Obesidade e COVID-10: Impacto na Imunidade, Infecção e Vacinação

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial pathology that has been increasing significantly in recent decades, becoming a serious public health problem. It can be characterized by an energy and metabolic imbalance that compromises the health of individuals. Obesity can be complicated by other diseases or be associated with the development of comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, in addition to various types of cancer.1Obesity is a complex and multifactorial pathology that has been increasing significantly in recent decades, becoming a serious public health problem. It can be characterized by an energy and metabolic imbalance that compromises the health of individuals. Obesity can be complicated by other diseases or be associated with the development of comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, in addition to various types of cancer.1Obesity is a complex and multifactorial pathology that has been increasing significantly in recent decades, becoming a serious public health problem. It can be characterized by an energy and metabolic imbalance that compromises the health of individuals. Obesity can be complicated by other diseases or be associated with the development of comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, in addition to various types of cancer.

Obesidade e COVID-10: Impacto na Imunidade, Infecção e Vacinação

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial pathology that has been increasing significantly in recent decades, becoming a serious public health problem. It can be characterized by an energy and metabolic imbalance that compromises the health of individuals. Obesity can be complicated by other diseases or be associated with the development of comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, in addition to various types of cancer.

MICROBIOMA GASTROINTESTINAL E DOENÇAS NEURAIS:: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA

A existência do eixo intestino-micro bioma é atualmente um conceito bem estabelecido. Este eixo medeia uma comunicação bidirecional entre o intestino, o microbioma e o sistema nervoso. Assim, nós objetivamos realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre a microbiota gastrointestinal e sua relação com doenças neurais. Os dados foram coletados a partir de fontes secundárias, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico em 2019. Pesquisou-se os estudos científicos que responderam o objetivo no período de 2016 a 2018, na PUBMED, utilizando os descritores guta micróbio, neural dissesse (conector booleano AND), sendo os filtros: estudos em humanos e texto completo disponível. Na base de dados PUBMED, foram encontrados 15 artigos que atendiam aos critérios entre 2016 a 2018. Dentre eles, 08 foram selecionados e categorizados em: 01 artigo sobre a História pregressa da mãe/criança, 04 artigos sobre Probióticos e alimentação saudável, 01 artigo sobre Microbiota como marcador laboratorial e 02 artigos sobre Prevenção por modulação da microbiota. Estes achados demonstram realmente existir relação entre microbiota e funcionamento neural, contudo, intervenções terapêuticas ainda não estão de fato indicadas e/ou consolidadas

Macrophage Polarization in Leishmaniasis: Broadening Horizons

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne neglected tropical disease that affects more than 700,000 people annually. Leishmania parasites cause the disease, and different species trigger a distinct immune response and clinical manifestations. Macrophages are the final host cells for the proliferation of Leishmania parasites, and these cells are the key to a controlled or exacerbated response that culminates in clinical manifestations. M1 and M2 are the two main macrophage phenotypes. M1 is a pro-inflammatory subtype with microbicidal properties, and M2, or alternatively activated, is an anti-inflammatory/regulatory subtype that is related to inflammation resolution and tissue repair. The present review elucidates the roles of M1 and M2 polarization in leishmaniasis and highlights the role of the salivary components of the vector and the action of the parasite in the macrophage plasticity

Investigating the role of circulating microRNAs in human immunodeficiency virus infection: friends or foes?

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids), still affects millions of people worldwide. Despite recent advances in the understanding of biological mechanisms of viral replication, there are relevant gaps in the understanding of the virus-host relationship. Unraveling these gaps may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies and the establishment of new biomarkers useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of the infection and its comorbidities. Research has been carried out with a focus on decoding gene regulation and silencing processes. Among these, microRNAs (miRNAs) stand out, small non-coding sequences responsible for mediating several cellular processes. They are found primarily in the cytoplasm but may be exported and found circulating and measured in blood samples. These studies have shown the role of miRNAs as biomarkers in different diseases, particularly in viral infections. They are expressed in T cells, cells that play an essential role in orchestrating an efficient antiviral response, and are the target of HIV infection. Therefore, in this study we discuss the main biological characteristics of miRNAs and the potential use of these nucleic acids in their free, circulating form, as indicators of risk or protection against HIV infection.Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, still affects millions of people worldwide. Despite recent advances in the understanding of biological mechanisms of viral replication, there are relevant gaps regarding the virus-host relationship. Unraveling these complexities may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies and the establishment of new biomarkers useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of infection and its comorbidities. Therefore, in this study we discuss the main biological characteristics of microRNAs and the potential use of these nucleic acids in their free circulating form as indicators of risk or protection against HIV infection. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was carried out in the following databases through keyword and/or health descriptor searches: i) Google Scholar; ii) CAPES periodicals portal; iii) United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and iv) Elsevier’s Science Direct library. The keywords “microRNA; HIV infection; circulating microRNA; biomarkers” were used to search the databases as mentioned above. Results: Circulating microRNAs (ci-miRNA) are closely related to numerous processes in the HIV infection pathophysiology. They are involved in viral latency, increased viremia, hepatic injury, heart dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, immune response impairment, and participate in Kaposi’s sarcoma pathology. Additionally, these molecules may indicate protection in elite controllers, reduce viral replication and load, and be useful markers of the infection’s eclipse phase. Conclusion: Ci-miRNA levels are altered levels in individuals with HIV, playing a dual role in infection. Advances in research have shown that ci-miRNAs could differentiate stages of HIV infection and diseases associated with a viral infection and serve as biomarkers for antiretroviral therapy’s effectiveness through changes in their expression

Investigating the role of circulating microRNAs in human immunodeficiency virus infection: friends or foes?

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids), still affects millions of people worldwide. Despite recent advances in the understanding of biological mechanisms of viral replication, there are relevant gaps in the understanding of the virus-host relationship. Unraveling these gaps may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies and the establishment of new biomarkers useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of the infection and its comorbidities. Research has been carried out with a focus on decoding gene regulation and silencing processes. Among these, microRNAs (miRNAs) stand out, small non-coding sequences responsible for mediating several cellular processes. They are found primarily in the cytoplasm but may be exported and found circulating and measured in blood samples. These studies have shown the role of miRNAs as biomarkers in different diseases, particularly in viral infections. They are expressed in T cells, cells that play an essential role in orchestrating an efficient antiviral response, and are the target of HIV infection. Therefore, in this study we discuss the main biological characteristics of miRNAs and the potential use of these nucleic acids in their free, circulating form, as indicators of risk or protection against HIV infection.Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, still affects millions of people worldwide. Despite recent advances in the understanding of biological mechanisms of viral replication, there are relevant gaps regarding the virus-host relationship. Unraveling these complexities may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies and the establishment of new biomarkers useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of infection and its comorbidities. Therefore, in this study we discuss the main biological characteristics of microRNAs and the potential use of these nucleic acids in their free circulating form as indicators of risk or protection against HIV infection. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was carried out in the following databases through keyword and/or health descriptor searches: i) Google Scholar; ii) CAPES periodicals portal; iii) United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and iv) Elsevier’s Science Direct library. The keywords “microRNA; HIV infection; circulating microRNA; biomarkers” were used to search the databases as mentioned above. Results: Circulating microRNAs (ci-miRNA) are closely related to numerous processes in the HIV infection pathophysiology. They are involved in viral latency, increased viremia, hepatic injury, heart dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, immune response impairment, and participate in Kaposi’s sarcoma pathology. Additionally, these molecules may indicate protection in elite controllers, reduce viral replication and load, and be useful markers of the infection’s eclipse phase. Conclusion: Ci-miRNA levels are altered levels in individuals with HIV, playing a dual role in infection. Advances in research have shown that ci-miRNAs could differentiate stages of HIV infection and diseases associated with a viral infection and serve as biomarkers for antiretroviral therapy’s effectiveness through changes in their expression

Diethyldithiocarbamate loaded in beeswax-copaiba oil nanoparticles obtained by solventless double emulsion technique promote promastigote death in vitro

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2019-02-14T13:57:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mazur L.M. Diethyldithiocarbamate loaded...2019.pdf: 2632267 bytes, checksum: 76380387dd1682be16b5ddbf55133cef (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2019-02-14T14:06:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Mazur L.M. Diethyldithiocarbamate loaded...2019.pdf: 2632267 bytes, checksum: 76380387dd1682be16b5ddbf55133cef (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-14T14:06:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mazur L.M. Diethyldithiocarbamate loaded...2019.pdf: 2632267 bytes, checksum: 76380387dd1682be16b5ddbf55133cef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018CAPES−Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Tecnológico and CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and Laboratório Central de Microscopia Eletrônica (LCME) of Federal University of Santa Catarina for the TEM analyses.Federal University of Santa Catarina. Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering. Salvador, BA, Brazil.Federal University of Santa Catarina. Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering. Salvador, BA, Brazil.Federal University of Santa Catarina. Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering. Salvador, BA, Brazil.Federal University of Santa Catarina. Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering. Salvador, BA, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.State University of Londrina. Center of Biological Sciences. Laboratory of Experimental Protozoology. Department of Pathological Sciences. Londrina, PR, Brazil.State University of Londrina. Center of Biological Sciences. Laboratory of Experimental Protozoology. Department of Pathological Sciences. Londrina, PR, Brazil.Federal University of Santa Catarina. Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering. Salvador, BA, Brazil.Federal University of Santa Catarina. Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering. Salvador, BA, Brazil.Leishmaniasis is considered a neglected tropical disease that represents a Public Health problem due to its high incidence. In the search of new alternatives for Leishmaniasis treatment diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC) has shown an excellent leishmanicidal activity and the incorporation into drug carrier systems, such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), is very promising. In the present work DETC loaded in beeswax nanoparticles containing copaiba oil were obtained by the double emulsion/melt technique. The nanoparticles were characterized and leishmanicidal activity against L. amazonensis promastigotes forms and cytotoxicity in murine macrophages were evaluated. SLNs presented size below 200 nm, spherical morphology, negative charge surface, high encapsulation efficiency, above 80%, and excellent stability. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses were performed to evaluate the chemical structure and possible interactions between DETC and SLNs. SLNs provided a protection for DETC, decreasing its cytotoxic effects in macrophages, which led to an improvement in the selectivity against the parasites, which almost doubled from free DETC (11.4) to DETC incorporated in SLNs (18.2). These results demonstrated that SLNs had a direct effect on L. amazonensis promastigotes without affect the viability of macrophage cell, can be a promising alternative therapy for the cutaneous treatment of L. amazonensis

Macrophage Polarization in Leishmaniasis: Broadening Horizons

Submitted by Manoel Barata ([email protected]) on 2019-12-03T19:41:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fimmu-09-02529ok.pdf: 867609 bytes, checksum: 2d8d3684b5991f6db192288a0eb46e4f (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Manoel Barata ([email protected]) on 2019-12-20T19:30:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fimmu-09-02529ok.pdf: 867609 bytes, checksum: 2d8d3684b5991f6db192288a0eb46e4f (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-20T19:30:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fimmu-09-02529ok.pdf: 867609 bytes, checksum: 2d8d3684b5991f6db192288a0eb46e4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia. Curitiba, PR, Brasil / Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia. Curitiba, PR, Brasil / Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Química. Laboratório de Biotransformação e Fitoquímica. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia. Curitiba, PR, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Laboratório de Virologia Molecular. Curitiba, PR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Carlos Chagas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia. Curitiba, PR, Brasil / Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Departamento de Ciências Patológicas. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Londrina, PR, Brasil.Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne neglected tropical disease that affects more than 700,000 people annually. Leishmania parasites cause the disease, and different species trigger a distinct immune response and clinical manifestations. Macrophages are the final host cells for the proliferation of Leishmania parasites, and these cells are the key to a controlled or exacerbated response that culminates in clinical manifestations. M1 and M2 are the two main macrophage phenotypes. M1 is a pro-inflammatory subtype with microbicidal properties, and M2, or alternatively activated, is an anti-inflammatory/regulatory subtype that is related to inflammation resolution and tissue repair. The present review elucidates the roles of M1 and M2 polarization in leishmaniasis and highlights the role of the salivary components of the vector and the action of the parasite in the macrophage plasticity