The Customs of the Year as Observed by the Pennsylvania Dutch

A typed folklore term paper completed at Franklin and Marshall College entitled, The Customs of the Year as Observed by the Pennsylvania Dutch , by Donald B. Aulenbach, dated June 1950. Within, Aulenbach compiles a detailed account of holidays and customs observed throughout the year by the Pennsylvania Dutch community, from Groundhog Day to Thanksgiving.https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/shoemaker_documents/1125/thumbnail.jp

FLOTATION TECHNOLOGY

Lawrence K. Wang, Nazih K. Shammas, William A. Selke, and Donald B. Aulenbach (2010). Flotation Technology, Humana Press, Springer Nature, USA. 680 pages. doi = 10.1007/978-1-60327-133-2; ISBN : 978-1-58829-494-4 ....... ABSTRACT: This flotation technology book has four special features: (a) Detailed coverage of the principles of air flotation technology and the fundamentals of water and wastewater flotation and lake restoration; (b) Special emphasis on industry standards, trends in the field, full-scale operation and laboratory simulation of air flotation processes; (c) Ample examples of actual operating water and wastewater treatment plants based on air flotation; and (d) Plenty reference of practical use to scientists, researchers, educators and designers of water and wastewater treatment systems. .... KEYWORDS: Oil Water Separation; Dissolved Air Flotation; Electrocoagulation Flotation; Electroflotation; Filtration; Gas Dissolution; Ozone-Oxygen Oxidation Flotation; Paper Mills; Meat Processing Waste Pretreatment; Seafood Processing Wastewater Pretreatment; Wastewater Flotation; Lake Restoration; Algae Separation; Water Quality and Water Pollution; Laboratory Simulation and Testing; Pittsfield Water Treatment Plant; RBC; UV; Recreational Wastewater Treatmen

The role of bedrock topography on subsurface storm flow

[1] We conducted a detailed study of subsurface flow and water table response coupled with digital terrain analysis (DTA) of surface and subsurface features at the hillslope scale in Panola Mountain Research Watershed (PMRW), Georgia. Subsurface storm flow contributions of macropore and matrix flow in different sections along an artificial trench face were highly variable in terms of timing, peak flow, recession characteristics, and total flow volume. The trench flow characteristics showed linkages with the spatial tensiometer response defining water table development upslope. DTA of the ground surface did not capture the observed spatial patterns of trench flow or tensiometric response. However, bedrock surface topographic indices significantly improved the estimation of spatial variation of flow at the trench. Point-scale tensiometric data were also more highly correlated with the bedrock surface-based indices. These relationships were further assessed for temporal changes throughout a rainstorm. Linkages between the bedrock indices and the trench flow and spatial water table responses improved during the wetter periods of the rainstorm, when the hillslope became more hydrologically connected. Our results clearly demonstrate that in developing a conceptual framework for understanding the mechanisms of runoff generation, local bedrock topography may be highly significant at the hillslope scale in some catchments where the bedrock surface acts as a relatively impermeable boundary

Ice nucleation processes in upper tropospheric wave-clouds observed during SUCCESS

We have compared in situ measurements near the leading-edges of wave-clouds observed during the SUCCESS experiment with numerical simulations. Observations of high supersaturations with respect to ice (> 50%) near the leading edge of a very cold wave cloud (T < -60°C) are approximately consistent with recent theoretical and laboratory studies suggesting that large supersaturations are required to homogeneously freeze sulfate aerosols. Also, the peak ice crystal number densities observed in this cloud (about 4 cm¯³) are consistent with the number densities calculated in our model. In the warmer wave-cloud (T ~ -37°C) relatively large ice number densities were observed (20-40 cm¯³). Our model calculations suggest that these large number densities are probably caused by activation of sulfate aerosols into liquid droplets followed by subsequent homogeneous freezing. If moderate numbers of effective heterogeneous freezing nuclei (0.5-1cm¯³) had been present in either of these clouds, then the number densities of ice crystals and the peak relative humidities should have been lower than the observed values

Seasonal pattern of regional carbon balance in the central Rocky Mountains from surface and airborne measurements

[1] High-elevation forests represent a large fraction of potential carbon uptake in North America, but this uptake is not well constrained by observations. Additionally, forests in the Rocky Mountains have recently been severely damaged by drought, fire, and insect outbreaks, which have been quantified at local scales but not assessed in terms of carbon uptake at regional scales. The Airborne Carbon in the Mountains Experiment was carried out in 2007 partly to assess carbon uptake in western U.S. mountain ecosystems. The magnitude and seasonal change of carbon uptake were quantified by (1) paired upwind-downwind airborne CO2 observations applied in a boundary layer budget, (2) a spatially explicit ecosystem model constrained using remote sensing and flux tower observations, and (3) a downscaled global tracer transport inversion. Top-down approaches had mean carbon uptake equivalent to flux tower observations at a subalpine forest, while the ecosystem model showed less. The techniques disagreed on temporal evolution. Regional carbon uptake was greatest in the early summer immediately following snowmelt and tended to lessen as the region experienced dry summer conditions. This reduction was more pronounced in the airborne budget and inversion than in flux tower or upscaling, possibly related to lower snow water availability in forests sampled by the aircraft, which were lower in elevation than the tower site. Changes in vegetative greenness associated with insect outbreaks were detected using satellite reflectance observations, but impacts on regional carbon cycling were unclear, highlighting the need to better quantify this emerging disturbance effect on montane forest carbon cycling