THE COSTS OF THE RICE MILLING INDUSTRY IN EGYPT

This research aims to study the costs of rice multiplication in order to identify the various factors that led to the high costs of beating rice in recent years. The research relied mainly on primary data from the sample of the study collected through field visits and interviews to obtain the sample data Was selected, and a random sample was selected at the level of the provinces and then at the level of centers and then at the level of villages and the number of speculators in the sample of 25 peddles  distributed in the following areas three rackets in the center of Klin, Sheikh and eight rackets power center in Kafr El-Sheikh4  The problem is that there is an increase in the costs of the process of beating rice, which indicates the importance of studying the components of these costs in terms of different items and factors affecting them and the most important problems facing the industry and how to overcome them and thus Access to weaknesses and inefficiencies to raise the efficiency of this industry and propose the most appropriate solutions to improve the efficiency of this industry to achieve the lowest costs

Lysozyme under holder pasteurized denaturation enhance the antioxidant's stability and quality attributes of functional yogurt

This research investigated the antioxidant activities and quality characteristics of functional yogurt supplemented with naturally derived protein, specifically lysozyme (LZ), as well as its thermally modified variants PLZ treated at 63°C for 30 minutes (hold type pasteurization method) and BLZ treated at 100°C for 10 minutes (using boiling temperature). Among these variants, the best antioxidant capacity was reported for PLZ, followed by BLZ and LZ. Subsequently, different yogurt samples (YCtrl, YLZ, YPLZ, and YBLZ) were prepared. Through weekly assessments, YPLZ consistently retained the highest antioxidant capacity. Moreover, YPLZ received the highest sensory evaluation scores with the best microbiological quality until the end of the examination period up to 35 days at 4 ±1°C. It was noted that PLZ displayed increased surface hydrophobicity due to gradual thermal denaturation, leading to structural changes and weak cross-dimerization with native milk alpha-lactalbumin in YPLZ. Gel electrophoresis results suggested that proteolysis by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) could facilitate the formation of low-molecular-weight peptides with enhanced antioxidant stability via weak-force dimerization. In conclusion, yogurt fortified with lysozyme, processed using hold-type pasteurization, presents a promising avenue for developing functional yogurt with antioxidant properties

Mutations in DDHD2, Encoding an Intracellular Phospholipase A(1), Cause a Recessive Form of Complex Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia

Contains fulltext : 108770.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)We report on four families affected by a clinical presentation of complex hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) due to recessive mutations in DDHD2, encoding one of the three mammalian intracellular phospholipases A(1) (iPLA(1)). The core phenotype of this HSP syndrome consists of very early-onset (<2 years) spastic paraplegia, intellectual disability, and a specific pattern of brain abnormalities on cerebral imaging. An essential role for DDHD2 in the human CNS, and perhaps more specifically in synaptic functioning, is supported by a reduced number of active zones at synaptic terminals in Ddhd-knockdown Drosophila models. All identified mutations affect the protein's DDHD domain, which is vital for its phospholipase activity. In line with the function of DDHD2 in lipid metabolism and its role in the CNS, an abnormal lipid peak indicating accumulation of lipids was detected with cerebral magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which provides an applicable diagnostic biomarker that can distinguish the DDHD2 phenotype from other complex HSP phenotypes. We show that mutations in DDHD2 cause a specific complex HSP subtype (SPG54), thereby linking a member of the PLA(1) family to human neurologic disease