PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPA KELAS V SD NEGERI 105 BARAKA KECAMATAN BARAKA KABUPATEN ENREKANG

Siti Mawah B. 2016. Penerapan Pembelajaran Kontekstual Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Kelas V SDN 105 Baraka Kecamatan Baraka Kabupaten Enrekang. Skripsi. Dibimbing oleh Hj. Nurhaedah, S.Pd., M.Hum dan Dr. Andi Cudai Nur, M.Si. Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Makassar. Masalah penelitian ini adalah rendahnya hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA kelas V SD Negeri 105 Baraka Kecamatan Baraka Kabupaten Enrekang. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah penerapan pembelajaran kontekstual dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA kelas V SD Negeri 105 Baraka Kecamatan Baraka Kabupaten Enrekang?. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan pembelajaran kontekstual untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA kelas V SD Negeri 105 Baraka Kecamatan Baraka Kabupaten Enrekang .Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang bersiklus yaitu meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan/Tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah guru dan siswa kelas V SD Negeri 105 Baraka Kecamatan Baraka Kabupaten Enrekang dengan jumlah siswa 17 orang terdiri dari 10 laki-laki dan 7 perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, tes dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis data kualitatif deskriptif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan dalam pembelajaran, baik pada aktivitas guru dan siswa maupun hasil belajar siswa. Peningkatan tersebut dapat dilihat pada hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I berada pada kategori cukup (C) dan pada siklus II berada pada kategori sangat baik (SB). Aktivitas guru dan siswa juga mengalami peningkatan. Aktivitas guru pada siklus I pertemuan I berada pada kategori kurang (K), pertemuan II berada pada kategori cukup (C) dan mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II pertemuan I berada pada kategori baik (B) , pertemuan II berada pada kategori sangat baik (SB). Aktivitas siswa pada siklus I pertemuan I berada pada kategori sangat kurang (SK), pertemuan II berada pada kategori cukup (C) dan mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II pertemuan I berada pada kategori baik (B), pertemuan II berada pada kategori sangat baik (SB). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penerapan pembelajaran kontekstual dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA Kelas V SD Negeri 105 Baraka Kecamatan Baraka Kabupaten Enrekang

Immediate effect of dynamic oscillatory stretching vs. neurodynamic sliding technique on stretch tolerance, popliteal angle range and hamstring flexibility in apparently healthy individuals with hamstring tightness: a pre-post clinical trail

Background: The hamstrings being postural muscles are prone to tightness which leads to muscular imbalances and inefficiency of daily living activities. Hence, the present study aims to compare two competent techniques Dynamic Oscillatory Stretching (DOS)vs. neurodynamic sliding (NDS) technique.Methods: A Total of 60 subjects were recruited (31 males, 29 females). passive 90-90 knee extension test, modified v sit to reach test and NPRS scale were used to evaluate the range, flexibility and stretch tolerance in participants pre intervention and were allotted into Group A (DOS) and Groups B. The subjects were then re-assessed immediately post intervention.Results: The results were obtained using the independent and dependent t-tests. Post intervention results were suggestive of a significant within group result with a p=0.0001 under all the parameters. Subjects in Group a showed a greater increase in the ROM while, Group B showed a better result in flexibility and stretch tolerance.Conclusions: Both the techniques are efficient and can be incorporated in sports rehabilitation to prevent on site injury thereby improving athlete’s performance

Measure extendibility/extensibility quality attribute using object oriented design metric

Software design is one of the very important phases of the software engineering. The costs of software can be minimized if improvements or corrections made during this stage. Several of the current computer aided software engineering (CASE) tools like enterprise architect (EA) v12 do not have the capability to improve the design. This work aims to develop an algorithm that helps the software engineers evaluating the design quality utilizing one of the object-oriented (OO) design models namely quality metrics for object-oriented design (QMOOD) which represents as hierarchical model that describes the relationship between quality attributes such as reusability, extendibility and properties of the design of OO design. This algorithm describesed how the assessment of the extendibility/ extensibility using the software metrics has been done and the impact of the involved metrics in the extendibility value. Results obtained demonstrate the effect of OO design metrics such as inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction and coupling in quality characteristics like extensibility. The results show that lower values of abstraction and coupling, obtain higher value of extendibility which means the class diagram is ready to accept additional improvements. The proposed algorithm has been tested on two different systems (test cases) that vary in their class diagrams, functionalities, and complexities

Analyzing Mechanical Properties of Silica Gel Filled with Carbon Fiber into Polymeric Composite

في هذه الدراسة، تم دراسة تأثير (1 ٪ ، 2 ٪ ، 3 ٪ ، 4 ٪ الكسور الوزني) السيليكا جل المقوى بألياف الكربون (3 ٪ كسر وزني) في رانتج البولي استر غير المشبع على خصائص الشد ، مقاومة الصدمة  وصلادة الشور (D). تم تصنيع هذه العينات من المواد المركبة البوليمرية بطريقة (الصب اليدوية). كان متوسط ​​حجم الجسيمات من السيليكا جل (5.3 إلى 136.4 ميكرون). تم تحليل الخواص الميكانيكية باستخدام SPSS تحليل التباين الاحادي لتحديد أي كسر وزني له تأثير أكبر على الخواص الميكانيكية حيث تم تعيين دلالة إحصائية عند P ≤ 0.05. أظهرت النتائج أن أعلى قيم متوسطه ( 164 ± 4.000 MPa) , (7.367 ± .2517GPa)و( (83.600 ±.2590 لمقاومة الشد ، معامل المرونة وشور الصلادة D كانت مسجلة في العينة (البولي استر غير المشبع + 3% ليف كاربون + 4% سيليكا جل) ، في حين كانت أعلى قيم متوسطة لنسبة الاستطالة (3.200 ± .2100) ، (2.700 ± .2100) ، (2.233 ± .1528) كانت مسجلة في العينات (البولي استر غير المشبع ، البولي استر غير المشبع + 3% ليف كاربون ، البولي استر غير المشبع + 3% ليف الكاربون + 1% سيليكا جل) على التوالي، وأيضا كانت أعلى قيم متوسطة (10.9667 ± .07638) لمقاومة الصدمة كانت مسجلة في العينة (البولي استر غير المشبع + 3% ليف الكاربون + 3% سيليكا جل). تظهر نتائج SPSS أنه عندما تكون قيم (P) أقل من (0.05) سيكون هناك تأثير كبير لمادة الحشو على الخواص الميكانيكية.In this study, the effect of (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% weight fraction) waste silica gel reinforced with (3% weight fraction) carbon fiber into unsaturated polyester resin was investigated on the tensile properties, impact strength and shore D hardness. These samples of polymeric composite materials were manufactured by (Hand-lay-up) method. The average particle size of the silica gel was (5.3 to 136.4 µm). The mechanical properties were analyzed using SPSS one way analysis of variance to determine which weight fraction has more influence on mechanical properties where statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results showed that the highest mean values (164 ± 4.000 MPa), (7.367 ± .2517GPa) and (83.600 ± .2590) for tensile strength, elasticity modulus and hardness shore D respectively were recorded in sample (UP+3% C.F+4%Silica gel), while the highest mean values of elongation percentage (3.200 ± .2100), (2.700 ± .2100 ),(2.233 ± .1528) were recorded in samples (UP, UP+3% C.F, UP+3% C.F+1% silica gel) respectively, also highest mean values (10.9667±.07638) of impact strength was recorded in sample (UP+3% C.F+3% silica gel). The results of SPSS show that when (P) values less than (0.05) a significant effect of the filler material on the mechanical properties will be

Pseudohypoparathyroidism Presenting as Congestive Cardiac Failure

Hypocalcaemia can have a variety of manifestations including cardiovascular changes. Hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy has been reported in hypoparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency but association of hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy in pseudohypo-parathyroidism has been reported scarcely in literature. We describe here a case of PHP presenting as congestive cardiac failure

Application of whole genome and RNA sequencing to investigate the genomic landscape of common variable immunodeficiency disorders.

Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders (CVIDs) are the most prevalent cause of primary antibody failure. CVIDs are highly variable and a genetic causes have been identified in <5% of patients. Here, we performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 34 CVID patients (94% sporadic) and combined them with transcriptomic profiling (RNA-sequencing of B cells) from three patients and three healthy controls. We identified variants in CVID disease genes TNFRSF13B, TNFRSF13C, LRBA and NLRP12 and enrichment of variants in known and novel disease pathways. The pathways identified include B-cell receptor signalling, non-homologous end-joining, regulation of apoptosis, T cell regulation and ICOS signalling. Our data confirm the polygenic nature of CVID and suggest individual-specific aetiologies in many cases. Together our data show that WGS in combination with RNA-sequencing allows for a better understanding of CVIDs and the identification of novel disease associated pathways

World society of emergency surgery study group initiative on Timing of Acute Care Surgery classification (TACS).

Timing of surgical intervention is critical for outcomes of patients diagnosed with surgical emergencies. Facing the challenge of multiple patients requiring emergency surgery, or of limited resource availability, the acute care surgeon must triage patients according to their disease process and physiological state. Emergency operations from all surgical disciplines should be scheduled by an agreed time frame that is based on accumulated data of outcomes related to time elapsed from diagnosis to surgery. Although literature exists regarding the optimal timing of various surgical interventions, implementation of protocols for triage of surgical emergencies is lacking. For institutions of a repetitive triage mechanism, further discussion on optimal timing of surgery in diverse surgical emergencies should be encouraged. Standardizing timing of interventions in surgical emergencies will promote clinical investigation as well as a commitment by administrative authorities to proper operating theater provision for acute care surgery

Systematic analysis of relationships between plasma branched-chain amino acid concentrations and cardiometabolic parameters:an association and Mendelian randomization study

Abstract Background Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) are essential amino acids that are associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). However, there are still only limited insights into potential direct associations between BCAAs and a wide range of CMD parameters, especially those remaining after correcting for covariates and underlying causal relationships. Methods To shed light on these relationships, we systematically characterized the associations between plasma BCAA concentrations and a large panel of 537 CMD parameters (including atherosclerosis-related parameters, fat distribution, plasma cytokine concentrations and cell counts, circulating concentrations of cardiovascular-related proteins and plasma metabolites) in 1400 individuals from the Dutch population cohort LifeLines DEEP and 294 overweight individuals from the 300OB cohort. After correcting for age, sex, and BMI, we assessed associations between individual BCAAs and CMD parameters. We further assessed the underlying causality using Mendelian randomization. Results A total of 838 significant associations were detected for 409 CMD parameters. BCAAs showed both common and specific associations, with the most specific associations being detected for isoleucine. Further, we found that obesity status substantially affected the strength and direction of associations for valine, which cannot be corrected for using BMI as a covariate. Subsequent univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR), after removing BMI-associated SNPs, identified seven significant causal relationships from four CMD traits to BCAA levels, mostly for diabetes-related parameters. However, no causal effects of BCAAs on CMD parameters were supported. Conclusions Our cross-sectional association study reports a large number of associations between BCAAs and CMD parameters. Our results highlight some specific associations for isoleucine, as well as obesity-specific effects for valine. MR-based causality analysis suggests that altered BCAA levels can be a consequence of diabetes and alteration in lipid metabolism. We found no MR evidence to support a causal role for BCAAs in CMD. These findings provide evidence to (re)evaluate the clinical importance of individual BCAAs in CMD diagnosis, prevention, and treatment

Characterization of gut microbial structural variations as determinants of human bile acid metabolism

Bile acids (BAs) facilitate intestinal fat absorption and act as important signaling molecules in host-gut microbiota crosstalk. BA-metabolizing pathways in the microbial community have been identified, but it remains largely unknown how the highly variable genomes of gut bacteria interact with host BA metabolism. We characterized 8,282 structural variants (SVs) of 55 bacterial species in the gut microbiomes of 1,437 individuals from two cohorts and performed a systematic association study with 39 plasma BA parameters. Both variations in SV-based continuous genetic makeup and discrete clusters showed correlations with BA metabolism. Metagenome-wide association analysis identified 809 replicable associations between bacterial SVs and BAs and SV regulators that mediate the effects of lifestyle factors on BA metabolism. This is the largest microbial genetic association analysis to demonstrate the impact of bacterial SVs on human BA composition, and it highlights the potential of targeting gut microbiota to regulate BA metabolism through lifestyle intervention