Reenactment as Social Action: The Making of Encierro

On 30 July 1984, 11 mercury miners locked down in the mines of Almadén (Ciudad Real, southern Spain) to protest against their precarious economic and social conditions. 650 meters deep inside the oldest and most productive mercury mines in world’s history, the miners endured the dark and contaminated galleries for 11 days and nights until their claims were addressed. As an emigrated local filmmaker, I come back to post-industrial Almadén in 2019 with the idea of making a documentary reenactment film about the mining strike. The premise is to find young locals willing to live inside the now-closed mines for 11 whole days to homage the old miners and recreate the experience of 1984, 35 years later. Apart from engaging our collective mining past, performing the form and duration of a previous workers strike, Encierro proposes the underground as a living and symbolic space to foster a series of conversations, encounters, and social and political propositions to reimagine Almadén, which rose from a mine shaft more than 2000 years ago, as ‘something else besides’ a mining town. This article explores the potential of documentary film shooting to take on a different relationship to normal life than the same or similar events would have as “untransformed reality” (Goffman, 1974, p. 175) - a strike versus the reenactment of a strike – and its potential for activism and social transformation. I will also explore the use of the conditional tense in documentary; a speculative and hypothetical approach to reality sensitive to the ‘potentially’ real, the ‘possible’, and the ‘what if’ as modes of documentation. What happens when the forms of ‘documentary’ and ‘reenactment’ are exceeded, and act upon the world rather than only represent it

El plan de proteccion contra incendios forestales y su aplicacion en el predio el picazo.

80 p.Esta Memoria de Grado presenta un Plan de Protección contra incendios forestales, su elaboración, análisis y su aplicación en el predio El Picazo, centro experimental forestal perteneciente a la Universidad de Talca. Así, se planteo como objetivo general el desarrollar un plan de protección contra incendios forestales para el predio El Picazo. Posteriormente, en la metodología se hace un diagnostico de la situación actual del área de estudio, un análisis de los planes de protección y la forma en que se realizo. Se trata de un plan con un horizonte de 5 anos, pudiendo ser actualizado cuando cambien algunos de los factores de riesgo o bien haya una modificación de los modelos de combustibles o variación en su distribución o superficie. En las propuestas se hace hincapié en las medidas de prevención, ya que estas en si evitan la ocurrencia de incendios forestales, dado que actúan sobre el comportamiento humano cuyas acciones dan origen al 100% de los incendios producidos en el país

El efecto género en la empresa familiar

[Resumen] En el presente artículo se analiza la existencia de diferencias de género en la empresa familiar gallega. Se examinan estas diferencias a través de características sociales. Los resultados del estudio empírico más significativos nos revelan que el género está relacionado con la edad del máximo responsable, con el tamaño de la empresa y con la educación formal exigida en la misma pero estas dos últimas relaciones son débiles y poco explicativas

Tectonothermal analysis of high-temperature mylonitization in the

Mylonites in pelitic and quartzofeldsphatic gneisses from the Ouguela tectonic unit (Coimbra–Córdoba shear zone, SW Iberian Massif) have been studied as an example of high-temperature ductile deformation associated with transcurrent tectonics. Detailed microstructural and P–T analysis indicates that ductile deformation evolved from a metamorphic peak at approximately 650–750 °C and 7.5–9.5 kbar (quartzofeldsphatic gneisses) and 730–790 °C and 7.5–9.5 kbar (pelitic gneisses) to retrograde conditions at 500–575 °C and 4.5/5.5–6.5/7.5 kbar (quartzofeldsphatic gneisses) and 525–600 °C and 3.5/4.5–5.5/7.5 kbar (pelitic gneisses). Following the metamorphic peak, exhumation was very fast. The P–T trajectory, which does not reach the curve for granite melting, is distinct that of isothermal decompression. Instead, the progressive and contemporaneous decrease in pressure and temperature was a direct response to strong heat dissipation along the contacts between the ascending slice and the adjacent blocks. The horizontal component of exhumation path, calculated for middle and shallower crustal levels, sum to ca. 57 km to 94 km (for the pressure peak). Assuming this offset acted in the Viséan during a time interval of ca. 9 Ma, the estimated exhumation horizontal slip rate is in the order of 6.3 to 10.4 mm/yr, which corresponds to an exhumation oblique-slip exhumation rate of 6.6 to 10.7 mm/yr (for ductile deformation). These values indicate that the transcurrent tectonic displacements accommodated by these mylonitic are similar to those of modern intra-continental shear zones, such as the still active Karakoram Fault (8.3 mm/yr) in the Himalayas. The Coimbra–Córdoba shear zone is therefore a typical intra-continental transcurrent zone with ten-to-one hundred kilometre along-strike mass movement of material that aided the exhumation of deep crustal rocks. Study of this large-scale structure in the SW Iberian Massif is therefore central to models of orogenic deformation during the amalgamation of Pangea

Modelo análogo de Silly Putty para una colisión oblicua: primeras aproximaciones

Con el objeto de estudiar el comportamiento desde el punto de vista de los mecanismos de deformación subyacente en colisión entre dos placas tectónicas, en este trabajo se presenta una modelación computacional de este fenómeno. Para ello se implementaron cuatro modelos experimentales con el objeto de i) reconocer patrones de deformación en un evento de colisión oblicua con materiales de comportamiento dúctil, y ii) analizar la influencia que tiene el ángulo de convergencia y la tasa de deformación. La idea central en los cuatro modelos consiste en hacer colisionar dos bloques de Silly Putty, ubicándolos en una plataforma inclinada que permite variar el ángulo de inclinación entre 10° y 20° y de esta manera variar la velocidad de colisión. Las cuatro configuraciones experimentales estudiadas se obtuvieron mediante la elección de dos ángulos de convergencia (20° y 40). Para calcular la deformación progresiva en ambos bloques como una función del estiramiento, el acortamiento, la deformación por corte y por torsión, se usaron marcadores de deformación en la superficie de los bloques. Los resultados obtenidos se procesaron y visualizaron con el código computacional SSPX, cuyos fundamentos descansan en la mecánica de medios continuos. El análisis de los resultados muestra que existe una correlación entre el ángulo de convergencia inicial y la deformación de los bloques. según la cual, un ángulo de convergencia mayor favorece el grado de rotación y la deformación. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo evidencian las similitudes existentes con los obtenidos a partir de la reconstrucción palinspastica propuesta en trabajos previos orientados al estudio de la colisión continental del norte de los andes. y el margen caribe (Montes et al., 2019). En este orden de ideas, lo propuesto aquí establece nuevos y valiosos aportes a considerar en futuros proyectos sobre este tema

Gestión de desechos sólidos y aguas residuales del Hotel Jardines del Lago

Identificar el tipo de desechos sólidos del hotel, mediante el estudio de sus procesos operativos, clasificándolos, según su origen, así buscar alternativas que permitan disminuir la cantidad de desechos sólidos que se generan como resultado de las operaciones y establecer medidas de gestión de desechos sólidos, aplicables a la industria hotelera, con base en las disposiciones legales vigentes

Relative timing of transcurrent displacements in northern Gondwana: U-Pb laser ablation ICP-MS zircon and monazite geochronology of gneisses and sheared granites from the western Iberia Massif (Portugal)

The Variscan belt of Western and Central Europe was formed by the oblique subduction of the Rheic Ocean and the collision of Laurussia with Gondwana during the Late Palaeozoic. We present field relationships and new U–Pb LA-ICP-MS zircon and monazite ages for Variscan gneisses and granites from a key section of the western Iberian Massif. The Martinchel section records the interplay of two kilometre-scale Variscan transcurrent shear zones active in the Gondwana basement of Pangaea: the Porto–Tomar fault zone (PTFZ) and the Coimbra–Córdoba shear zone (CCSZ). Different kinematic models have been invoked to explain the formation and evolution of these major Variscan structures mainly based on assumptions made in the absence of reliable radiometric ages. We show that: (1) ductile deformation and metamorphism were active in the CCSZ during the Visean–Serpukhovian (c.335–318 Ma) and created conditions for amphibolite facies metamorphism and coeval emplacement of granites; and (2) later ductile–brittle deformation related to dextral movements along the PTFZ overprinted the earlier foliation and folds derived from the CCSZ deformation, and deformed the previously intruded granites. U–Pb dating of zircon and monazites yield c.335 Ma ages for the ductile deformation developed under amphibolite facies metamorphic conditions in the Martinchel gneisses of the CCSZ. The gneisses were intruded by granites at c.335–318 Ma, and both were later deformed under ductile–brittle conditions by dextral motion on the PTFZ. The geometry of the Martinchel gneisses (typical of the CCSZ) changed from one of thrusting to one of normal faulting by refolding of the early foliation, stretching lineation and asymmetric structures related to the later PTFZ dextral shear episode. This pattern of interference is not fully considered in previous models and may lead to incorrect tectonic interpretations. According to our data and recently published ages, we suggest that the PTFZ was active after the Serpukhovian–Kasimovian since the c.318–308 Ma granites are deformed by north–south (170°) dextral shear planes. These data are critical to the interpretation of large-scale Carboniferous transcurrent displacements in northern Gondwana (Iberian Massif), and bear upon global models of crustal deformation that emphasize the importance of long-lived dextral movements during the collision between northern Gondwana and Laurussia following the closure of the Rheic Ocean

Exhumation of high-pressure rocks in northern Gondwana during the Early

The Coimbra–Córdoba shear zone (CCSZ) represents a major intra-continental shear zone of the European Variscan orogen. The shear criteria found in metamorphic rocks of the CCSZ are consistent with sinistral transcurrent movements. Isoclinal and open folds with axes parallel to the stretching lineation are responsible for dip variations in the mylonitic foliation, but are related to the same kinematics. In selected outcrops of the Campo Maior unit (SW Iberian Massif, Portugal), boudins of high-pressure mafic granulites, high-grade amphibolites and felsic gneisses with long-axes parallel to the stretching lineation in the surrounded metamorphic rocks, were sampled together with the host migmatites for petrographic, geothermobarometric and U–Th–Pb SHRIMP in-situ zircon geochronology analysis. The results show that decompression associated with shearing and partial melting in the CCSZ began under granulite facies conditions during the Variscan orogeny (early Carboniferous: c. 340 Ma.). Peak metamorphic conditions in the mafic granulites (850–880 °C and 14.5–16.5 kbar), were followed by symplectitization at 725–750 °C and 12.5–14.5 kbar. Peak P–T conditions were 615–675 °C and 9.5–11.5 kbar in the high-grade amphibolites, 750–850 °C and 11.5–15.5 kbar in the weakly deformed gneisses, and 675–725 °C and 9–11.5 kbar in the sheared migmatites. Subsequently, temperatures and pressures decreased during amphibolite facies metamorphism coeval with mylonitization. Retrograde P–T conditions were 550–700 °C and 7–9 kbar in the high-grade amphibolite, 620–640 °C and 6–8 kbar in the gneisses, and 560–610 °C and 5–6.5 kbar in the migmatites. Zircon dating of the migmatites and gneisses indicate Ediacaran (c. 590 Ma) and Ordovician (c. 488–479 Ma) ages for the protoliths, and show that these rocks were part of the northern Gondwana margin with a West Africa Craton signature dominated by Paleoproterozoic (c. 2–1.8 Ga) and Neoproterozoic (c. 664–555 Ma) ages, and a characteristic lack of Mesoproterozoic (c. 0.9–1.7 Ga) ages. These rocks were probably subducted, and subsequently exhumed during the complex processes of Pangea formation. The high temperature–high pressure rocks of the Campo Maior unit were likely displaced by large-scale transcurrent movements within the CCSZ in the early Carboniferous. The CCSZ appears to represent a major shear zone in the SW Iberian Massif connected in some way to the Variscan suture zon

O turismo literário criativo na esteira da Coimbra de Miguel Torga

Este trabalho estuda o turismo literário criativo, bem como as potencialidades deste tipo de turismo para os destinos turísticos, em geral, e para os turistas literários, em específico, e as formas como este turismo pode potencializar benefícios par os destinos turísticos e os turistas literários. Deste modo, a reflexão encontra-se dividida em duas partes: a primeira, de índole mais teórica, incide sobre considerações que delimitam o conceito de turismo literário criativo e sobre as suas particularidades; a segunda, de pendor mais prático, encontra-se ligada ao caso particular da cidade de Coimbra literária e de Miguel Torga. Coimbra possui bons recursos e produtos sustentáveis para uma procura mais ou menos especializada, com testemunhos materiais e imateriais da presença, ao longo dos tempos, de vários escritores. Nesse âmbito, propõe-se uma rota literária criativa em Coimbra, baseada no caso do escritor Miguel Torga, que viveu e morreu em Coimbra.publishe