56 research outputs found

    Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV Infection Using Prospective Cohort Data from the D:A:D Study

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    Ristola M. on työryhmien DAD Study Grp ; Royal Free Hosp Clin Cohort ; INSIGHT Study Grp ; SMART Study Grp ; ESPRIT Study Grp jäsen.Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue for HIV-positive individuals, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Development and implementation of a risk score model for CKD would allow comparison of the risks and benefits of adding potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals to a treatment regimen and would identify those at greatest risk of CKD. The aims of this study were to develop a simple, externally validated, and widely applicable long-term risk score model for CKD in HIV-positive individuals that can guide decision making in clinical practice. Methods and Findings A total of 17,954 HIV-positive individuals from the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study with >= 3 estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values after 1 January 2004 were included. Baseline was defined as the first eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 after 1 January 2004; individuals with exposure to tenofovir, atazanavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, other boosted protease inhibitors before baseline were excluded. CKD was defined as confirmed (>3 mo apart) eGFR In the D:A:D study, 641 individuals developed CKD during 103,185 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; incidence 6.2/1,000 PYFU, 95% CI 5.7-6.7; median follow-up 6.1 y, range 0.3-9.1 y). Older age, intravenous drug use, hepatitis C coinfection, lower baseline eGFR, female gender, lower CD4 count nadir, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) predicted CKD. The adjusted incidence rate ratios of these nine categorical variables were scaled and summed to create the risk score. The median risk score at baseline was -2 (interquartile range -4 to 2). There was a 1: 393 chance of developing CKD in the next 5 y in the low risk group (risk score = 5, 505 events), respectively. Number needed to harm (NNTH) at 5 y when starting unboosted atazanavir or lopinavir/ritonavir among those with a low risk score was 1,702 (95% CI 1,166-3,367); NNTH was 202 (95% CI 159-278) and 21 (95% CI 19-23), respectively, for those with a medium and high risk score. NNTH was 739 (95% CI 506-1462), 88 (95% CI 69-121), and 9 (95% CI 8-10) for those with a low, medium, and high risk score, respectively, starting tenofovir, atazanavir/ritonavir, or another boosted protease inhibitor. The Royal Free Hospital Clinic Cohort included 2,548 individuals, of whom 94 individuals developed CKD (3.7%) during 18,376 PYFU (median follow-up 7.4 y, range 0.3-12.7 y). Of 2,013 individuals included from the SMART/ESPRIT control arms, 32 individuals developed CKD (1.6%) during 8,452 PYFU (median follow-up 4.1 y, range 0.6-8.1 y). External validation showed that the risk score predicted well in these cohorts. Limitations of this study included limited data on race and no information on proteinuria. Conclusions Both traditional and HIV-related risk factors were predictive of CKD. These factors were used to develop a risk score for CKD in HIV infection, externally validated, that has direct clinical relevance for patients and clinicians to weigh the benefits of certain antiretrovirals against the risk of CKD and to identify those at greatest risk of CKD.Peer reviewe

    Les pratiques de piété des laïcs dans les pays du Bas-Rhône aux XIe et et XIIe siècles

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    Blanc Colette. Les pratiques de piété des laïcs dans les pays du Bas-Rhône aux XIe et et XIIe siècles. In: Annales du Midi : revue archéologique, historique et philologique de la France méridionale, Tome 72, N°50, 1960. pp. 137-147

    Un village de la vallée du Sénégal : Amadi-Ounaré

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    Le Blanc Colette. Un village de la vallée du Sénégal : Amadi-Ounaré. In: Cahiers d'outre-mer. N° 66 - 17e année, Avril-juin 1964. pp. 117-148

    Intégration de commandes vocales dans un environnement d'apprentissage par l'action (enjeux ergonomiques)

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    Notre travail porte sur l'étude de l'apport ergonomique de commandes vocales dans un EIAH (Environnement Informatique pour l'Apprentissage Humain). Trois expérimentations ont été conduites avec des élèves de seconde : l'une en magicien d'Oz et les deux autres à l'aide d'un système de reconnaissance vocal réel. Les principaux résultats sont : la capacité d'une interaction basée sur des commandesvocales conçues selon le principe d'"ancrage" à faciliter la prise en main de l'interface EIAH. La capacité des commandes vocales à contribuer aux objectifs d'apprentissage d'un EIAH en faisant bénéficier l'apprenant d'une modalité de représentation (i.e verbale) supplémentaire.L'extension du principe ergonomique de "consistance" à la conception des commandes dans les interfaces multimodales.GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Les blattes. Un animal de ville à toutes saisons

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    Colette Rivault, Nicole Mathieu, Anne Cloarec, Nathalie Blanc Die Schaben Die Schabe liebt konstante Wärme und Luftfeuchtigkeit, wie sie in menschlichen Behausungen in der Stadt anzutreffen sind. Ihre Existenz gilt als die Kehrseite des neuzeitlichen Komforts und seiner wohligen Wärme.Colette Rivault, Nicole Mathieu, Anne Cloarec, Nathalie Blanc, Cockroaches The cockroach lives in an urban environment where heat and humidity are constant, namely in flats. They are perceived in a negative way as the underside of the cosiness of modern comforts.Les blattes habitent un milieu urbain aux données de chaleur et d'hygrométrie constantes : les appartements. Elles sont perçues négativement comme le contrecoup de la tiédeur douillette du confort moderne.Colette Rivault, Nicole Mathieu, Anne Cloarec, Nathalie Blanc, Las cucarachas La cucaracha habita un medio urbano dotado de características caloríficas e higrométricas constantes : los aparta-mentos ; siendo percibidas de manera negativa, como la consecuencia de la blanda tibieza del confort moderno.Rivault Colette, Mathieu Nicole, Cloarec Anne, Blanc Nathalie. Les blattes. Un animal de ville à toutes saisons. In: Les Annales de la recherche urbaine, N°61, 1993. Les saisons dans la ville. pp. 33-39
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