel Gantois et le sous-sol de la maternité. La zone découverte montre quant à elle un cimetière dense avec de fréquents recoupements. Celui-ci nous permet d’appréhender la population hébergée par l’hospice. Si les statuts de 1467 désigne une population mixte, pauvre et âgée, les sépultures testées dans ce cimetière montrent des individus, certes âgés, mais avec des pathologies visibles aux yeux de leurs contemporains. L’étude biologique de cette population complétée par une étude d’archives pourrait apporter des éléments significatifs sur les conditions de vie et sur la prise en charge de cette population dans la société médiévale et moderne.Durant cette seconde phase, des maisons de louage construites sur le côté nord maintiennent une occupation uniquement en front de rue et la rue du Bois Saint-Sauveur continue d’être entretenue régulièrement. Vers l’ouest, les vestiges découverts ne permettent pas d’établir la limite de l’îlot.La dernière large phase couvre la période allant du XVIIe siècle au XXe siècle et est marqué par la construction du rempart moderne, modifié par Vauban et son démantèlement. De nombreux changements interviennent alors sur la bordure ouest de l’emprise qui sont dus à l’évolution de la muraille. Les vestiges de cette phase se concentrent dans la partie basse du terrain. Dans la zone haute, les terrains toujours contenus dans l’enclos de l’hospice, sont préservés de la densification du quartier pendant le XIXe siècle. Le rempart moderne mis au jour, qui pourrait être celui de l’extension de 1603 est très altéré. Toutefois, son tracé rentrant ne trouve pas de solution de continuité dans la tranchée 1, la question de son lien avec la fortification du bas Moyen Âge reste donc ouverte