Maintaining Database Integrity Using Data Macros In Microsoft Access

The introduction of Data Macros in Microsoft Access 2010 addresses a major shortcoming of Access in enforcing business rules associated with a database application. Specifically, data macros remove the onerous “coordination” across data entry/update forms touching a base table in order to enforce semantic integrity constraints. More importantly, similar to triggers in SQL, Access data macros allow users to update tables by direct datasheet edits or explicit SQL update while enforcing that any update violating an integrity constraint is rejected. This paper categorizes semantic integrity constraints and presents the approach to implement each of the five categories in Microsoft Access using data macros

Lipid bilayers decorated with photosensitive ruthenium complexes

In this thesis the thermal- and photo-substitution behavior of polypyridyl ruthenium complexes is described at the surface of lipid bilayers and in homogeneous solutions. It is shown that the successive thermal binding and light-induced unbinding of the cationic ruthenium complex at the surface of the lipid bilayer requires negatively charged liposomes and ruthenium complexes containing moderately hindered N-N bidentate ligands. Our results in homogeneous solution show that changing the steric hindrance of the bidentate ligand influences both the photo- and thermal reactivities of these complexes, by altering the mechanism of the Ru-S bond formation. It is also shown that the Ru-S bond formation at the surface of negative lipid bilayers is faster than the same reaction in homogenous aqueous solutions, and a two-steps mechanism is proposed for the thermal coordination of ruthenium aqua complexes at membrane-embedded ligands. Furthermore, the application of ruthenium-functionalized liposomes in drug delivery is discussed. In vitro tests on cancer cell lines show that neutral liposomes functionalized with ruthenium compounds are more readily taken up by cancer cells than ruthenium-free liposomes. The liposome samples with ruthenium compounds are shown to be poorly cytotoxic in the dark. After light irradiation, the cytotoxicity increased at least up to five times for ruthenium complexes supported on non-PEGylated liposomes. Finally, the photoactivation of polypyridyl complexes with low-energy photons was studied using a photosensitization approach. A photosubstitution reaction was made faster upon yellow light irradiation than upon blue light irradiation by covalently linking a rhodamine B dye to the ruthenium complex.Metals in Catalysis, Biomimetics & Inorganic Material

Targeted anion transporter delivery by coiled-coil driven membrane fusion

Synthetic anion transporters (anionophores) have potential as biomedical research tools and therapeutics. However, the efficient and specific delivery of these highly lipophilic molecules to a target cell membrane is non-trivial. Here, we investigate the delivery of a powerful anionophore to artificial and cell membranes using a coiled-coil-based delivery system inspired by SNARE membrane fusion proteins. Incorporation of complementary lipopeptides into the lipid membranes of liposomes and cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) facilitated the delivery of a powerful anionophore into GUVs, where its anion transport activity was monitored in real time by fluorescence microscopy. Similar results were achieved using live cells engineered to express a halide-sensitive fluorophore. We conclude that coiled-coil driven membrane fusion is a highly efficient system to deliver anionophores to target cell membranes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Synthesis and Avidin Binding of Ruthenium Complexes Functionalized with a Light-Cleavable Free Biotin Moiety

Metals in Catalysis, Biomimetics & Inorganic Material

Dielectric‐modulated biosensing with ultrahigh‐frequency‐operated graphene field‐effect transistors

Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistr

Judicious Ligand Design in Ruthenium Polypyridyl CO2 Reduction Catalysts to Enhance Reactivity by Steric and Electronic Effects

A series of RuII polypyridyl complexes of the structural design [RuII(R−tpy)(NN)(CH3CN)]2+ (R−tpy=2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine (R=H) or 4,4′,4′′-tri-tert-butyl-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine (R=tBu); NN=2,2′-bipyridine with methyl substituents in various positions) have been synthesized and analyzed for their ability to function as electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to CO. Detailed electrochemical analyses establish how substitutions at different ring positions of the bipyridine and terpyridine ligands can have profound electronic and, even more importantly, steric effects that determine the complexes’ reactivities. Whereas electron-donating groups para to the heteroatoms exhibit the expected electronic effect, with an increase in turnover frequencies at increased overpotential, the introduction of a methyl group at the ortho position of NN imposes drastic steric effects. Two complexes, [RuII(tpy)(6-mbpy)(CH3CN)]2+ (trans-[3]2+; 6-mbpy=6-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine) and [RuII(tBu−tpy)(6-mbpy)(CH3CN)]2+ (trans-[4]2+), in which the methyl group of the 6-mbpy ligand is trans to the CH3CN ligand, show electrocatalytic CO2 reduction at a previously unreactive oxidation state of the complex. This low overpotential pathway follows an ECE mechanism (electron transfer–chemical reaction–electron transfer), and is a direct result of steric interactions that facilitate CH3CN ligand dissociation, CO2 coordination, and ultimately catalytic turnover at the first reduction potential of the complexes. All experimental observations are rigorously corroborated by DFT calculations

Investigating benefits and limitations of applying e-procurement in B2B Automakers companies in Iran

According to severe competition of big automakers in the world with Iran auto manufacturers based on free importing of foreign cars into Iran market, on the other hand well established of many managerial systems in well known foreign car brands, Iranian manufacturer should replace ancient with newest one. Moreover, jointing to the WTO which is another target of Iranian automakers makes this situation clear that we have to present new methods. E-procurement will be one of the solutions for improvement competition capability in automotive industry in Iran. This research aims to investigate to find out to exploring the degree of e-procurement usage and finding benefits and limitations of applying in automotive companies in Iran. To this end a qualitative approach was used and multiple case studies were conducted. This research investigated 5 main automotive Iranian Companies: 1- Sapco exclusive supplier of Iran khodro. 2- Saze Gostare Saipa exclusive supplier of Saipa 3- Topco 4- Zamiad 5- Sanaye Khodro Sazi Kerman. Eventually I could achieve to below finding and conclusion based on research questions: 1. To what degree automakers are using e-procurement for obtaining parts or components in Iran? The conclusion of this research shows the e-procurement is using in most of famous car manufacturing Company for providing of the parts from abroad and in some cases from Iran. Although all process of the e-procurement cannot do in Iran because of some lack in infrastructure which are needed such as e-payment or e-tendering. The main problem for e-payment is Iran banks sanction situation by Westerns countries. 2. What are the benefits of applying e-procurement in automotive B2B Company in Iran? The conclusion of this research shows the benefits of applying e- procurement in main famous car manufacturing Companies in Iran are 1- shortened procurement cycle time which is accepted by the all these Companies. 2-Reduce transaction and administration costs. Based on e- solution for these companies making the paperless system will make this benefit for companies.3- improved visibility of the customer demand and supply chain. 4- Rapid decision making 5- precise decision making. Based on my research in case of reduced operating and inventory which is suggested by the theory, it has rejected by most of them only Topco Company accepted. 3. What are the limits of applying e-procurement in automotive B2B Company in Iran? The conclusion of this research shows the limits of applying e-procurement in main famous car manufacturing Companies in Iran are 1- inadequate technological infrastructure 2- Inadequate technological infrastructure of partners 3- lack of integration with Business partners and their co- operation 4- regulatory and legal controls Based on our research in case of lack of skilled personnel only Sanaye Khodrosazi Kerman accepted this limit the rest did not accept it. Another case is about implementation costs which are accepted by none of them. Also Company culture which is presented by the theory is accepted by Zamyad and Sanaye khodrosazi kerman. Moreover security is selected by two Companies such as Sapco and Sazeh Gostar Saipa. I think one the most important point is experience because of e-procurement is completely new subject still Companies did not touch enough experience related to the case. Beside upper manager support case due to universal attention of the B2B Companies mangers have enough enthusiasm for supporting the e-procurement implementation.Validerat; 20101217 (root