Mongolian spot with involvement of the frontal area

Mongolian spots are congenital hyperpigmented macules of varying size and shape and are usually grayish in color. They occurcommonly in the sacrococcygeal area, followed by the gluteal and lumbar areas. We report a Chinese infant with a Mongolian spotin the frontal area; the occurrence of a Mongolian spot in this location is considered exceptional. Awareness of such an occurrence isimportant, and hence that a false accusation of child abuse is not made

A simple probabilistic construction yielding generalized entropies and divergences, escort distributions and q-Gaussians

We give a simple probabilistic description of a transition between two states which leads to a generalized escort distribution. When the parameter of the distribution varies, it defines a parametric curve that we call an escort-path. The R\'enyi divergence appears as a natural by-product of the setting. We study the dynamics of the Fisher information on this path, and show in particular that the thermodynamic divergence is proportional to Jeffreys' divergence. Next, we consider the problem of inferring a distribution on the escort-path, subject to generalized moments constraints. We show that our setting naturally induces a rationale for the minimization of the R\'enyi information divergence. Then, we derive the optimum distribution as a generalized q-Gaussian distribution

Bayesian Bounds on Parameter Estimation Accuracy for Compact Coalescing Binary Gravitational Wave Signals

A global network of laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors is projected to be in operation by around the turn of the century. Here, the noisy output of a single instrument is examined. A gravitational wave is assumed to have been detected in the data and we deal with the subsequent problem of parameter estimation. Specifically, we investigate theoretical lower bounds on the minimum mean-square errors associated with measuring the parameters of the inspiral waveform generated by an orbiting system of neutron stars/black holes. Three theoretical lower bounds on parameter estimation accuracy are considered: the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB); the Weiss-Weinstein bound (WWB); and the Ziv-Zakai bound (ZZB). We obtain the WWB and ZZB for the Newtonian-form of the coalescing binary waveform, and compare them with published CRB and numerical Monte-Carlo results. At large SNR, we find that the theoretical bounds are all identical and are attained by the Monte-Carlo results. As SNR gradually drops below 10, the WWB and ZZB are both found to provide increasingly tighter lower bounds than the CRB. However, at these levels of moderate SNR, there is a significant departure between all the bounds and the numerical Monte-Carlo results.Comment: 17 pages (LaTeX), 4 figures. Submitted to Physical Review

Low-Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Processes for “Green” Third Generation Photovoltaics

Special Issue: Plasma Processing of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage.International audienceAtmospheric pressure plasmas (APPs) have achieved great scientific and technological advances for a wide range of applications. The synthesis and treatment of materials by APPs have always attracted great attention due to potential economic benefits if compared to low-pressure plasma processes. Nonetheless, APPs present very distinctive features that suggest atmospheric pressure operation could bring other benefits for emerging new technologies. In particular, materials synthesized by APPs which are suitable candidates for third generation photovoltaics are reviewed here

Fostering Growth Mindset To Facilitate Learning

The culture around success is one that breeds hesitancy among our youth: students seek out opportunities that suit their strengths and shy away from challenges because they view struggle as failure. The growth mindset, a term coined by psychologist Carol Dweck, redefines success. She posits that it is not enough to merely create a successful product; an imperative component of success is the process, which includes perseverance through struggle in order for true success to be achieved. The notion of growth mindset can be difficult to reconcile within the confines of the traditional classroom where student work is assessed, often, based on results and not process. In our ever-changing global society, many parents value grades and view report cards as the epitome of achievement. Interviews conducted with three teachers, coupled with reviews of the literature seek to bring to light how teachers can begin to temper growth mindset ideals with the realities of the classroom. This research explores how classroom teachers can facilitate learning in the classroom through fostering growth mindset ideals. The interviews with the three teachers yielded some valuable findings, many of which have implications for other practicing teachers. For instance, all three teachers noticed a marked improvement in student participation and learning, after implementing the growth mindset in their classrooms. Similarly, they noticed that these improvements were not limited to “low achieving” students, and in fact had positive implications for all students. The literature review revealed a consistency with the findings, which were gleaned through the teacher interviews. Many of the teacher comments were supported by Ontario Ministry documents such as Growing Success. The research suggests that teachers should bring growth mindset into the classroom to improve students’ learning