Melchor de Macanaz y sus Reflexiones y avisos para el govierno de la Monarquía de España. Actualidad del mensaje de un político del siglo XVIII

En aquest text es tracta la transcripció i l'edició d'un text desconegut de Melcior de Macanaz escrit al final de la seva vida a manera de «testament polític» i en el qual explica com hauria de procedir el rei per a aconseguir les majors quotes de desenvolupament econòmic i polític del regne i evitar els vicis introduïts.The article analyses the transcription and editing of a previously unknown text by Melchor de Macanaz, written towards the end of his life as a sort of “political testament”. The text describes how the monarch should proceed in order to achieve the kingdom’s highest possible levels of economic and political development and avoid the existing defects.En este texto se aborda la transcripción y edición de un texto desconocido de Melchor de Macanaz escrito hacia el final de su vida a modo de «testamento político» y en el que explica como tendría que proceder el rey para alcanzar las mayores cotas de desarrollo económico y político del Reino y evitar los vicios introducidos

Category measures on Baire spaces

The purpose of this paper is to give a necessary and sufñcient condition to define a category measure on a Baire topological space. In the last section we give some examples of spaacs in these conditions

Melchor de Macanaz y sus Reflexiones y avisos para el govierno de la Monarquía de España. Actualidad del mensaje de un político del siglo XVIII

En aquest text es tracta la transcripció i l'edició d'un text desconegut de Melcior de Macanaz escrit al final de la seva vida a manera de «testament polític» i en el qual explica com hauria de procedir el rei per a aconseguir les majors quotes de desenvolupament econòmic i polític del regne i evitar els vicis introduïts.The article analyses the transcription and editing of a previously unknown text by Melchor de Macanaz, written towards the end of his life as a sort of political testament. The text describes how the monarch should proceed in order to achieve the kingdoms highest possible levels of economic and political development and avoid the existing defects.En este texto se aborda la transcripción y edición de un texto desconocido de Melchor de Macanaz escrito hacia el final de su vida a modo de «testamento político» y en el que explica como tendría que proceder el rey para alcanzar las mayores cotas de desarrollo económico y político del Reino y evitar los vicios introducidos

Category measures on Baire spaces

The purpose of this paper is to give a necessary and sufñcient condition to define a category measure on a Baire topological space. In the last section we give some examples of spaacs in these conditions

Characterisation and calibration of a scintillating fibre detector with > 4000 multi-anode photomultiplier channels

In the Kaos spectrometer at the Mainz Microtron a high-resolution coordinate detector for high-energy particles is operated. It consists of scintillating fibres with diameters of 4000 multi-anode photomultiplier channels. It is one of the most modern focal-plane detectors for magnetic spectrometers world-wide. To correct variations in the detection efficiency, caused by the different gains and the different optical transmittances, a fully automated off-line calibration procedure has been developed. The process includes the positioning of a radioisotope source alongside the detector plane and the automated acquisition and analysis of the detector signals. It was possible to characterise and calibrate each individual fibre channel with a low degree of human interaction.Comment: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A (2012

La evolución de un mismo cantar heroico desde su transmisión oral a su transmisión escrita: el caso del «Cantar de Hildebrando» alemán

The lay of Hildebrand was handed down to us at two different points in time: the first one during the Old High German period (750-1150), and the second one during the Early New High German period (1350-1750). This difference in time is not only evident in many changes in the German language itself simply from a linguistic point of view, but also reveals significant differences in the way this story is narrated and transmitted. When the heroic lay of Hildebrand (Älteres Hildebrandslied-old lay) first appeared during the first half of the 9th century, the text contained many features of the traditional old Germanic oral poetry, like the so called oral-formulaic language, still well-known at that time. Later on, during the Early New High German period, the same story of Hildebrand and his son (Jüngeres Hildebrandslied-modern lay) was presented in quite a different literary form, which hardly bears any traces of the previous oral tradition. On this basis it is possible to trace the evolution of the same story from oral transmission to a written (literate) form. Using a comparative analysis, this chapter examines how the transmission of this story changes from an oral to a written form, as well as the way oral-formulaic features disappear leaving almost no trace.El cantar de Hildebrando nos ha sido transmitido en dos momentos temporales: primero, durante el periodo del alto antiguo alemán (750-1150), y, más tarde, durante el periodo del alto alemán paleomoderno (1350-1750). La diferencia temporal entre ambos no solo muestra cambios en la lengua alemana, desde una perspectiva puramente lingüística, sino también diferencias significantes en el modo en el que esta misma historia es narrada y transmitida. Cuando tiene lugar la primera constancia del cantar heroico de Hildebrando (Älteres Hildebrandslied-cantar antiguo) durante la primera mitad del siglo IX, el texto muestra muchos rasgos de la poesía germánica oral tradicional, como, por ejemplo, el denominado lenguaje oralformulaico, aún muy extendido en aquel tiempo. Más tarde, durante el alto alemán paleomoderno, la misma historia de Hildebrando y su hijo (Jüngeres Hildebrandslied-cantar moderno) se presenta en un formato literario bien diferente, que apenas muestra rasgos de la tradición oral previa. Basándonos en estos hechos es posible trazar la evolución de un mismo relato desde un formato de transmisión oral a otro de carácter escrito. Sirviéndonos de un análisis comparado, en el presente trabajo se examina cómo la transmisión de esta historia evoluciona desde un formato oral a otro escrito, es decir, cómo los rasgos propios del lenguaje oral-formulaico del cantar antiguo desaparecen en el moderno sin apenas dejar huella

Digitalization of Battery Manufacturing: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities

As the world races to respond to the diverse and expanding demands for electrochemical energy storage solutions, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) remain the most advanced technology in the battery ecosystem. Even as unprecedented demand for state-of-the-art batteries drives gigascale production around the world, there are increasing calls for next-generation batteries that are safer, more affordable, and energy-dense. These trends motivate the intense pursuit of battery manufacturing processes that are cost effective, scalable, and sustainable. The digital transformation of battery manufacturing plants can help meet these needs. This review provides a detailed discussion of the current and near-term developments for the digitalization of the battery cell manufacturing chain and presents future perspectives in this field. Current modelling approaches are reviewed, and a discussion is presented on how these elements can be combined with data acquisition instruments and communication protocols in a framework for building a digital twin of the battery manufacturing chain. The challenges and emerging techniques provided here is expected to give scientists and engineers from both industry and academia a guide toward more intelligent and interconnected battery manufacturing processes in the future

An evaluation of availability and adequacy of Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems in Asian countries: A baseline study

Early warning systems are widely considered as one of the more important aspects to reduce the impacts and consequences that hazardous natural events pose to societies. Similar to the other terms related to disaster risk reduction, this concept has evolved over time to eventually result in a comprehensive framework, that includes features from the upstream phase, such as detection and forecasting tools and models, to the downstream phase that considers a people-centred approach. Based on this holistic conceptual framework, this paper attempts to assess the degree of adequacy and integration of early warning systems with reference to international standards using a multi-hazard perspective. The study is focused on the following Asian countries: the Maldives, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and the Philippines. Results obtained provide an inventory of existing approaches and systems, showing common backgrounds and consistencies in their conceptualisation. In addition, the findings of this study highlight the strengths and weaknesses of Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems in each country considering their technical, legal, and socio-economic complexities. These findings are intended to support target countries to improve the availability and effectiveness of their warning systems