Study on rationality of different fixed dose drug combinations in tertiary care hospital: an evaluation study

Background: The fixed dose drug combinations (FDCs) of drugs is defined as product of two or more active ingredients in a defined composition. There is a need to study the pattern of prescription from time to time to evaluate their rationality. In this context we undertook this study to know the prescription pattern of FDC in our setting. To study the rationality of different prescribed FDCs.Methods: This is a prospective study which is carried out in NIMRA Institute of medical sciences which is a tertiary care teaching private hospital. For this study we have collected one thousand prescriptions of patients for 3 months that is from 10th March 2017 to 25th of June 2017 including both in-patients as well as outpatients. Selection criteria of patients mainly basing on their willingness to give prescriptions. Institutional ethical committee permission was taken for the study. The prescribed FDCs were compared with the essential drug list of FDCs approved by Drugs Controller General of India, July 2018.  we have used descriptive statistics to analyze data. The percentage of FDCs used in each class and their contribution to overall FDCs were calculated.Results: In a total of 2952 drugs were prescribed, of this 747 were FDCs and 2205 were non FDCs. In the prescribed FDCs 89.2% drugs were rational and 10.8% drugs were irrational.Conclusions: From this study, we can conclude that 10.8% of irrational prescription of fixed dose drug combinations are prescribed in Nimra Institute of Medical Sciences which is a tertiary care teaching private hospital

Tactics for Twenty20 cricket

This paper explores two avenues for the modification of tactics in Twenty20 cricket. The first idea is based on the realisation that wickets are of less importance in Twenty20 cricket than in other formats of cricket (e.g. one-day cricket and Test cricket). A consequence is that batting sides in Twenty20 cricket should place more emphasis on scoring runs and less emphasis on avoiding wickets falling. On the flip side, fielding sides should place more emphasis on preventing runs and less emphasis on taking wickets. Practical implementations of this general idea are obtained by simple modifications to batting orders and bowling overs. The second idea may be applicable when there exists a sizeable mismatch between two competing teams. In this case, the weaker team may be able to improve its win probability by increasing the variance of run differential. A specific variance inflation technique which we consider is increased aggressiveness in batting

Premature Centromere Division and Spontaneous Abortion

Premature Centromere Division (PCD) was observed in the chromosomes of metaphase spreads in a patient with the history of recurrent abortions. Short term leukocyte cultures were set up with blood sample from the woman with a history of recurrent abortions for the past four consequent years. 25 % of the metaphase spreads screened displayed premature centromere division of the chromosomes in each of the cells. This abnormal behavior of the centromeres may predispose the individual to cell division errors due to chromosome instability and the consequences of which may be a spontaneous abortion

Improving Power Quality with Non-Segregated Dynamic Voltage Restorer-Ultra capacitor Design

A product that might improve voltage sag and swell change and integration of energy storage is the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). Ultra capacitors, or UCAPs, are conducive in relieve voltage swells and sags which compose a challenge to high power for concise periods of time. In the end, both high power density and low energy density are consummate. One vital outcome of the ongoing study is that the DVR form accommodate rechargeable UCAP-based energy storage. When this system is assimilate, it will banish commitment for the grid to monitor for foible on the grid as long as the UCAPDVR system wield as an active power source and self-adjust to indemnify for unforeseen voltage swells and sags. An engrossing way to lessen sag is to utilize a dual-way DC-DC converter connected to an ultra-capacitor or dynamic voltage restorer to provide an accurate dc-link output voltage for the DVR. As a result of the integrated UCAP- DVR's advancement, speedy harmonic distortion is mitigated by reducing transient voltage swells and sags simultaneously. The PI controller will be leaned over other controllers in this specimen. A suggested framework is confirmed by virtue of, simulations using MATLAB/Simulink software

A highly efficient green synthesis of 1, 8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes

SmCl3 (20 mol%) has been used as an efficient catalyst for reaction between aromatic aldehydes and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione at 120°C to give 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives in high yield. The same reaction in water, at room temperature gave only the open chain analogue of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene. Use of eco-friendly green Lewis acid, readily available catalyst and easy isolation of the product makes this a convenient method for the synthesis of either of the products

The International Virus Bioinformatics Meeting 2023

The 2023 International Virus Bioinformatics Meeting was held in Valencia, Spain, from 24–26 May 2023, attracting approximately 180 participants worldwide. The primary objective of the conference was to establish a dynamic scientific environment conducive to discussion, collaboration, and the generation of novel research ideas. As the first in-person event following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the meeting facilitated highly interactive exchanges among attendees. It served as a pivotal gathering for gaining insights into the current status of virus bioinformatics research and engaging with leading researchers and emerging scientists. The event comprised eight invited talks, 19 contributed talks, and 74 poster presentations across eleven sessions spanning three days. Topics covered included machine learning, bacteriophages, virus discovery, virus classification, virus visualization, viral infection, viromics, molecular epidemiology, phylodynamic analysis, RNA viruses, viral sequence analysis, viral surveillance, and metagenomics. This report provides rewritten abstracts of the presentations, a summary of the key research findings, and highlights shared during the meeting

Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in two districts of Sri Lanka: a hospital based survey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is being increasingly diagnosed in Asia. However there are few epidemiological data from the region.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To determine prevalence and clinical characteristics of IBD, a hospital-based survey was performed in the Colombo and Gampaha districts (combined population 4.5 million) in Sri Lanka. Patients with established ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), who were permanent residents of these adjoining districts, were recruited from hospital registries and out-patient clinics. Clinical information was obtained from medical records and patient interviews.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were 295 cases of IBD (UC = 240, CD = 55), of which 34 (UC = 30, CD = 4) were newly diagnosed during the study year. The prevalence rate for UC was 5.3/100,000 (95% CI 5.0-5.6/100,000), and CD was 1.2/100,000 (95% CI 1.0-1.4/100,000). The incidence rates were 0.69/100,000 (95% CI 0.44-0.94/100,000) for UC and 0.09/100,000 (95% CI 0.002-0.18/100,000) for CD. Female:male ratios were 1.5 for UC and 1.0 for CD. Mean age at diagnosis was (males and females) 36.6 and 38.1y for UC and 33.4 and 36.2y for CD. Among UC patients, 51.1% had proctitis and at presentation 58.4% had mild disease. 80% of CD patients had only large bowel involvement. Few patients had undergone surgery.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The prevalence of IBD in this population was low compared to Western populations, but similar to some in Asia. There was a female preponderance for UC. UC was mainly mild, distal or left-sided, while CD mainly involved the large bowel.</p

Prevalence of chronic cough, its risk factors and population attributable risk in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study: a multinational cross-sectional study

© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)Background: Chronic cough is a common respiratory symptom with an impact on daily activities and quality of life. Global prevalence data are scarce and derive mainly from European and Asian countries and studies with outcomes other than chronic cough. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic cough across a large number of study sites as well as to identify its main risk factors using a standardised protocol and definition. Methods: We analysed cross-sectional data from 33,983 adults (≥40 years), recruited between Jan 2, 2003 and Dec 26, 2016, in 41 sites (34 countries) from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study. We estimated the prevalence of chronic cough for each site accounting for sampling design. To identify risk factors, we conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis within each site and then pooled estimates using random-effects meta-analysis. We also calculated the population attributable risk (PAR) associated with each of the identifed risk factors. Findings: The prevalence of chronic cough varied from 3% in India (rural Pune) to 24% in the United States of America (Lexington,KY). Chronic cough was more common among females, both current and passive smokers, those working in a dusty job, those with a history of tuberculosis, those who were obese, those with a low level of education and those with hypertension or airflow limitation. The most influential risk factors were current smoking and working in a dusty job. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that the prevalence of chronic cough varies widely across sites in different world regions. Cigarette smoking and exposure to dust in the workplace are its major risk factors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio