Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci for the endangered Midwife Betic toad Alytes dickhilleni (Discoglossidae)

We have developed eleven polymorphic micro- satellite loci for the amphibian Alytes dickhilleni using an enriched-library approach. We detected 98 alleles in 50 individuals genotyped (mean number of alleles per locus was 8.91) in two different populations in South East Spain. Expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.324 to 0.891 in one population (Arroyo Guadahornillos) and 0.424–0.909 in the other population (Cueva Paria). The levels of poly- morphism of the developed markers render them readily applicable for population genetic studies of diversity, structure, and migration.Peer Reviewe

An integrated targeted and untargeted approach for the analysis of ergot alkaloids in cereals using UHPLC - hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography hybrid quadrupole time of flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) method is described for the simultaneous quantitative determination of common ergot alkaloids and the screening, detection and identification of unexpected (less studied or novel) members of this class of toxic fungal secondary metabolites. The employed analytical strategy involves an untargeted data acquisition (consisting of full scan TOF MS survey and information dependent acquisition MS/MS scans) and the processing of data using both targeted and untargeted approaches. Method performance characteristics for the quantitative analysis of 6 common ergot alkaloids i.e. ergometrine, ergosine, ergotamine, ergocornine, ergocristine, ergokryptine and their corresponding epimers in rye were comparable to those previously reported for triple-quadrupole (QqQ) MS/MS. The method limits of quantification (LOQ) were in the range from 3 to 19 mu g/kg, and good linearity was observed for the different ergot alkaloids in the range from LOQ to 1000 mu g/kg. Furthermore, the method demonstrated good precision (relative standard deviations at 50 mu g/kg not higher than 14.6 and 16.2% for the intra-day and inter-day precision, respectively), and the trueness values at different concentration levels were all between 89 and 115%. The method was applied for the analysis of a set of 17 rye samples and demonstrated the presence of these ergot alkaloids in the range from <LOQ to 2,811 mu g/kg. Further mining of the same data based on a 'non-targeted peak finding' algorithm and the use of full MS and MS/MS accurate mass data allowed the detection and identification of 19 ergot alkaloids that are commonly not included in most analytical methods using QqQ instruments. Some of these alkaloids are reported for the first time in naturally contaminated samples

Magnetic Field Generated by the Loops Used in Traffic Control Systems

[EN] In this paper, a detailed study about the value, in any point of space P(x, y, z), of the magnetic field generated by a rectangular loop that carries a current I has been made. The analysis focuses on the study of rectangular magnetic loops that are used as sensors in traffic control systems. The inductance of magnetic loops is calculated numerically in three different ways, and the optimal way of performing the numerical summation is derived, which takes into account the magnetic field singularity on the conductor itself. The calculations also take into account the distance between the different turns in the loop. Later, the results are compared with the most commonly used empirical methods for inductance calculation. This paper shows the great similarity between empirical and numerically calculated results and concludes with the experimental verification and validation of the obtained theoretical results. Thus, both the system to evaluate the results and the proposed numerical methods for inductance calculation can be used in other loops geometries. This methodology can also be used for the mutual inductance calculation that appears between a buried loop and any kind of vehicle geometry, whose oscillation frequency variation determines the magnetic signature. The mutual inductance calculation can be used to determine the signal level that can be exchanged between the loops on the pavement and those on the vehicle, which in turn can be used as a short-range communication system between vehicles and infrastructures, with applications such as vehicles classification, speed measurements, or communication between vehicles.This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education of Spain and in part the company ETRA I+D S.A.Mocholí Salcedo, A.; Arroyo-Núñez, JH.; Milian-Sanchez, VM.; Palomo-Anaya, MJ.; Arroyo-Nunez, A. (2017). Magnetic Field Generated by the Loops Used in Traffic Control Systems. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. 18(8):2126-2136. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2016.2632972S2126213618

Genetic Origins of Cultivated and Wild Grapevines from Morocco

Nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite loci were used to genotype Moroccan grapevine accessions (Vitis vinifera L.) from germplasm collections and from plants cultivated in farm fields or found under wild conditions. The genetic diversity of the global Moroccan sample was equivalent to what has been described for cultivated grapevines from other regions around the Mediterranean basin. The predominant chlorotypes among the analyzed samples were A and C, which are detected at higher frequencies in western and eastern regions of the V. vinifera range. Comparison of Moroccan accession genotypes with published genotypes for other grapevine cultivars shows the existence of multiple synonyms, especially between cultivars grown in Morocco and Spain, as expected given the long history of interaction in the region. Analysis of genetic relationships among Moroccan samples distinguished groups of cultivated and wild samples. The wild samples had chlorotype A, which could represent remnants of natural populations of V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, or chlorotype C, which could represent cultivar derivatives or ancient cultivars generated by spontaneous hybridization among cultivated grapevines. Together the results point out the diverse genetic origin of cultivated and wild samples of grapevine in Morocco and emphasize the need to further collect and characterize its cultivated and wild grapevine germplasm.Peer reviewe

Industrial marketing research. A bibliometric analysis (1990-2015)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the most influential countries and universities that have contributed to science in the field of industrial marketing research during the period from 1990 to2015. Design/methodology/approach Bibliometric methodology is adopted, focusing on the most productive and influential countries and universities within this discipline, for the scientific community analyzing journals listed in the Web of Science (WoS) database from 1990 to 2015 and is supplemented by using VOS viewer to graph the existing bibliometric networks for each and every variable. Findings Evidence that the USA and UK remain leaders in the investigation of industrial marketing research. Finland stands at the third place, leaving Australia and Germany behind. In reference to the universities, Michigan State University ranks as the leader. Research limitations/implications The process of data classification originates from WoS. Moreover, to provide a comprehensive analytical scenario, other factors could have potentially been considered such as the editor's commitment to leading journals, to partnerships and conferences, as well as other databases. Originality/value This paper takes into account alternative variables that have not been previously considered in previous studies, such as universities and countries in which the transcendental contributions to this field have taken place, providing a closer look, which gives rise to further discussions and studies with more detail to the history of this science in the future

A wireless and portable electronic nose to differentiate musts of different ripeness degree and grape varieties

Two novel applications using a portable and wireless sensor system (e-nose) for the wine producing industry—The recognition and classification of musts coming from different grape ripening times and from different grape varieties—Are reported in this paper. These applications are very interesting because a lot of varieties of grapes produce musts with low and similar aromatic intensities so they are very difficult to distinguish using a sensory panel. Therefore the system could be used to monitor the ripening evolution of the different types of grapes and to assess some useful characteristics, such as the identification of the grape variety origin and to prediction of the wine quality. Ripening grade of collected samples have been also evaluated by classical analytical techniques, measuring physicochemical parameters, such as, pH, Brix, Total Acidity (TA) and Probable Grade Alcoholic (PGA). The measurements were carried out for two different harvests, using different red (Barbera, Petit Verdot, Tempranillo, and Touriga) and white (Malvar, Malvasía, Chenin Blanc, and Sauvignon Blanc) grape musts coming from the experimental cellar of the IMIDRA at Madrid. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Probabilistic Neural Networks (PNN) have been used to analyse the obtained data by e-nose. In addition, and the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) method has been carried out to correlate the results obtained by both technologies. © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This work is being supported by the Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) of the Economía y Competitividad Ministry, under the project RTA2011-00095-C02-02. We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).Peer Reviewe

Integración de los sistemas de diálogo para la interacción en redes sociales = Spoken Dialogue Systems for its Interaction in Social Networks

Con el desarrollo de la denominada Web 2.0 y el gran interés y extensión que han alcanzado actualmente las redes sociales, se están introduciendo rápidamente un gran número de aplicaciones que originan a la vez nuevas formas de comunicación e interacción entre los usuarios. Por otro lado, la investigación en el campo de los sistemas de diálogo posee en la actualidad un gran número de retos relativos a la introducción de nuevas modalidades tanto de entrada como de salida, así como aplicaciones y metodologías que favorezcan la adaptación de estos sistemas a las características y preferencias específicas de cada usuario. Las redes sociales, y más concretamente los mundos virtuales, suponen de este modo un escenario perfecto para llevar a cabo estas lineas de investigación. En este artículo presentamos un estudio relativo a la integración de sistemas de diálogo en redes sociales, describiendo en nuestro trabajo la utilización de un sistema de diálogo que proporciona información académica para crear una avatar conversacional dentro del mundo virtual de Second Life.With the development of so-called Web 2.0 and the great interest and extension that social networks have now reached, a large number of applications that originate new forms of communication and interaction among users have been quickly introduced. Furthermore, research in the eld of dialogue systems currently have a number of challenges related to the introduction of new input and output modalities, as well as applications and methodologies that allow the personalization of these systems to the speci c characteristics and preferences of each user. Social networks and, in particular virtual worlds, have thus a perfect setting to carry out these research objectives. In this paper we present a study about the integration of dialog systems with social networks, describing the use of a dialogue system that provides academic information to develop a conversational bot in the Second Life virtual world.Trabajo nanciado parcialmente por los Proyectos CICYT TIN2008-06742-C02-02/TSI, CICYT TEC2008-06732-C02-02/TEC, CAM CONTEXTS (S2009/TIC-1485) y DPS2008-07029-C02-02Publicad

Displasia folicular de la capa negra canina

La displasia folicular de la capa negra, es una dermatopatía restringida a las zonas de pelo negro de perros con dos o más capas de colores. Estudios mencionan haber un problema primario en el folículo piloso, donde está involucrada una herencia autosómica recesiva. El diagnóstico se hace gracias a la historia clínica, examen físico, tricograma y examen histopatológico del área afectada. Reporte del caso. Un canino mestizo de pelo corto, macho entero de 2 años de edad, de pelaje bicolor, se presenta con caída progresiva del pelo en las áreas negras desde el mes y medio de edad. Al examen clínico general no evidenció ninguna alteración fisiológica, encontrándose como hallazgo relevante la presencia de alopecia circunscrita e hipotricosis en las áreas negras ubicadas en la zona temporal de la cabeza y las orejas, apruriginosa, con leve seborrea. Se procede a realizar raspado de piel, siendo éste negativo para ácaros de la sarna, y a enviar posteriormente muestra para histopatología con el reporte de displasia folicular del pelo negro. Conclusión. La displasia folicular del pelo negro del canino es una afección dermatológica de escasa presentación en la clínica veterinaria. Por lo que reportes como éste, permiten demostrar la presencia de la patología, y con ello, aumentar el conocimiento de este tipo de dermatopatía

Assessment of natural ventilation strategy to decrease the risk of COVID 19 infection at a rural elementary school

Natural ventilation in low-budget elementary schools is the main focus to ensure the health and comfort of its occupants, specifically when looking at the global pandemic related to SARS-COV-2. This paper presents an experimental and novel study of natural ventilation in a public elementary school (Los Zumacales), with a particularly low economic budget. The study was carried out during the winter months of the Covid 19 pandemic. The school is located in the rural area of Castilla y León (North-Western Spain) far from high traffic roads. In this study, a methodology of measuring CO2 concentration was applied in nine classrooms in a school. The experimental study shows the level of natural ventilation in each classroom, expressed in Air Changes per Hour (ACH), using the Decay CO2 concentration method. The method is proven by comparing the experimental values of the obtained ACH with those determined by the most powerful methods to achieve appropriate ventilation levels. Thus, ensuring health protection protocol in rural schools, against the COVID 19 pandemic. Harvard guide and Spanish regulations (RITE), two widely recognized methods have been used together with the experimentally obtained standard by Rey et al. Only one classroom showed a value lower than 3 indicating poor ventilation. In this study, the degree of thermal comfort in the nine classrooms were also analyzed according to the EN15251 standard. An average indoor temperature of approximately 19 °C was obtained, and the relative humidity was stable and correct according to Spanish regulations. In addition, the risk of infection in each classroom was estimated following the international method recommended by the federation of European Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Associations (REHVA). The probability of infection in all the cases studied was less than 14%.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga/CBU

Effects of the comminution rate and microbial contamination of particles in the rumen on accuracy of in situ estimates of digestion of protein and amino acids of dehydrated sugar beet pulp

[EN] Effects of the correction of microbial contamination (using N-15 techniques) and of considering the comminution rate (k (c)) of particles in the rumen on effective estimates of the ruminally undegraded (RU) fraction and its intestinal effective digestibility (IED) were examined in a sample of dehydrated sugar beet pulp (DBP) generating composite samples (from rumen-incubated residues) representative of the chemical composition of RU. Tested fractions were dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM, tested only for RU), crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA). The study was performed on three rumen and duodenum cannulated wethers fed with a 2:1 (fresh weight basis) chopped oat hay-to-concentrate diet supplied at 40g DM/kg BW0 center dot 75 in six equal meals per day. The DBP showed sigmoid degradation kinetics: the fractional degradation rate increased by 5 center dot 8 times as time (h) increased from 0 to infinity. The k (c) rate (measured in the diet concentrate) represented 5 center dot 74% of the total rumen retention time of particles. As a result, the RU of DM was over-evaluated by 6 center dot 53% when k (c) was not considered. Microbial contamination of RU was high as in DM as in CP. Therefore, the overestimation of RU of DM was increased to 12 center dot 2% when this contamination was not corrected. The lack of this correction also led to large over-evaluations of RU and IED of CP and AA. As a result, the overestimation of the intestinal digested fraction was 40 center dot 9% for CP and 45 center dot 0% for total analysed AA. This overestimation varied largely among AA (from 18 center dot 9 to 88 center dot 7%). Corrected proportions of RU and IED were also variable among AA. Hypotheses on the causes of this variability are given. Resultant changes in the AA profile of the intestinal digested protein had some negative impact on the supply of essential AA and cysteine without affecting lysine. This problem is limited because the microbial protein synthesized from DBP fermentation in the rumen is largely predominant in the AA supply to the host.This work was supported by the CICYT-funded Project AGL 2006-08300. Analyses of 15N isotope ratios were performed at the Servicio Interdepartamental de Investigacion, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. Spain.González, J.; Arroyo, JM.; Guevara González, JA.; Moubi, R.; Piquer Querol, O.; Moya, V. (2014). Effects of the comminution rate and microbial contamination of particles in the rumen on accuracy of in situ estimates of digestion of protein and amino acids of dehydrated sugar beet pulp. Journal of Agricultural Science. 1(152):166-174. doi:10.1017/S0021859613000233S1661741152Milgen, J. V., & Baumont, R. (1995). Models based on variable fractional digestion rates to describe ruminal in situ digestion. British Journal of Nutrition, 73(6), 793-807. doi:10.1079/bjn19950085Rodríguez, C. A., González, J., Alvir, M. R., Repetto, J. L., Centeno, C., & Lamrani, F. (2000). Composition of bacteria harvested from the liquid and solid fractions of the rumen of sheep as influenced by feed intake. British Journal of Nutrition, 84(3), 369-376. doi:10.1017/s0007114500001653Rodríguez, C. A., & González, J. (2006). In situ study of the relevance of bacterial adherence to feed particles for the contamination and accuracy of rumen degradability estimates for feeds of vegetable origin. British Journal of Nutrition, 96(2), 316-325. doi:10.1079/bjn20061830Pereira, J. C., & González, J. (2004). Rumen degradability of dehydrated beet pulp and dehydrated citrus pulp. Animal Research, 53(2), 99-110. doi:10.1051/animres:2004005Mahadevan, S., Erfle, J. D., & Sauer, F. D. (1980). Degradation of Soluble and Insoluble Proteins by Bacteroides Amylophilus Protease and by Rumen Microorganisms2. Journal of Animal Science, 50(4), 723-728. doi:10.2527/jas1980.504723xLi, X., Kieliszewski, M., & Lamport, D. T. A. (1990). A Chenopod Extensin Lacks Repetitive Tetrahydroxyproline Blocks. Plant Physiology, 92(2), 327-333. doi:10.1104/pp.92.2.327Grenet, E., & Barry, P. (1990). In vivo and in sacco digestibility and rumen microbial degradation of cell walls of soyabean and rape integuments and of dehydrated beet pulp in sheep, observed by scanning electron microscopy. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 115(3), 429-435. doi:10.1017/s0021859600075882González, J., Faría-Mármol, J., Arroyo, J. M., Centeno, C., & Martínez, A. (2010). Effects of ensiling onin situruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of corn forage. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 64(3), 204-220. doi:10.1080/17450391003691450González, J., Ouarti, M., Rodríguez, C. A., & Alvir, M. R. (2006). Effects of considering the rate of comminution of particles and microbial contamination on accuracy of in situ studies of feed protein degradability in ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 125(1-2), 89-98. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.05.013Arroyo, J. M., & González, J. (2011). Effects of the ruminal comminution rate and microbial contamination of particles on accuracy ofin situestimates of ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of feedstuffs. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 97(1), 109-118. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01248.xAlcaide, E. M., Garcı́a, A. I. M., & Aguilera, J. . (2000). A comparative study of nutrient digestibility, kinetics of degradation and passage and rumen fermentation pattern in goats and sheep offered good quality diets. Livestock Production Science, 64(2-3), 215-223. doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(99)00149-9Udén, P., Colucci, P. E., & Van Soest, P. J. (1980). Investigation of chromium, cerium and cobalt as markers in digesta. Rate of passage studies. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 31(7), 625-632. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740310702Barrie, A., Brookes, S. T., Prosser, S. J., & Debney, S. (1995). High productivity analysis of15N and13C in soil/plant research. Fertilizer Research, 42(1-3), 43-59. doi:10.1007/bf00750499Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for Dietary Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber, and Nonstarch Polysaccharides in Relation to Animal Nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(91)78551-2Dhanoa, M. S., Siddons, R. C., France, J., & Gale, D. L. (1985). A multicompartmental model to describe marker excretion patterns in ruminant faeces. British Journal of Nutrition, 53(3), 663-671. doi:10.1079/bjn19850076Showalter, A. M. (1993). Structure and function of plant cell wall proteins. The Plant Cell, 5(1), 9-23. doi:10.1105/tpc.5.1.9BERNARD, L., MARVALIN, O., YANG, W. Z., & PONCET, C. (1988). Colonisation bactérienne de différents types d’aliments incubés in sacco dans le rumen ; conséquences pour l’estimation de la dégradabilité de l’azote. Reproduction Nutrition Développement, 28(Suppl. 1), 105-106. doi:10.1051/rnd:19881127González, J., Ouarti, M., Rodríguez, C. A., & Centeno, C. (2009). A simplified management of thein situevaluation of feedstuffs in ruminants: Application to the study of the digestive availability of protein and amino acids corrected for the ruminal microbial contamination. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 63(4), 304-320. doi:10.1080/17450390903020463Van Milgen, J., Murphy, M. R., & Berger, L. L. (1991). A Compartmental Model to Analyze Ruminal Digestion. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(8), 2515-2529. doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(91)78429-