The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes

Federal Financial Monitoring Service as A Member of the National Security of the Russian Federation and the Implementation of the Strategy of the Country's Economic Security

National-State interests of the Russian Federation are the most significant and objective political determinants of the totality of the vital needs of the population, which are aimed at the satisfaction and development of an individual, society and the State in all their areas of activity: International, military, economic, social, information, internal political, environmental. Maintaining a level of well-being of citizens, to ensuring high standards of life and health, the country's territorial integrity, its sovereignty, guaranteing citizens ' constitutional rights, stable economic development are relevant political objectives activities in Russia

On Approaches to Assessing Contribution of Russian Universities in the Implementation of National Projects

The article provides a brief review of the literature related to the analysis of approachesto assessing the effectiveness of the universities of the country. The authors propose to consider the universities as key performers of strategic decisions at various hierarchical levels. Each of the strategic planning documents includes indicator systems and their target values in dynamics over the years. Monitoring of these indicators allows us to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of the strategic planning documents as a whole. The methodology given in the article for assessing effectiveness of the universities is directly or indirectly related to target indicators laid down in the strategic planning documents. This enables to evaluate the contribution of the universities to the development of socio-economic systems at various levels: industries, regions and the country as a whole. As an example, the approach to the development of the system of indicators is considered, which makes it possible to evaluate the contribution of the universities to the implementation of national projects. In the initial (pilot) version the system included 30 indicators directly related to national projects “Education”, “Science”, “Digital Economics” and a number of others. The article presents the results of testing of the developed methodology and the system of indicators at a number of the flagship universities of the Volga Federal District

Efficacy of Low Doses of Acetylsalicylic Acid in the Prevention of Preeclampsia in Women with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: The effective approach to preventing preeclampsia (PE) is administering acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) to high-risk patients. However, there are not enough data analyzing the effectiveness of ASA intake by pregnant women with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aims to evaluate the effect of ASA on perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with different types of pregestational DM. Methods: This retrospective study included 735 pregnant women with DM (types 1 and 2). At 12–14 weeks of gestation, some patients were prescribed daily ASA at a 100–150 mg dose continuously for up to 36 weeks. The effect of ASA on the development of PE and other outcomes of pregnancy was assessed. The times of delivery and the onset of PE were evaluated as well. Results: When taking ASA, PE developed significantly less frequently in pregnant women with DM. This was significantly more evident in patients with type 2 DM (OR 0.65; 95% CI: 0.52–0.79). In patients with type 1 DM, the mean period of development of PE was 1.5 weeks later relative to those pregnant women who did not take the drug and was 35.5 weeks of gestation. The OR for the development of preterm birth was reduced by 3 times (OR 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15–0.62). In women with DM who took ASA during pregnancy, babies were born with greater body weight, and the frequency of small for gestational age births decreased. Conclusions: ASA administration is associated with a reduction of the incidence of PE, a delay in its manifestations, and a mitigating the risk of other adverse perinatal outcomes typical for pregnant women with DM

Efficacy of Low Doses of Acetylsalicylic Acid in the Prevention of Preeclampsia in Women with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: The effective approach to preventing preeclampsia (PE) is administering acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) to high-risk patients. However, there are not enough data analyzing the effectiveness of ASA intake by pregnant women with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aims to evaluate the effect of ASA on perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with different types of pregestational DM. Methods: This retrospective study included 735 pregnant women with DM (types 1 and 2). At 12–14 weeks of gestation, some patients were prescribed daily ASA at a 100–150 mg dose continuously for up to 36 weeks. The effect of ASA on the development of PE and other outcomes of pregnancy was assessed. The times of delivery and the onset of PE were evaluated as well. Results: When taking ASA, PE developed significantly less frequently in pregnant women with DM. This was significantly more evident in patients with type 2 DM (OR 0.65; 95% CI: 0.52–0.79). In patients with type 1 DM, the mean period of development of PE was 1.5 weeks later relative to those pregnant women who did not take the drug and was 35.5 weeks of gestation. The OR for the development of preterm birth was reduced by 3 times (OR 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15–0.62). In women with DM who took ASA during pregnancy, babies were born with greater body weight, and the frequency of small for gestational age births decreased. Conclusions: ASA administration is associated with a reduction of the incidence of PE, a delay in its manifestations, and a mitigating the risk of other adverse perinatal outcomes typical for pregnant women with DM

ROLE OF PRO- AND ANTIANGIOGENIC FACTORS IN PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT

Abstract. Vascular network of placenta exhibits plasticity, and undergoes various dynamic changes in the course of pregnancy. Placental development is controlled by various cytokines and growth factors, and their ratios show strong fluctuations during pregnancy. The purpose of present study was to evaluate expression and secretion of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors by placental tissue at early stages (1st trimester) and late terms (3rd trimester) of normally proceeding pregnancy. It was established that at earlier stages (1st trimester), placental tissue produced larger quantities of proangiogenic factors (VEGF, PDGF, IL-8, MMP-2), in comparison to the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. By the 3rd trimester, VEGF-R3 expression and bFGF secretion by placental cells was also decreased, accompanied by increased production of angiogenin. Moreover, a suppressed production of antiangiogenic factors TSP-1 and TGFβ and expression of TGFβ-R1, CD105 receptors by placenta tissue was registered by the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. In permanently evolving placental tissue, an excess of angiogenic factors is observed. Meanwhile, antiangiogenic factors also seem to play an essential role in formation of placental tissue, thus providing angiogenesis inhibition.The study was supported by Presidential grants of Russian Federation N НШ-1066.2008.7, МК-1355.2007.7, and by a grant of Russian Foundation for Basic Research № 070400155. (Med. Immunol., vol. 10, N 4-5, pp 347-352)