Stress oxydant et pathologie diabétique à l’île de La Réunion – Identification et caractérisation des propriétés structurales et fonctionnelles de l’albumine glyquée

Albumin constitutes the major circulating protein in blood and represents a very beneficial biological actor through its multifunctional properties such as antioxidant activities and drug binding capacities. But, in hyperglycemic conditions, such as those encountered in diabetes, albumin can undergo glycoxidative modifications which may impact the protein quality. Objectives of my thesis were to clarify the impact of glycoxidative modification of albumin on its structure and its functions and to determine whether such impairments may be encountered in albumin purified from diabetics. The occurrence of structural and oxidative modifications were found to be enhanced in in vitro glycoxidized HSA and albumin purified from diabetics, after determination of their free thiol group content, relative electrophoretic migration, carbonyl content, fructosamines and antioxidant activities. In addition, glycoxidized albumins exhibited impaired pharmaceutic molecule binding capacities and reduced esterase activities. Also, cells treated with glycoxidized albumin purified from diabetics, exhibited a proinflammatory state even more exacerbated than those incubated with in vitro glycated albumins. We evidenced the triggering action of metals (copper and iron) on glycoxidative-induced modifications in albumin. This work needs further studies and opens doors to many perspectives aiming to reach a better understanding of glycoxidative modification of albumin in diabetic patients.La glycoxydation est un processus délétère directement impliqué dans la pathologie diabétique. Ce phénomène touche principalement les protéines circulantes. Une des cibles majoritaires de ce phénomène est l'albumine, protéine plasmatique la plus abondante. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse vise une meilleure compréhension du phénomène de glycoxydation dans le diabète. Pour cela, les conséquences fonctionnelles et physiologiques liées aux altérations structurales et biochimiques de l'albumine glyquée ont été étudiées, à travers la comparaison d'un modèle d'albumine glyquée in vivo purifiée de patients diabétiques avec celui correspondant à la protéine glyquée par un processus in vitro. Notre étude montre des modifications de type structural et oxydatif attestées par des mesures de fluorescence (accessibilité du tryptophane) et de groupements spécifiques comme les fructosamines, les amines primaires, résidus thiols et carbonyles. D'un point de vue fonctionnel, l'albumine glyquée purifiée de patients diabétiques exerce, sur des cultures cellulaire, un effet proinflammatoire et prooxydant, encore plus marqué que ne le fait l'albumine glyquée in vitro. Également, les capacités de liaison de l'albumine avec les médicaments ainsi que l'activité estérase diminuent avec le phénomène de glycation. Les résultats de cette étude apportent de nouveaux éléments de compréhension sur le phénomène de glycation de l'albumine tel qui pourrait apparaitre dans la pathologie diabétique et ouvre de nouvelles pistes d'études sur l'impact réel des AGEs issus de l'albumine dans des désordres physiologiques inhérents à cette pathologie

Deciphering metal-induced oxidative damages on glycated albumin structure and function

Background: Metal ions such as copper or zinc are involved in the development of neurodegenerative pathologies and metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Albumin structure and functions are impaired following metal- and glucose-mediated oxidative alterations. The aim of this study was to elucidate effects of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions on glucose-induced modifications in albumin by focusing on glycation, aggregation, oxidation and functional aspects. Methods: Aggregation and conformational changes in albumin were monitored by spectroscopy, fluorescence and microscopy techniques. Biochemical assays such as carbonyl, thiol groups, albumin-bound Cu, fructosamine and amine group measurements were used. Cellular assays were used to gain functional information concerning antioxidant activity of oxidized albumins. Results: Both metals promoted inhibition of albumin glycation associated with an enhanced aggregation and oxidation process. Metal ions gave rise to the formation of β-amyloid type aggregates in albumin exhibiting impaired antioxidant properties and toxic activity to murine microglia cells (BV2). The differential efficiency of both metal ions to inhibit albumin glycation, to promote aggregation and to affect cellular physiology is compared. Conclusions and general significance: Considering the key role of oxidized protein in pathology complications, glycation-mediated and metal ion-induced impairment of albumin properties might be important parameters to be followed and fought. © 2013 Elsevier B.V

Oxidant stress and diabetes – Deciphering structural and functional impacts of glycoxidation on human albumin

La glycoxydation est un processus délétère directement impliqué dans la pathologie diabétique. Ce phénomène touche principalement les protéines circulantes. Une des cibles majoritaires de ce phénomène est l'albumine, protéine plasmatique la plus abondante. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse vise une meilleure compréhension du phénomène de glycoxydation dans le diabète. Pour cela, les conséquences fonctionnelles et physiologiques liées aux altérations structurales et biochimiques de l'albumine glyquée ont été étudiées, à travers la comparaison d'un modèle d'albumine glyquée in vivo purifiée de patients diabétiques avec celui correspondant à la protéine glyquée par un processus in vitro. Notre étude montre des modifications de type structural et oxydatif attestées par des mesures de fluorescence (accessibilité du tryptophane) et de groupements spécifiques comme les fructosamines, les amines primaires, résidus thiols et carbonyles. D'un point de vue fonctionnel, l'albumine glyquée purifiée de patients diabétiques exerce, sur des cultures cellulaire, un effet proinflammatoire et prooxydant, encore plus marqué que ne le fait l'albumine glyquée in vitro. Également, les capacités de liaison de l'albumine avec les médicaments ainsi que l'activité estérase diminuent avec le phénomène de glycation. Les résultats de cette étude apportent de nouveaux éléments de compréhension sur le phénomène de glycation de l'albumine tel qui pourrait apparaitre dans la pathologie diabétique et ouvre de nouvelles pistes d'études sur l'impact réel des AGEs issus de l'albumine dans des désordres physiologiques inhérents à cette pathologie.Albumin constitutes the major circulating protein in blood and represents a very beneficial biological actor through its multifunctional properties such as antioxidant activities and drug binding capacities. But, in hyperglycemic conditions, such as those encountered in diabetes, albumin can undergo glycoxidative modifications which may impact the protein quality. Objectives of my thesis were to clarify the impact of glycoxidative modification of albumin on its structure and its functions and to determine whether such impairments may be encountered in albumin purified from diabetics. The occurrence of structural and oxidative modifications were found to be enhanced in in vitro glycoxidized HSA and albumin purified from diabetics, after determination of their free thiol group content, relative electrophoretic migration, carbonyl content, fructosamines and antioxidant activities. In addition, glycoxidized albumins exhibited impaired pharmaceutic molecule binding capacities and reduced esterase activities. Also, cells treated with glycoxidized albumin purified from diabetics, exhibited a proinflammatory state even more exacerbated than those incubated with in vitro glycated albumins. We evidenced the triggering action of metals (copper and iron) on glycoxidative-induced modifications in albumin. This work needs further studies and opens doors to many perspectives aiming to reach a better understanding of glycoxidative modification of albumin in diabetic patients

Opinion: What is the scale on my histological drawings? A blood tip at la Reunion Island University

No Abstrac

Oxidatives stress and adipocyte biology : focus on therole of AGEs

CITATION: Boyer, F. et al. 2015. Oxidatives stress and adipocyte biology : focus on therole of AGEs, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Article ID 534873, doi:10.1155/2015/534873.The original publication is available at https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omclDiabetes is a major health problem that is usually associated with obesity, together with hyperglycemia and increased advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) formation. Elevated AGEs elicit severe downstream consequences via their binding to receptors of AGEs (RAGE). This includes oxidative stress and oxidative modifications of biological compounds together with heightened inflammation. For example, albumin (major circulating protein) undergoes increased glycoxidation with diabetes and may represent an important biomarker for monitoring diabetic pathophysiology. Despite the central role of adipose tissue in many physiologic/pathologic processes, recognition of the effects of greater AGEs formation in this tissue is quite recent within the obesity/diabetes context. This review provides a brief background of AGEs formation and adipose tissue biology and thereafter discusses the impact of AGEs-adipocyte interactions in pathology progression. Novel data are included showing how AGEs (especially glycated albumin) may be involved in hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage in adipocytes and its potential links to diabetes progression.https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2015/534873/Publisher's versio

Glycation alters ligand binding, enzymatic, and pharmacological properties of human albumin

Albumin, the major circulating protein in blood plasma, can be subjected to an increased level of glycation in a diabetic context. Albumin exerts crucial pharmacological activities through its drug binding capacity, i.e., ketoprofen, and via its esterase-like activity, allowing the conversion of prodrugs into active drugs. In this study, the impact of the glucose-mediated glycation on the pharmacological and biochemical properties of human albumin was investigated. Aggregation product levels and the redox state were quantified to assess the impact of glycation-mediated changes on the structural properties of albumin. Glucose-mediated changes in ketoprofen binding properties and esterase-like activity were evaluated using fluorescence spectroscopy and p-nitrophenyl acetate hydrolysis assays, respectively. With the exception of oxidative parameters, significant dose-dependent alterations in biochemical and functional properties of in vitro glycated albumin were observed. We also found that the dose-dependent increase in levels of glycation and protein aggregation and average molecular mass changes correlated with a gradual decrease in the affinity of albumin for ketoprofen and its esterase-like property. In parallel, significant alterations in both pharmacological properties were also evidenced in albumin purified from diabetic patients. Partial least-squares regression analyses established a significant correlation between glycation-mediated changes in biochemical and pharmacological properties of albumin, highlighting the important role for glycation in the variability of the drug response in a diabetic situation