Modelling the porewater chemistry of the Callovian–Oxfordian formation at a regional scale

International audienceIn ANDRA's studies to characterize the Callovian-Oxfordian formation, porewater chemistry is a key topic. Indeed, chemistry determines the durability of the repository materials (bentonite, concrete, metals, nuclear glass) and the speciation (and thus the mobility) of radionuclides. The method developed in the frame of the THERMOAR project enables the acquisition of a complete set of data from core samples to model the porewater chemistry. The method requires a detailed mineralogical study, a model of free-water/bound-water distribution, leaching experiments, adsorbed ion measurements, ion-exchange constant acquisition, and CO2 partial-pressure measurements. These experiments and measurements were done on samples from the site of the Meuse/Haute-Marne laboratory and from ANDRA's regional boreholes. The regional stability of a great number of parameters can be observed, except for a decrease of the Na and Cl concentration following a NE-SW axis passing through the laboratory. The water/rock equilibrium model makes it possible to calculate the chemical composition of interstitial waters of the formation

Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the ‘‘Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Altimetry for the future: building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

La pathologie dermatologique des marins

Le métier de marin est plus un mode de vie qu'un travail. Ils travaillent, mangent et se reposent sur leurs navires, loin de chez eux pour des périodes pouvant dépasser l'année. Les activités et les situations varient énormément rendant leur comparaison malaisée. La pathologie dermatologique des marins est variée, mais peu explorée eu égard à leur importance numérique. La prévalence des dermatoses est mal évaluée et souffre de nombreux biais de recrutement. Les fréquences déclarées s'échelonnent d'anecdotique à presque 50% des pathologies des marins. Les marins n'ont pas de pathologies dermatologiques spécifiques. Ils contractent les mêmes dermatoses que les terriens exposés aux mêmes conditions. La peau des marins est continuellement agressée par l'environnement (sel, embruns, vent, soleil), le contact avec les animaux (pêchés essentiellement), les embarcations (moteurs, revêtements) et les cargaisons qu'ils transportent, à l'origine d'autant de dermatoses. Mobiles par natures, les marins sont un vecteur significatif de maladies infectieuses. Les longues périodes d'abstinence, la culture du risque, le faible niveau d'éducation, l'offre en prostituées des ports et l'alcool expliquent les comportements sexuels à risque des marins et le lourd tribut payé aux infections sexuellement transmissibles. L'apparition du VIH rend cette problématique préoccupante, décimant les communautés centrées sur l'activité de pêche. L'encadrement strict de la responsabilité médicale à bord, de la formation médicale des officiers et de la télédermatologie doivent améliorer la prise en charge de la pathologie dermatologique dans le flottes modernes.NANCY1-SCD Medecine (545472101) / SudocNANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocSudocFranceF

Plaisir de la recherche en analyse de la pratique familiale

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Sudden diffusion of turbulent mixing layers in weakly coupled plasmas under compression

International audienceThe rapid growth of viscosity driven by temperature increase in turbulent plasmas under compression induces a sudden dissipation of kinetic energy, eventually leading to the relaminarization of the flow [Davidovits and Fisch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 105004 (2016)]. The interdiffusion between species is also greatly enhanced, so that mixing layers appearing at interfaces between different materials are subjected to strong dynamical modifications. The result is a competition between the vanishing turbulent diffusion and the expanding plasma microscopic diffusion. In direct numerical simulations with conditions relevant to inertial confinement fusion, we evidence regimes where compressed spherical mixing layers are quickly diffused during the relaminarization process. Using one and two-point turbulent statistics, we also detail how mixing heterogeneities are smoothed out